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Russian, Persian, and English. Terms such as bank and investisiya (investment) demonstrate this borrowing trend. Comparative Analysis
Structural Differences. English economic terms tend to use compound words and acronyms, while Turkmen frequently employs descriptive expressions. For instance, interest rate in English corresponds to prosent derejesi in Turkmen, where the term is explained through a phrase rather than a single compound word. Semantic Nuances.
Semantic discrepancies between English and Turkmen terms often arise due to cultural and economic differences. For example, the concept of free market in English carries ideological connotations rooted in Western economic theory, which may not align with the centralized economic models historically prevalent in Turkmenistan.
Challenges in Translation.
The translation of economic terms between English and Turkmen faces challenges due to differing grammatical systems and conceptual frameworks. Terms such as hedging or quantitative easing may lack direct equivalents in Turkmen, requiring paraphrasing or explanations. Globalization and Language Adaptation.
The integration of global economic practices has significantly impacted both languages. English continues to contribute new terms, while Turkmen adapts by incorporating foreign words or coining new ones. Institutions like Turkmenistan's Academy of Sciences play a role in standardizing terminology to ensure clarity and consistency.
Conclusion. The comparative study of economic terms in English and Turkmen reveals the profound influence of linguistic, cultural, and economic factors. While English excels in brevity and adaptability, Turkmen emphasizes descriptive clarity and cultural relevance. Understanding these features is crucial for effective communication in international economic contexts. Future research could focus on developing comprehensive bilingual glossaries and exploring the role of technology in bridging linguistic gaps. References:
1. Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language. Cambridge University Press.
2. Kokge, F. (2020). Turkic Linguistic Traditions and Modern Adaptations. Anatolia Press.
3. Turkmen Academy of Sciences. (2021). Standardizing Economic Terminology in Turkmen.
© Akyyeva Y.S., Bashimova M.B., 2024
УДК 37
Alimova S. A.,
instructor. Amanaova A.,
student.
Magtymguly Turkmen State University.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
MAGTYMGULY PYRAGY IS THE GREAT TURKMEN POET Annotation
Magtymguly Pyragy stands as one of the most prominent figures in Turkmen literature, widely regarded as the national poet of Turkmenistan. His contributions to the development of Turkmen language, culture, and
poetry have earned him a place of immense reverence in Central Asian literary traditions. Through his lyrical poetry, Magtymguly expressed themes of love, humanism, social justice, and the philosophical quest for truth. This article explores his life, literary works, and enduring influence, focusing on his innovative use of language, his philosophical outlook, and the cultural and historical context in which he wrote. The article further examines how Magtymguly's legacy continues to shape Turkmen national identity and literature today.
Keywords:
Magtymguly Pyragy, Turkmen literature, Central Asian poetry, national poet, Turkmen identity, philosophical poetry, century literature, cultural heritage.
Magtymguly Pyragy, a towering figure in Turkmen literature, is revered not only for his literary achievements but also for his profound influence on the cultural and intellectual life of Turkmenistan. Living during the 18th century, a time of political instability and social change, Pyragy's poetry provided a voice for the common people and became a tool for the preservation and dissemination of Turkmen cultural identity. His philosophical musings, which often reflect a deep concern for social justice, ethics, and spirituality, continue to resonate with readers today. This article examines Magtymguly Pyragy's life, his contributions to Turkmen literature, and the lasting impact of his works.
Early Life and Historical Context
Magtymguly Pyragy, a towering figure in Turkmen literature, is revered not only for his literary achievements but also for his profound influence on the cultural and intellectual life of Turkmenistan. Living during the XVIII century, a time of political instability and social change, Pyragy's poetry provided a voice for the common people and became a tool for the preservation and dissemination of Turkmen cultural identity. The political and cultural landscape during his lifetime was marked by the decline of the Turkmen tribes' traditional nomadic lifestyle and the rise of Persian, and Russian influences in Central Asia. This turbulent environment profoundly shaped Pyragy's worldview and is reflected in his poetry, which often addresses themes of human suffering, the transient nature of power, and the moral duties of rulers and citizens.
