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experience and imagination - on features of perception, motor activity and culture, on the one hand, and properties of a metaphor, метонимии and mental figurativeness - with another. Used Literature:
1. Rosch E. Principles of categorization. / Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale. - N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1975, p. 57.
2. Lakoff G. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about the Mind. - Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 67.
3. Daniyeva M.Dj. Methods and tools for assessing student competencies// Current research journal of philological sciences. Vol. 05. issue 10. P. 19-24
© Боборажабова Ф.П., 2024
УДК: 80. 801. 3310
Daniyeva M. J.,
Doctor of Sciences in Philology, professor of the University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IS THE STUDY OF LANGUAGES IN CONVERSATIONS
Abstract
The article deals with the problems in the field of sociolinguistics: what it means to 'know' a language, the nature of differences across and within languages, the importance of social group membership in language use, and different ideas about the relationship between the worldviews of these groups and the languages they speak.
Keywords
sociolinguistics, language, speech, social construction, identities, relationship, culture
Даниева М.Дж.,
Доктор филологических наук, Профессор Университета Экономики и педагогики, г. Карши, республика Узбекистан
СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИКА — ЭТО ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКОВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОБЩЕНИЯ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются проблемы в области социолингвистики: что значит «знать» язык, природу различий между языками и внутри них, значимость принадлежности к социальной группе в использовании языка, а также различные представления о взаимосвязи между мировоззрением этих групп и языками, на которых они говорят.
Ключевые слова
социолингвистика, язык, речь, социальная конструкция, идентичности, взаимоотношение, культура.
Sociolinguistics is the study of our everyday lives - how language works in our casual conversations and the media we are exposed to, and the presence of societal norms, policies, and laws which address language. Since you are reading this book, you may already have some idea what the study of sociolinguistics entails; you may already have an interest in, and knowledge about, regional dialects, multilingualism, language policy, or non-
sexist language. And we will cover all of these topics, along with many others - what social class and ethnicity might have to do with language use, why we do not always 'say what we mean,' the role of language in education.
But we would like to encourage readers to approach the study of sociolinguistics not as a collection of facts, but as a way of viewing the world around you. In sociolinguistics, we seek to analyze data so that we can make generalizations about language in society, but also to question both our findings and the very process of doing research. Take, for instance, the topic of nicknames. We could investigate this sociolinguistic phenomenon by surveying people about their nicknames and also observing or recording interactions in which they are addressed by close friends and family members. We might find, indeed, that the men in our study are often called nicknames, while the women rarely are. But we would like to go deeper than this generalization; why do we ask this question in the first place? Why do we assume that the categories of 'men' and 'women' are socially relevant? What is it about nicknames that makes using them, or not using them, significant social behavior? And even if most men are called by a nickname and most women are not, how do we explain the existence of individual men who do not have nicknames, and the individual women who do?
Thus, while in sociolinguistics we do analyze speech with the goal of making generalizations, we also question these generalizations and examine how they, in turn, influence how we use language. In short, sociolinguistics is not a study of facts (e.g., men call each other nicknames) but the study of ideas about how societal norms are intertwined with our language use.
We will come back to these points repeatedly: language, society, and sociolinguistic research findings must all be viewed in their social contexts, interpreted, and redefined. To begin, however, we will offer a starting point for discussing language in society. By society, we mean a group of people who are drawn together for a certain purpose or purposes; this is a rather vague and broad term, and throughout this book we will be engaged in discussing how to draw meaningful boundaries around a group of speakers for the purposes of studying their language. We use the term language to mean a system of linguistic communication particular to a group; this includes spoken, written, and signed modes of communication. Used Literature:
1. Daniyeva M.Dj. The external structure of the text is a set of Properties connecting literary content with reality// Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research. India, Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2023. - P. 11-17.
2. Graddol, D. (2004). The Future of Language. Science 303: 1329-31.
3. Harrison, K. D. (2007). When Languages Die. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Hayes-Rivas, J. J. (2004). One World Scientific Language? Science 304: 1243.
© flaHMeBa M.flw., 2024
УДК: 80. 801. 3310
Egamurotova M. N.
4 th-year student of University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan Scientific supervisor: prof. Daniyeva M. J.,
Doctor of Sciences in Philology, University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
PROBLEMS OF INTONATION IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Abstract
The article deals with one of the most actual problems of present day phonetics, that is the analysis
