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Interaction with Turkic Cultures. Magtymguly's poetry also reflects the rich interaction between the Turkmen and other Turkic peoples, such as the Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Azeris. The shared linguistic and cultural heritage among these groups created a fertile ground for the exchange of ideas and literary traditions. Magtymguly's use of the Turkmen vernacular was a deliberate choice to elevate the language to a literary medium, but his themes and expressions found resonance among the broader Turkic world.
In particular, Magtymguly's calls for unity and national consciousness were not limited to the Turkmen people but extended to a broader Turkic audience. His poetry often lamented the disunity and internal strife that plagued the region, a sentiment that could be applied to many Turkic communities who faced similar challenges during the period. His vision of a united Turkmenistan mirrored the aspirations of other Turkic peoples for political and cultural solidarity.
Magtymguly's poetry also includes references to shared Turkic myths, legends, and historical figures, emphasizing the common cultural foundation that united these communities. By invoking these shared cultural markers, Magtymguly positioned the Turkmen as part of a larger Turkic world, while also highlighting their unique contributions to this cultural mosaic.
Conclusion. Magtymguly Fragi's poetry serves as a testament to the rich cultural interactions that characterized Central Asia in the 18th century. His work reflects a deep engagement with neighboring cultures, particularly the Persian and Turkic traditions, while maintaining a strong sense of Turkmen identity. Through his poetry, Magtymguly not only celebrated the Turkmen people but also recognized the interconnectedness of the region's diverse cultures, advocating for unity, justice, and spiritual fulfillment across national and ethnic boundaries. His legacy continues to inspire and unite peoples in the region, making him a truly transcendent figure in Central Asian literary and cultural history.
Literature:
1. Amanov, A. - Magtymguly and the Turkmen Literary Tradition
2. Bregel, Y. - The Turkic Peoples of Central Asia: Their Historical and Cultural Heritage
3. DeWeese, D. - Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition
© rapaeBa O.O., MepegoBa A.X., 2024
УДК 39
Гурбанмаммедова Г.,
преподаватель Аманмухаммедова А.,
студентка
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммета Азади THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE POETRY OF MAGTYMGULY PYRAGY
Introduction. Magtymguly Pyragy (1724-1807), the celebrated Turkmen poet and thinker, is widely regarded as the voice of the Turkmen people. His works are revered for their portrayal of the social, ethical, and political dynamics of his time. While much of Magtymguly's poetry addresses themes of justice, nationhood, and morality, the depiction of women holds a significant place in his oeuvre. This article explores the representation of women in Magtymguly's poetry, focusing on how they embody cultural, ethical, and familial ideals within the
broader context of Turkmen society.
Cultural Context of Women in Turkmen Society
To understand Magtymguly's depiction of women, it is essential to consider the societal role of women in 18th-century Turkmen culture. Traditionally, women in Turkmen society held positions of both respect and responsibility, particularly in the family sphere. They were seen as the keepers of moral values, the transmitters of culture, and the central figures in maintaining the household. Despite the patriarchal structure of the society, women's influence within the family and community was significant. In poetry, these ideals are often reflected, presenting women as both symbolic and practical agents of cultural continuity.
Women as Symbols of Virtue and Loyalty
Magtymguly frequently presents women as paragons of virtue, embodying qualities such as loyalty, modesty, and integrity. In many of his poems, the ideal woman is depicted as one who upholds the values of family, honor, and community. This is particularly evident in his lyrical poetry, where female characters are portrayed not merely as passive figures but as moral exemplars.
For instance, in his poems on love and family life, Magtymguly elevates women as the source of emotional strength and stability. They serve as the moral compass for their husbands and children, fostering ethical behavior and social harmony. In this way, women in Magtymguly's poetry are depicted as indispensable to the moral fabric of society, reflecting the importance of their role in maintaining the well-being of both the family and the community at large.
The Spiritual and Emotional Dimensions of Women
Magtymguly's portrayal of women also extends into the spiritual and emotional realms. In his work, women often symbolize spiritual beauty and purity, representing an ideal of unattainable perfection. This is particularly evident in his mystical and Sufi-influenced poetry, where love for a woman becomes a metaphor for the search for divine truth.
