CC BY
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УДК 39
Гараева О.О.,
старший преподаватель Мередова А.Х.,
преподаватель
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммета Азади THE NEIGHBORING CULTURES IN MAGTYMGULY'S POETRY
Abstract
Magtymguly Fragi, a preeminent Turkmen poet and thinker of the 18th century, is often hailed for his contribution to Turkmen literature and national identity. However, a closer examination of his work reveals a broader cultural awareness, in which neighboring peoples and their traditions are reflected. This article explores the representation of neighboring cultures in Magtymguly's poetry, demonstrating how his verses engage with and respond to the diverse cultural landscape of Central Asia. His work, written in the Turkmen vernacular, is not only a celebration of Turkmen heritage but also a recognition of the interconnectedness of different Turkic, Persian, and other regional influences.
Introduction. Magtymguly Fragi (1733-1782) is a central figure in Turkmen cultural history, known for his poetic works that express deep national sentiment and aspirations for the unity of the Turkmen people. His poetry is also marked by its reflection of the broader Central Asian cultural and political landscape, incorporating themes and motifs from neighboring cultures. This article examines how Magtymguly's poetry addresses the interaction between Turkmen culture and that of the neighboring peoples, such as the Persians, Uzbeks, and other Turkic communities. Through his work, Magtymguly promotes the values of cultural dialogue, mutual respect, and shared spiritual and ethical ideals, highlighting the complex interrelations between these cultures.
Magtymguly's Cultural Landscape. Magtymguly lived during a period of political and social instability, where the Turkmen tribes were scattered and often in conflict with other regional powers. His life was shaped by the interactions with neighboring cultures, particularly the Persianate cultural sphere, which dominated much of the intellectual and literary life in Central Asia at the time. Magtymguly was well-versed in Persian literature and philosophy, as well as the broader Islamic intellectual tradition, which is evident in his work.
In his poetry, Magtymguly frequently alludes to Persian literary figures such as Saadi and Hafiz, whose works were influential across Central Asia. He also drew on the themes of justice, ethics, and spirituality that were central to Persian Sufi thought. This incorporation of Persian influences into his Turkmen-language poetry underscores the cultural fluidity of the region, where ideas and literary forms transcended ethnic and linguistic boundaries.
The Influence of Persian Culture. One of the most prominent influences in Magtymguly's poetry is Persian culture, particularly its literary and Sufi traditions. Magtymguly's use of Persian metaphors and his familiarity with Persian poetic forms, such as the ghazal and the rubaiyat, show his deep engagement with Persian intellectual heritage. For instance, in his spiritual poems, Magtymguly often reflects on the human soul's journey toward divine unity, a central theme in Persian Sufi poetry. His portrayal of love, both earthly and divine, resonates with the works of Persian poets like Rumi and Attar, indicating a shared spiritual quest across these cultures.
Moreover, the philosophical and ethical concerns in Magtymguly's poetry echo those of the Persian intellectual tradition. In his reflections on justice and morality, Magtymguly often invokes Islamic ideals of fairness and righteousness, which were deeply influenced by Persian political and moral philosophy. However, he adapts these ideas to the context of the Turkmen people, advocating for tribal unity and social cohesion.
Interaction with Turkic Cultures. Magtymguly's poetry also reflects the rich interaction between the Turkmen and other Turkic peoples, such as the Uzbeks, Kazakhs, and Azeris. The shared linguistic and cultural heritage among these groups created a fertile ground for the exchange of ideas and literary traditions. Magtymguly's use of the Turkmen vernacular was a deliberate choice to elevate the language to a literary medium, but his themes and expressions found resonance among the broader Turkic world.
In particular, Magtymguly's calls for unity and national consciousness were not limited to the Turkmen people but extended to a broader Turkic audience. His poetry often lamented the disunity and internal strife that plagued the region, a sentiment that could be applied to many Turkic communities who faced similar challenges during the period. His vision of a united Turkmenistan mirrored the aspirations of other Turkic peoples for political and cultural solidarity.
Magtymguly's poetry also includes references to shared Turkic myths, legends, and historical figures, emphasizing the common cultural foundation that united these communities. By invoking these shared cultural markers, Magtymguly positioned the Turkmen as part of a larger Turkic world, while also highlighting their unique contributions to this cultural mosaic.
Conclusion. Magtymguly Fragi's poetry serves as a testament to the rich cultural interactions that characterized Central Asia in the 18th century. His work reflects a deep engagement with neighboring cultures, particularly the Persian and Turkic traditions, while maintaining a strong sense of Turkmen identity. Through his poetry, Magtymguly not only celebrated the Turkmen people but also recognized the interconnectedness of the region's diverse cultures, advocating for unity, justice, and spiritual fulfillment across national and ethnic boundaries. His legacy continues to inspire and unite peoples in the region, making him a truly transcendent figure in Central Asian literary and cultural history.
Literature:
1. Amanov, A. - Magtymguly and the Turkmen Literary Tradition
2. Bregel, Y. - The Turkic Peoples of Central Asia: Their Historical and Cultural Heritage
3. DeWeese, D. - Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition
© rapaeBa O.O., MepegoBa A.X., 2024
УДК 39
Гурбанмаммедова Г.,
преподаватель Аманмухаммедова А.,
студентка
Туркменского национального института мировых языков имени Довлетмаммета Азади THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE POETRY OF MAGTYMGULY PYRAGY
Introduction. Magtymguly Pyragy (1724-1807), the celebrated Turkmen poet and thinker, is widely regarded as the voice of the Turkmen people. His works are revered for their portrayal of the social, ethical, and political dynamics of his time. While much of Magtymguly's poetry addresses themes of justice, nationhood, and morality, the depiction of women holds a significant place in his oeuvre. This article explores the representation of women in Magtymguly's poetry, focusing on how they embody cultural, ethical, and familial ideals within the
