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adds complexity to his poetry, balancing the idealized image of women as moral exemplars with a more grounded recognition of their struggles.
Conclusion. The portrayal of women in Magtymguly Pyragy's poetry is multifaceted, encompassing themes of virtue, spirituality, social responsibility, and resilience. Women in his work are not mere secondary characters but play central roles in shaping the moral, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of society. Through his idealization of women as symbols of virtue and loyalty, Magtymguly reflects the cultural values of Turkmen society, while also acknowledging the emotional and social struggles they endure. Literature:
1. Bregel, Y. - The Turkic Peoples of Central Asia: Their Historical and Cultural Heritage
2. DeWeese, D. - Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tukles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition
© ryp6aHMaMMeg,oBa r., AMaHMyxaMMegoBa A., 2024
УДК 39
Гутлыева Э.,
преподаватель Гельдимырадова С.,
преподаватель
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммеда Азади MAGTYMGULY FRAGI: A LEGACY THAT UNITES PEOPLES Abstract
Magtymguly Fragi, an 18th-century Turkmen poet and philosopher, holds a special place in the cultural and literary history of Central Asia. His poetry is more than just an expression of personal and national identity; it has served as a bridge uniting various Turkic-speaking peoples and other nations in the region. This article explores the life, work, and enduring legacy of Magtymguly, emphasizing his influence not only on Turkmen society but also on neighboring cultures. His universal themes of justice, freedom, and the human spirit continue to resonate across borders, contributing to a shared cultural heritage in the region.
Introduction. Magtymguly Fragi, born around 1733, is often regarded as the father of Turkmen literature. His literary contributions have transcended time and space, making him an emblem of cultural unity for many peoples in Central Asia. Although deeply rooted in the Turkmen tradition, his works speak to universal human experiences, and his poetry has been appreciated by diverse communities, including Azeris, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Iranians. The significance of his legacy lies in the way his poetry transcends national borders, promoting ideals that resonate with people across various ethnicities and cultural backgrounds.
Early Life and Influences. Magtymguly was born in the Etrek Valley in what is now Turkmenistan, into a family with a strong tradition of scholarship. His father, Dowletmammet Azady, was a respected scholar and poet, and Magtymguly followed in his footsteps, receiving a comprehensive education in both religious and secular subjects. His early education in Persian, Arabic, and Chagatai languages enriched his worldview and provided him with access to a wide array of philosophical and literary traditions. He was particularly influenced by Sufism, which can be seen in his deep spiritual reflections on life, humanity, and morality.
Literary Contributions. Magtymguly's poetry is known for its aice for the oppressed and marginalized in
society. At the same time, his works address universal human emotions, such as love, sorrow, and longing, which allowed his poetry to resonate with a wide audience beyond the Turkmen people.
One of the defining features of Magtymguly's poetry is his use of the Turkmen vernacular, which was a deliberate choice to make his works accessible to the common people. Prior to Magtymguly, much of the region's literature was written in Persian or Chagatai, languages that were largely inaccessible to the average Turkmen. By writing in his native language, Magtymguly not only elevated the Turkmen language to a literary standard but also ensured that his messages of social justice and national pride could be heard and understood by the masses.
Themes of Unity and Freedom. Magtymguly's poetry often emphasizes the importance of unity among the Turkmen tribes. During his lifetime, Turkmen society was fragmented, with various tribes often in conflict with one another. Magtymguly's vision of a united Turkmenistan was revolutionary, and his calls for unity continue to resonate with people today. His poem "Let Us Unite" (Birleshik) remains a powerful symbol of solidarity, not only for the Turkmen people but for other Turkic-speaking peoples as well.
Beyond tribal unity, Magtymguly's poetry also advocates for freedom from foreign domination. He lived during a time when the Turkmen territories were frequently subjected to external invasions, and his works reflect a longing for independence and self-determination. In this regard, Magtymguly's poetry is not just a reflection of his time but also a timeless call for liberty that has inspired movements for national independence throughout Central Asia.
Cultural and Regional Impact. Magtymguly's influence extends beyond the borders of Turkmenistan. His poetry has been widely read and appreciated by Turkic-speaking peoples across Central Asia, including in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan. His works have been translated into many languages, and his legacy continues to inspire poets and writers in the region. In Iran, where a significant population of ethnic Turkmens resides, Magtymguly's poetry has become an integral part of the cultural fabric. His themes of unity and justice resonate deeply in a region that has seen ethnic and political divisions for centuries. Magtymguly's poetry, therefore, acts as a bridge that connects various cultures and ethnicities, fostering a sense of shared heritage among the diverse peoples of the region.
Global Significance. While Magtymguly's poetry is deeply rooted in the context of Central Asia, its universal themes have found resonance globally. His works address the human condition, speaking to the innate desire for freedom, justice, and unity that transcends national and ethnic boundaries. In this sense, Magtymguly Fragi is not only a poet of the Turkmen people but a voice for all of humanity.
His legacy continues to inspire poets, writers, and thinkers worldwide. Academic interest in Magtymguly's works has grown in recent years, with scholars recognizing his contribution to world literature. His poetry has been the subject of numerous academic studies and international conferences, further cementing his status as a global cultural icon.
Conclusion. Magtymguly Fragi's legacy is one of profound cultural unity and universal values. His contributions to literature and philosophy have left an indelible mark on not only the Turkmen people but also the wider Turkic world and beyond. His poetry, with its timeless themes of justice, freedom, and unity, continues to inspire new generations, serving as a reminder that art and literature can bridge the divides between peoples and cultures.
In today's world, where divisions based on ethnicity, nationality, and religion persist, the legacy of Magtymguly Fragi remains as relevant as ever. His vision of a united, just, and peaceful world is a powerful message that transcends time and geography, uniting peoples through shared cultural and human values.
Literature:
1. Amanov, A. - Magtymguly and the Turkmen Literary Tradition
2. Bregel, Y. - The Turkic Peoples of Central Asia: Their Historical and Cultural Heritage
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