In this context, the love Magtymguly expresses towards women transcends physical attraction and becomes a reflection of a deeper, spiritual yearning. This idealized woman is often out of reach, signifying the human quest for enlightenment and the unattainable nature of divine love. Such depictions show that women in Magtymguly's poetry are not only significant in their physical and societal roles but also serve as symbols of spiritual ideals and emotional depth.
Women as Agents of Social Change
Magtymguly's poetry also reflects the potential of women as agents of social change, particularly within the context of their familial roles. In several of his poems, he alludes to the importance of women in shaping the future generation. As mothers, women are responsible for the moral and cultural education of their children, thereby influencing the next generation of Turkmen society.
This focus on women's roles in education and upbringing highlights their indirect but profound influence on social and political change. By instilling values of justice, loyalty, and honor in their children, women contribute to the development of a more ethical and cohesive society. In this way, Magtymguly recognizes the importance of women's roles in both the private and public spheres, underscoring their influence on the future of the Turkmen nation.
Challenges and Struggles of Women. Despite the idealized portrayal of women in many of Magtymguly's poems, he does not shy away from acknowledging the struggles and hardships they face. The poet often addresses themes of loss, separation, and sorrow, and women frequently appear as figures who endure emotional and social suffering. This is particularly apparent in his poems that reflect on the political instability and social turmoil of the time. Women, as caretakers and nurturers, are shown to bear the brunt of these societal upheavals, dealing with the pain of losing husbands or children to war and conflict.
Through these depictions, Magtymguly demonstrates a deep empathy for the suffering of women, acknowledging their resilience and strength in the face of adversity. This realistic portrayal of women's challenges
adds complexity to his poetry, balancing the idealized image of women as moral exemplars with a more grounded recognition of their struggles.
Conclusion. The portrayal of women in Magtymguly Pyragy's poetry is multifaceted, encompassing themes of virtue, spirituality, social responsibility, and resilience. Women in his work are not mere secondary characters but play central roles in shaping the moral, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of society. Through his idealization of women as symbols of virtue and loyalty, Magtymguly reflects the cultural values of Turkmen society, while also acknowledging the emotional and social struggles they endure. Literature:
1. Bregel, Y. - The Turkic Peoples of Central Asia: Their Historical and Cultural Heritage
2. DeWeese, D. - Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tukles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition
© ryp6aHMaMMeg,oBa r., AMaHMyxaMMegoBa A., 2024
УДК 39
Гутлыева Э.,
преподаватель Гельдимырадова С.,
преподаватель
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммеда Азади MAGTYMGULY FRAGI: A LEGACY THAT UNITES PEOPLES Abstract
Magtymguly Fragi, an 18th-century Turkmen poet and philosopher, holds a special place in the cultural and literary history of Central Asia. His poetry is more than just an expression of personal and national identity; it has served as a bridge uniting various Turkic-speaking peoples and other nations in the region. This article explores the life, work, and enduring legacy of Magtymguly, emphasizing his influence not only on Turkmen society but also on neighboring cultures. His universal themes of justice, freedom, and the human spirit continue to resonate across borders, contributing to a shared cultural heritage in the region.
Introduction. Magtymguly Fragi, born around 1733, is often regarded as the father of Turkmen literature. His literary contributions have transcended time and space, making him an emblem of cultural unity for many peoples in Central Asia. Although deeply rooted in the Turkmen tradition, his works speak to universal human experiences, and his poetry has been appreciated by diverse communities, including Azeris, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Iranians. The significance of his legacy lies in the way his poetry transcends national borders, promoting ideals that resonate with people across various ethnicities and cultural backgrounds.
Early Life and Influences. Magtymguly was born in the Etrek Valley in what is now Turkmenistan, into a family with a strong tradition of scholarship. His father, Dowletmammet Azady, was a respected scholar and poet, and Magtymguly followed in his footsteps, receiving a comprehensive education in both religious and secular subjects. His early education in Persian, Arabic, and Chagatai languages enriched his worldview and provided him with access to a wide array of philosophical and literary traditions. He was particularly influenced by Sufism, which can be seen in his deep spiritual reflections on life, humanity, and morality.
Literary Contributions. Magtymguly's poetry is known for its aice for the oppressed and marginalized in