Literary Themes and Style
Magtymguly's poetry is characterized by its deep philosophical inquiry and its lyrical beauty. His works often reflect the rich oral traditions of the Turkmen people, incorporating elements of folklore, folk tales, and religious teachings. His poetry is filled with allegories, metaphors, and spiritual reflections that emphasize the pursuit of knowledge, virtue, and self-realization. While influenced by Sufism, Magtymguly's work also blends elements of Persian, Arabic, and Turkic poetic traditions, making it a unique synthesis of Central Asian cultural influences.
Love and Humanism
One of the central themes in Pyragy's poetry is the concept of love, both earthly and divine. For Pyragy, love is not just an emotion but a transformative force that can lead individuals toward enlightenment and self-improvement. His depiction of love often transcends the romantic, encompassing a broader humanistic vision of compassion, unity, and justice. His emphasis on love as a moral guide also aligns with his advocacy for social justice and the well-being of the community.
Philosophy and Spirituality
Pyragy's work is deeply philosophical, and he is often considered a poet-philosopher who sought to understand the nature of existence, the meaning of life, and the relationship between humans and the divine. His Sufi-influenced poetry reflects a quest for inner peace and the pursuit of spiritual truth. Pyragy's philosophy is grounded in the belief that wisdom and righteousness are key to understanding the world, and he frequently critiques the materialism and corruption of his time.
Social Justice and Critique of Authority
Magtymguly Pyragy's poetry is also marked by his critique of the socio-political conditions of his time. He often addressed issues of tyranny, injustice, and the neglect of the common people by ruling elites. In his poems, Pyragy advocates for a just society, where rulers are responsible for the welfare of their people and the pursuit of truth and justice takes precedence over power and wealth. His critical stance on social and political issues has made him a symbol of resistance and moral integrity.
Influence on Turkmen Literature and Culture
Magtymguly Pyragy's influence on Turkmen literature cannot be overstated. His poetry played a crucial role in the development of the Turkmen language and its literary tradition. Pyragy's use of the Turkmen language, both in its poetic and philosophical aspects, helped to elevate the language as a medium for literary expression and intellectual discourse. As a national poet, his works became central to the cultural identity of the Turkmen people, offering a sense of unity and national pride in the face of foreign domination and political fragmentation.
His influence extends beyond the literary sphere, as his poems have been incorporated into the national consciousness of Turkmenistan. His works are taught in schools, celebrated in public life, and his poems are frequently recited at national events. In contemporary Turkmenistan, Magtymguly is seen as a symbol of national identity, resistance, and the enduring power of cultural heritage.
Magtymguly's Legacy and Modern Relevance
Magtymguly Pyragy's legacy continues to be felt in Turkmenistan and beyond. His poems are still widely read and appreciated not only for their aesthetic beauty but also for their timeless wisdom and moral clarity. In the context of modern Turkmen society, his works are often invoked as a source of inspiration for national unity, social justice, and the promotion of human dignity. The enduring relevance of his poetry highlights his capacity to speak to the universal themes of human existence, love, and morality.
Contemporary scholars and poets in Turkmenistan frequently reference Magtymguly's works, either as a source of inspiration or as a benchmark against which modern Turkmen poetry is measured. His integration of spiritual and social themes into his poetry offers a model for poets seeking to address the complex challenges of the modern world. As Turkmenistan continues to evolve politically and culturally, Magtymguly's works remain an anchor to the nation's historical and literary roots.
Conclusion
Magtymguly Pyragy's poetry transcends time and borders, offering insights into the human condition and the nature of love, justice, and spiritual truth. As a poet, philosopher, and cultural icon, his work continues to inspire and challenge generations of readers and thinkers. Through his unique blend of lyrical beauty, philosophical depth, and social critique, Magtymguly remains a cornerstone of Turkmen literature and an enduring symbol of national pride and intellectual achievement. Through his lyrical poetry, Magtymguly expressed themes of love, humanism, social justice, and the philosophical quest for truth. This article explores his life, literary works, and enduring influence, focusing on his innovative use of language, his philosophical outlook, and the cultural and historical context in which he wrote. The article further examines how Magtymguly's legacy continues to shape Turkmen national identity and literature today. His legacy, deeply intertwined with the cultural identity of Turkmenistan, ensures that his voice will continue to resonate for centuries to come.
References:
1. Garryyev B. Magtymguly. Ashgabat, 1959.
2. Rejali, S. (2002). Sufism and Persian Influence in Turkmen Poetry. Journal of Persian Literature, 19(2).
© Alimova S.A., Amanova A., 2024
