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exclude the possibility of its being attached to a "plural" noun.lexical meaning of the in Modern English is a pale shadow of its original demonstrative meaning.Generallexico-grammatical meaning of these words, as usual, is not identical with their individual lexical meanings. It abstracts itself from the meaning of "oneness" in a(n) and the "demonstrative" meaning in the. Perhaps, the names of the articles ("definite", "indefinite") denote the nearest approach to this lexico-grammatical meaning, which, for lack of a better term, might be defined as that of "definiteness-indefiniteness".article is a form word that serves as a noun determiner. It is one of the main means of conveying the idea of definiteness and indefiniteness suggests that the object presented by the following noun is individualized and singled out from all the other objects of the same kind, whereas indefiniteness means a more general reference to an object. Lexical meaning of the English articles is determined by its historical development. That is why after considering the historical development of the English articles their rendering into Uzbek and Russian becomes obvious. Under the influence of the historical processes that took place both in phonetical and grammatical structure of the English language the article as a part of speech has undergone major changes. Its origin goes deep into the history of the English language both definite and indefinite articles. This explains the fact that when translating articles we get equivalents (in other languages) of various types. That is why we consider it necessary to present all stages of the historical formation of the English article. The Article is a determining unit of a specific nature accompanying the noun in communicative collocation. Its special character is clearly seen against the background of determining words of half-notional semantics. Whereas the function of the determiners such as this, any, some is to explicitly interpret the referent of the noun in relation to other objects or phenomena of a like kind, the semantic purpose of the article is to specify the nounal referent, as it were, altogether unostentatiously, to define it in the most general way, without any explicitly expressed contrasts becomes obvious when we take the simplest examples ready at hand. Cf.: Will you give me this pen, Willy? (i.e. the pen that I am pointing out, not one of your choice.) - Will you give me the pen, please? (i.e. simply the pen from the desk, you understand which). Used Literature:
1. Рейман Е. А. Английский артикль: Коммуникативная функция. - Л.: Наука, 1988. - 116 с.
2. Khaimovich B., Rogovskaya I. A course in English Grammar.- M.: Pravda, 1967. - 298 p.
© Баратова Д. Ш., 2024
УДК: 80. 801. 3310
Boborajabova F.P.
4 th-year student of University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan Scientific supervisor: prof. Daniyeva M. J.,
Doctor of Sciences in Philology, University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
THE PROBLEM OF THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF GENDER IN MODERN ENGLISH
Abstract
The article deals with the study of the ways of expressing of grammatical category of gender in modern English and its teaching linguocultural aspect, which presents a certain interest both for the theoretical investigation and for the practical language use. Language is a means of forming and storing ideas as reflections of reality and exchanging them in the process of human intercourse. Language is social by nature; it is inseparably
connected with the people who are its creators and users; it grows and develops together with the development of society.
Keywords
сategory, grammatical gender, case, linguocultural aspect, essential problem, formation.
Боборажабова Ф.П.
студентка 4 курса Университета Экономики и педагогики, г. Карши, Узбекистан Научный руководитель: проф. Даниева М.Дж.,
Доктор филологических наук, Университет Экономики и педагогики, г. Карши, Узбекистан
ПРОБЛЕМА ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ РОДА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Аннотация
Статья посвящена изучению способов выражения грамматической категории рода в современном английском языке и его лингвокультурному аспекту, что представляет интерес как для теоретического исследования, так и для практического применения языка. Язык является средством формирования и хранения идей как отражений реальности и их обмена в процессе человеческого общения. Язык социальен по своей природе; он неразрывно связан с людьми, которые являются его создателями и пользователями; он растет и развивается вместе с развитием общества.
Ключевые слова
категория, грамматический род, падеж, лингвокультурный аспект, важная проблема, формирование.
Science development about language at the present stage can be divided into two stages: the first - structural linguistics (where particular attention is given to a problem of a language categorisation); the second - linguistics as the special social study studying language as a transmission medium of cultural-historical traditions. Occurrence of the new disciplines representing synthesis of linguistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology and other sciences has resulted, including, and to occurrence of new approaches to a problem of a language categorisation, most perspective of which is cognitive approach.
Category is one of the most complicated concepts of a linguistic science. Almost all known linguistic theories are based on various principles of ordering of language elements with the subsequent allocation of classes, groups on the basis of any general property. In spite of the fact that often categorization of things is carried out on the basis of generalization, researchers have come to a conclusion that categorization process is arranged more difficult. According to J. Lakoff the categorization provides normal functioning of thinking, perception, activity and speech of the person. When the person reflected on classes of substances (things) -chairs, the nations, illnesses, emotions and in general about any versions of things - he addresses to categories. Out of ability to a categorization the person could not function in general - neither in a material world, nor in a social and intellectual life. Studying of processes of a categorization all-important for any approaches to understanding of how the person thinks and as it operates (function), and, hence, without it is impossible comprehension of that does us by people. However the considerable part of categories of thinking cannot be carried to categories of things, they are categories abstract сущностей. We categorise events, actions, emotions, spatial and social relations, and also abstract concepts of the most various types: the governments, diseases, elements of scientific and naive theories, such, as electronics and a cold. Any adequate model of human experience should be based on the theory which precisely describes all our categories - both concrete, and distracted. The offered by J. Lakoff the approach to the theory of prototypes is based on the assumption that mental procedure of a categorization inherent in the person in substantive degrees leans against human
experience and imagination - on features of perception, motor activity and culture, on the one hand, and properties of a metaphor, метонимии and mental figurativeness - with another. Used Literature:
1. Rosch E. Principles of categorization. / Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale. - N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1975, p. 57.
2. Latoff G. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. What Categories Reveal about the Mind. - Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 67.
3. Daniyeva M.Dj. Methods and tools for assessing student competencies// Current research journal of philological sciences. Vol. 05. issue 10. P. 19-24
© Боборажабова Ф.П., 2024
УДК: 80. 801. 3310
Daniyeva M. J.,
Doctor of Sciences in Philology, professor of the University of Economics and Pedagogy, Karshi city, Republic of Uzbekistan
SOCIOLINGUISTICS IS THE STUDY OF LANGUAGES IN CONVERSATIONS
Abstract
The article deals with the problems in the field of sociolinguistics: what it means to 'know' a language, the nature of differences across and within languages, the importance of social group membership in language use, and different ideas about the relationship between the worldviews of these groups and the languages they speak.
Keywords
sociolinguistics, language, speech, social construction, identities, relationship, culture
Даниева М.Дж.,
Доктор филологических наук, Профессор Университета Экономики и педагогики, г. Карши, республика Узбекистан
СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИКА — ЭТО ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКОВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОБЩЕНИЯ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются проблемы в области социолингвистики: что значит «знать» язык, природу различий между языками и внутри них, значимость принадлежности к социальной группе в использовании языка, а также различные представления о взаимосвязи между мировоззрением этих групп и языками, на которых они говорят.
Ключевые слова
социолингвистика, язык, речь, социальная конструкция, идентичности, взаимоотношение, культура.
Sociolinguistics is the study of our everyday lives - how language works in our casual conversations and the media we are exposed to, and the presence of societal norms, policies, and laws which address language. Since you are reading this book, you may already have some idea what the study of sociolinguistics entails; you may already have an interest in, and knowledge about, regional dialects, multilingualism, language policy, or non-
