CC BY
6УДК 82
Sabyrova O.
Seidnazar Seydi Turkmen State Pedagogical Institute (Turkmenabat, Turkmenistan)
MAGTYMGULY AS THE FOUNDER OF TURKMEN LITERATURE:
CONTRIBUTION AND LEGACY
Аннотация: article examines the role of Magtymguly as the founder of Turkmen literature, analyzes his contribution to the development of national consciousness and cultural identity of the Turkmen people. The main themes of his work are examined, including philosophical reflections, social criticism and patriotism, as well as the influence of his poetry on subsequent generations of Turkmen poets and writers. The significance of Magtymguly's heritage is assessed in the context of world literature and cultural heritage of Turkmenistan.
Ключевые слова: Magtymguly, Turkmen literature, philosophy, social criticism, patriotism, national identity, cultural heritage.
Magtymguly Pyragy, often hailed as the founder of Turkmen literature, occupies a paramount place in the cultural and literary history of Turkmenistan. Born in 1733 in the village of Haji Gowan, in what is now Turkmenistan, Magtymguly was the son of the poet Dowletmammet Azady. He received his initial education from his father and later attended various madrasahs in Khiva and Bukhara, where he mastered Persian, Arabic, and Uzbek languages. This diverse linguistic and cultural education profoundly influenced his literary output, providing him with a rich tapestry of themes and motifs drawn from classical Eastern literature.
Magtymguly's poetry is renowned for its depth and breadth, addressing a wide array of topics including philosophy, religion, social issues, and patriotism. His philosophical and religious musings often explore the nature of existence, justice, and spiritual values, reflecting his deep Islamic faith and the intellectual milieu of his time. He utilized religious imagery and themes not just to express personal piety but to
critique societal norms and injustices. This dual function of his poetry—both devotional and reformist—highlighted the moral and ethical responsibilities of individuals and rulers alike.
Social criticism is another prominent feature of Magtymguly's work. He lived during a tumultuous period marked by tribal conflicts and foreign invasions, which deeply affected his vision of society. Through his verses, Magtymguly critiqued the corruption, inequality, and oppression that plagued his community. His poignant reflections on social justice and his calls for fairness and equality resonate with the timeless human quest for a just society. These critiques were not merely abstract contemplations but urgent appeals to the conscience of his contemporaries, urging them to strive for a more equitable social order.
Patriotism is a central theme in Magtymguly's oeuvre. His love for his homeland and his people is evident in his lyrical descriptions of Turkmen landscapes and his evocative portrayals of Turkmen life. He envisioned a unified Turkmenistan, free from internal strife and external domination. This vision of unity and national pride was revolutionary at a time when tribal divisions were rife. Magtymguly's poetry inspired a sense of national identity and pride among the Turkmen people, fostering a collective consciousness that transcended tribal loyalties.
Magtymguly's contribution to Turkmen literature cannot be overstated. He not only pioneered the use of the Turkmen language in literary expression but also elevated it to a medium capable of conveying complex and profound ideas. Prior to Magtymguly, much of the literary work in the region was composed in Persian or Arabic, which were considered the languages of high culture and scholarship. By writing in Turkmen, Magtymguly democratized literature, making it accessible to a broader audience and ensuring that his ideas could resonate deeply within his community.
The legacy of Magtymguly extends beyond his literary innovations. He laid the foundation for a national literature that has continued to grow and evolve. Subsequent generations of Turkmen poets and writers have drawn inspiration from his works, finding in his poetry a source of cultural pride and a touchstone for their own creative
endeavors. His influence is evident in the way contemporary Turkmen literature reflects on themes of national identity, social justice, and philosophical inquiry.
Magtymguly's works have transcended the boundaries of Turkmenistan, earning recognition and admiration on the global stage. His poetry has been translated into numerous languages, allowing international audiences to appreciate the richness of Turkmen literary heritage. This global recognition has also helped to secure Magtymguly's place in the broader context of world literature, highlighting the universal appeal of his themes and the timeless quality of his poetic expression.
In contemporary Turkmenistan, Magtymguly is revered not only as a literary figure but as a symbol of national unity and cultural heritage. His life and works are celebrated annually on Magtymguly Pyragy Day, and his legacy is enshrined in monuments, educational institutions, and cultural organizations bearing his name. The reverence for Magtymguly is a testament to his enduring impact on Turkmen culture and identity.
In conclusion, Magtymguly Pyragy stands as a towering figure in Turkmen literature, whose contributions have shaped the national consciousness and enriched the cultural heritage of Turkmenistan. His profound philosophical insights, incisive social critiques, and passionate patriotism continue to inspire and resonate with readers both within and beyond Turkmenistan. Through his works, Magtymguly not only articulated the aspirations and struggles of his people but also laid the groundwork for a national literature that remains vibrant and influential to this day. His legacy is a testament to the power of poetry to transcend time and space, touching the hearts and minds of successive generations.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Allamberdiyev, A. "Magtymguly Fragi—Philosopher of the People." Central Asian Survey 18, no. 4 (1999): 541-550;
2. Bashir, Shahzad, and Yuksel Soylemez. "Magtymguly Pyragy: An Eighteenth-Century Turkmen Poet and His Works." International Journal of Central Asian Studies 11 (2006): 109-124;
3. Esenova, Gulsifat. "Magtymguly and His Place in the National Literature of Turkmenistan." Turkmen Dili 2 (2015): 92-97;
4. Gundogdyev, Ashir. Magtymguly Pyragy: Life, Personality, Creativity. Magtymguly Institute of Language, Literature and National Manuscripts, 2010
