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Translating proverbs well goes beyond just finding the dictionary definition of each word. Here are some key strategies: Focus on meaning, not just words: A literal translation might not convey the true message. Aim for a proverb in the target language that has the same underlying concept and impact as the original. Translating proverbs can be tricky! Here are some effective ways to navigate this: Finding an Equivalent Proverb: This is the ideal scenario. Check if the target language has a proverb conveying the same message and meaning. This ensures cultural relevance and impact. Cultural Adaptation: Sometimes, direct equivalents don't exist. In that case, find a proverb in the target language with a similar message, even if the imagery differs.
Paraphrasing: If a good equivalent isn't available, paraphrase the proverb's meaning in clear, concise language for the target audience. Focus on Function: Proverbs offer wisdom or guidance. Strive to capture the core message and its applicability in the target culture, even if the wording changes. Consider the Audience: Tailor the translation to the target audience's understanding. Avoid obscure references or complex sentence structures.
Literal translation might not work: «Don't cry over spilled milk» in some cultures might have a proverb about missed opportunities.
Think «dynamic equivalence» vs. «formal equivalence»: Formal equivalence focuses on translating the exact wording, which can lead to awkward or nonsensical proverbs in the target language. Dynamic equivalence aims to capture the overall meaning and impact of the proverb, even if the wording changes. This is usually the better approach for proverbs. Proverbs are a valuable source of wisdom and guidance, passed down through generations. They can offer insights into human nature, provide advice on navigating life's challenges, and help us to understand the world around us.
References:
1. Archer Taylor. 1931. The Proverb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2. Neil Norrick. 1985. How Proverbs Mean: Semantic Studies in English Proverbs. Amsterdam: Mouton.
3. Finnegan, Ruth. Oral Literature in Africa. The Saylor Foundation, 1982.
© Aydogdyyeva B.R., 2024
УДК 37
Nurymova K.,
A senior teacher of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Kadyrova A.,
Student of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
CHANGES OF MEANING Annotation
Changes of meaning, also known as semantic change, is a fascinating phenomenon in language. It refers to the way words and phrases evolve over time, gaining new meanings, losing old ones, or shifting subtly in their connotations.
Keywords:
meaning, world, different languages, stage, languages, phrases.
Нурымова К., старший преподаватель Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан Кадырова А., студентка Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СМЫСЛА Аннотация
Изменения значения, также известные как семантические изменения, — увлекательное явление в языке. Это относится к тому, как слова и фразы развиваются с течением времени, приобретая новые значения, теряя старые или слегка меняя свои коннотации.
Ключевые слова: смысл, мир, разные языки, сцена, языки, словосочетания.
Language, a living entity, pulsates with constant change. Its words, like performers on an ever-shifting stage, morph their meanings over time, reflecting the dynamic nature of the world and the societies that wield them. This essay delves into the fascinating phenomenon of changing meaning, exploring its causes, consequences, and the captivating dance it creates between the past and present. One of the primary drivers of semantic shift, as the process is termed, is the evolution of society itself. As technology advances, cultural norms shift, and new ideas emerge, the vocabulary adapts. Take the word «literally,» which once meant «figuratively» but has come to represent «according to the exact meaning.» This reflects our growing need for precision in communication, a stark contrast to the more poetic interpretation of yesteryear. The consequences of changing meaning are multifaceted. While it allows language to remain relevant and reflect the complexities of the modern world, it can also lead to confusion and misinterpretations. Encountering a historical text, one might stumble upon words like «meat» referring to food in general, or «awful» signifying «awe-inspiring,» highlighting the need for context and historical awareness when navigating the nuances of language.
Changes of meaning, also known as semantic change, is a fascinating phenomenon in language. It refers to the way words and phrases evolve over time, gaining new meanings, losing old ones, or shifting subtly in their connotations. This process is constantly happening, shaping language and making it a dynamic system.
Here are some key aspects of changes in meaning:
Types of change:
Broadening: A word's meaning expands to encompass a wider range of things. For example, the word «meat» originally referred to food in general, but now it specifically refers to animal flesh.
Narrowing: A word's meaning becomes more specific. For example, the word «hound» once referred to any dog, but now it refers to a specific breed.
Elevation: A word acquires a more positive connotation. For example, the word «knight» originally referred to a mounted warrior, but now it can also refer to someone who is chivalrous or defends a cause.
Causes of change:
Cultural shifts: As societies and cultures change, the way they use language also changes. New ideas, technologies, and social movements can all lead to changes in the meaning of words.
Metaphor and metonymy: Using figurative language like metaphors and metonymy can lead to new meanings sticking. For example, the term «desktop» originally referred to the physical surface of a desk, but it has come to refer to the graphical interface of a computer due to its metaphorical association.
Euphemism: The use of euphemisms, or milder terms to avoid harsh realities, can lead to the original meaning fading over time. For example, the word «passed away» is a euphemism for «died.»
Understanding changes in meaning is important for several reasons:
It helps us to interpret historical texts and understand the context in which they were written. References:
1. Stern, Gustaf (1931), Meaning and change of meaning with special reference to the English language, Göteborg: Elander
2. Trier, Jost (1931), Der deutsche Wortschatz im Sinnbezirk des Verstandes (dissertation)
3. Ullmann, Stephen (1962), Semantics: An introduction to the science of meaning, Oxford: Blackwell.
© Nurymova K., Kadyrova A., 2024
УДК 37
Tashliyeva O.,
Student of Pedagogical secondary vocational school named after Berdimuhamet Annaev of Arkadag city,
Arkadag, Turkmenistan
INFLUENCE OF CREATIVE WORKS OF MAGTYMGULY PYRAGY TO OUR CULTURE
Annotation
Creative works of Magtymguly Pyragy have had a monumental impact on the development of Turkmen language, literature, and national identity. His influence continues to shape the cultural landscape of Turkmenistan.
Keywords:
Magtymguly Pyragy, poems, development, national culture, monumental, shape.
Ташлиева О.,
Студентка Педагогического среднего профессионального школа имени Бердымухамеда Аннаева города Аркадаг,
Аркадаг, Туркменистан
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВА МАХТУМКУЛИ ФРАГИ НА НАШУ КУЛЬТУРУ
Аннотация
Творчество Махтумкули Фраги оказало колоссальное влияние на развитие туркменского языка, литературы и национального самосознания. Его влияние продолжает формировать культурный ландшафт Туркменистана.
Ключевые слова:
Махтумкули Фраги, стихи, развитие, национальная культура, монументальный, образ.
The creative works of Magtymguly Pyragy, considered the greatest representative of Turkmen literature, have exerted a profound and enduring influence in several key areas:
Magtymguly is credited with pioneering Turkmen written literature in the 18th century. His works, written in a style accessible to the common people, helped standardize and elevate the Turkmen language. This played a crucial role in shaping the national identity and consciousness of the Turkmen people.
Magtymguly lived during a turbulent period marked by political instability and tribal conflicts. He used his
