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sharpens their attention to detail, logical reasoning, and problem-solving abilities, which can benefit them beyond language learning.
It's important to note that effective language teaching methods integrate grammar instruction with real-world communication and practical applications. This ensures learners not only understand the rules but also develop the confidence and fluency to use them effectively in everyday situations. In conclusion, the role of grammar in teaching foreign languages is not singular or absolute. While it provides a valuable foundation and contributes to accurate communication, it's crucial to find a balanced approach that prioritizes meaningful communication and integrates grammar learning seamlessly into the language acquisition process. References:
1. Rundle, Bede. Grammar in Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
2. Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
3. Jeremy Butterfield, (2008). Damp Squid: The English Language Laid Bare, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
© Hezretkuliyeva G., Aydogdyyeva B.R., 2024
УДК 37
Janabayeva L., Ashyrowa A.,
Teachers of department of foreign languages of Magtymguly Turkmen State University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
METODS OF TRANSLATING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES Annotation
In the "translation method," one proceeds by finding equivalent sets of emotion terms in two languages, asking native speakers to judge the similarity of the meanings of the terms, and assessing the degree to which the semantic relationships among the terms are similar for the two languages.
Keywords:
teaching foreign languages, methods of translating, meaning, grammatical structure.
Джанабаева Л., Ашырова А.,
Преподаватели кафедры иностранных языков Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
МЕТОДЫ ПЕРЕВОДА НА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКАХ Аннотация
В «методе перевода» находят эквивалентные наборы терминов, выражающих эмоции, на двух языках, просят носителей языка судить о сходстве значений терминов и оценивают степень сходства семантических отношений между терминами для разных языков. Два языка.
Ключевые слова:
обучение иностранным языкам, методы перевода, значение, грамматический строй.
Some of the methods mentioned by Peter Newmark, in his 'A Textbook of Translalion 'and other scholars are: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, communicative translation, semantic translation, adaptation and free translation.
Translation, the act of rendering text or speech from one language into another, is a complex and nuanced skill that enables communication and cultural exchange across linguistic borders. To bridge the language gap, translators employ various methods, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and suitability for different types of content. In this article, we delve into the major methods of translating foreign languages. Translation method means teaching the target language by translating it into mother tongue or regional language. Each word, sentence or phrase of English is taught by translating it into mother tongue or regional language. Translation is the process of reworking text from one language into another to maintain the original message and communication. But, like everything else, there are different methods of translation, and they vary in form and function.
Direct translation techniques focus on conveying the source language's literal meaning as closely as possible into the target language.
Word-for-Word Translation: The most basic method involves translating each word individually in isolation. While useful for very simple texts or technical terms, it often fails to capture idioms, context, and sentence structure, resulting in awkward or incomprehensible target language text.
Literal Translation: Here, the translator adheres closely to the syntactic structure and word order of the original text. This can preserve nuances but may sound unnatural in the target language if grammatical structures differ significantly.
Borrowing: Some words or phrases don't have direct equivalents in the target language. Borrowing involves integrating the original word or phrase into the target language, potentially with minor adaptations. (Examples: English «software» in many languages, French «weekend»).
Calque: Similar to borrowing, calque is the literal translation of a word or phrase from the source language, creating a new expression in the target language. (Example: French «gratte-ciel» is a calque of English «skyscraper»).
Indirect methods prioritize conveying the overall meaning and intent of the original message, even if it means departing somewhat from the literal text or source language grammar.
Transposition: This technique shifts parts of speech or changes grammatical structures to achieve a more natural flow in the target language. (Example: English «I like swimming» may be translated into German as «Ich schwimme gern,» with the word order shifting).
Modulation: Modulation adjusts the message from the source language perspective to sound natural in the target language. This might involve changing a metaphor, idiom, or viewpoint to resonate with the target culture.
Equivalence: When literal translation fails to capture idiomatic expressions or proverbs, the translator finds an expression in the target language that carries the same weight and meaning. (Example: «It's raining cats and dogs» might be rendered in another language with an equally impactful idiom about heavy rain).
Adaptation: Perhaps the freest method, adaptation involves recreating the essence of the source text in the target language. This is often used in marketing, humor, or creative texts when recreating the cultural context is as important as the literal meaning.
Human vs. Machine Translation: Human translators are essential for capturing nuance, cultural context, and overall meaning. Machine translation (like Google Translate) is improving but best suited for informal communication or getting the gist of a text.
Translation Memory: TMs are databases of previous translations, aiding consistency and efficiency for translators.
Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools: These software suites integrate various resources, including
TMs, glossaries, style guides, and machine translation engines.
The best method is determined by several factors: Text Type: Technical documents may favor literal methods, while marketing slogans might demand adaptation.
Language Pair: Languages with significant structural differences may require greater use of indirect translation techniques.
The most effective translation often blends different techniques. A skilled translator understands the nuances of both source and target language and judiciously chooses the most appropriate methods for accurate, impactful communication. Some students mentioned other internal or self-inflicted problems which could be encountered in the process of translation - insufficient grammatical knowledge, spelling mistakes and mistakes of style (mentioned in 17 essays). The source language sentence structures are not always the same in the target language. Creative translators master challenging techniques to produce a translation that has the same tone and meaning as the source text, considers cultural nuances, and flows nicely. The process begins by reading the source text, translating it, doing several bilingual checks, and then a few monolingual edits. References:
1. Zhou, G. & Niu, X. (2015). Approaches to language teaching and learning. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(4).
2. Hatfield, Gary (1997). Easton, Patricia (ed.). Logic and the Workings of the Mind: The Logic of Ideas and Faculty Psychology in Early Modern Philosophy. Ridgeview Publishing.
3. Bahlsen, Leopold (1905). The Teaching of Modern Languages. Boston: Ginn & Co.
© Janabayeva L., Ashyrowa A., 2024
УДК 37
Meredova G.W., Nurymova K.O., Oraznepesova A.M., Orazdurdyyeva A.O.,
Instructors of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
THE ROLE OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Annotation
Conditional sentences are an indispensable component of effective English language instruction. By delving into these structures, learners unlock new avenues for expression, cultivate critical thinking skills, and gain a deeper understanding of the language's temporal and grammatical complexities.
Keywords:
conditional sentences, structure, meaning, learner, English language.
Мередова Г. В., Нурымова К. О., Оразнепесова А. М., Ораздурдыева А. О.,
Преподаватели
Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
РОЛЬ УСЛОВНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В ОБУЧЕНИИ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Аннотация
Условные предложения являются незаменимым компонентом эффективного обучения
