CC BY
2
УДК 1
Худайберенова Г. А.,
преподаватель Матякубова Л. Р., преподаватель Аннагылыджов Ш. Д.,
преподаватель
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммета Азади THE FOUNT OF WISDOM IN THE WORKS OF MAGTYMGULY FRAGI: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Abstract
Magtymguly Fragi, an 18th-century Turkmen poet and philosopher, is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Turkmen literature. His work, often referred to as the "Fount of Wisdom," Encompasses a vast range of topics, from ethics and morality to national identity and spiritual depth. This article explores the philosophical underpinnings of Fragi's poetry, focusing on the ways in which his wisdom has permeated both Turkmen culture and global thought. By analyzing key works, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the unique blend of Sufi mysticism, folk wisdom, and social commentary found in Fragi's corpus.
Introduction: Magtymguly Fragi (1733-1790), born in the turbulent socio-political context of Central Asia, is renowned not only for his poetic brilliance but also for his deep philosophical insights. His poetry, though accessible to common people, carries layers of complex thought, much of which stems from his engagement with Sufi traditions and his concern for the moral and ethical wellbeing of society. This "Fount of Wisdom" found in his verses is an essential aspect of his work, reflecting the struggles of the Turkmen people and his vision for unity and moral progress.
Philosophical and Ethical Foundations: At the heart of Fragi's poetry lies a concern for ethical living, which he frames within the broader context of Sufism, an Islamic mystical tradition. His work often emphasizes the transitory nature of life, the importance of humility, and the pursuit of spiritual knowledge. For instance, in one of his famous poems, he writes:
"O seeker, in this fleeting world, do not cling to gold or silver, For all wealth and riches turn to dust, only truth remains eternal."
This passage highlights Fragi's belief in the superiority of spiritual over material wealth, a common theme in Sufi poetry. However, Fragi's approach is not purely ascetic. While he advocates for spiritual enrichment, he also calls for a responsible engagement with worldly affairs, including a strong sense of justice and loyalty to one's people.
The Role of National Identity: One of Fragi's most distinctive contributions to Turkmen literature is his articulation of a national identity rooted in cultural and moral values. Living in a time when Turkmen tribes were often fragmented and embroiled in conflict, Fragi envisioned a unified Turkmen nation. His poetry frequently calls for unity and solidarity, grounded in shared values and traditions. His verse, infused with a deep love for his homeland, became a rallying cry for many seeking to establish a coherent Turkmen identity. In his poem "Turkmenistanym", he writes: "O my beloved Turkmenistan, the land of pride and honor, Let not your sons be divided by selfish desires, For united, we stand tall, and scattered, we fall."
This expression of love for his homeland and concern for unity speaks not only to the political struggles of his time but also to the eternal human desire for belonging and community.
Sufi Mysticism in Fragi's Work: Fragi's engagement with Sufi mysticism is evident throughout his poetry.
Influenced by great Sufi poets like Rumi and Attar, Fragi weaves metaphysical themes into his work, using nature, love, and longing as metaphors for the soul's journey toward God. His poetry reflects the idea that the material world is an illusion, and true reality lies in the divine. Yet, Fragi's Sufism is practical and grounded in the everyday concerns of the Turkmen people, addressing not only personal enlightenment but also communal harmony.
One of his poems reads:
"The rose blooms only for a short while,
But the fragrance of love endures forever,
Seek not the flower, O traveler, but the essence."
Here, Fragi draws attention to the fleeting nature of worldly pleasures and urges his readers to focus on the eternal, which he identifies as love and spiritual enlightenment.
Social Commentary and Critique: While Magtymguly's work is deeply spiritual, it is also a form of social commentary. He often critiques corruption, injustice, and moral decay in the ruling elite. In some of his most biting verses, Fragi calls out leaders who fail to live up to the ethical and moral standards required of them. His criticism is never for the sake of condemnation but rather serves as a call for self-improvement and societal reform.
Conclusion: Magtymguly Fragi's poetry, often described as a "Fount of Wisdom," transcends its historical and geographical context, offering timeless insights into the nature of human existence, morality, and societal well-being. His unique blend of Sufi mysticism, ethical thought, and social critique continues to resonate with readers today, offering guidance for both personal and communal life. In a world marked by division and materialism, Fragi's call for spiritual enrichment, national unity, and ethical leadership remains as relevant as ever. His legacy not only shapes Turkmen identity but also contributes to the broader canon of world literature and philosophy.
Fragi's wisdom, embedded in the rich cultural and religious traditions of Central Asia, ensures his lasting impact on the intellectual and spiritual life of the Turkmen people. His voice, speaking of unity, love, and justice, will continue to inspire future generations, serving as a beacon of hope and a reminder of the enduring power of wisdom in an ever-changing world. Literature:
1. Amanov, Oraz. Magtymguly: Poet of the Turkmen. Ashgabat: Turkmenistan State Publishing House, 2008.
2. Kadyrov, Mukhammed. "The Influence of Sufism on Magtymguly Fragi's Poetry." Journal of Central Asian Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, 2015, pp. 55-67.
© Xyg,aM6epeHOBa r. A., MaTAKy6oBa P., AHHarbmbigwoB LU. fl., 2024
