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A teacher is a professional educator who prepares students to continue their studies to enter the job market by providing knowledge. Teachers can also educate their students in soft skills, such as listening and time management, and hard skills, such as technical knowledge. A good teacher can make a world of difference in a student's life, impacting everything from their classroom learning to their long-term success. If you're considering a career in education - or looking to boost it with a Master of Education (MEd) - it's important to explore the qualities of a good teacher.
Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm are more likely to have engaged, interested and energetic students who are curious about learning the subject matter. Recent research has found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom. Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm, such as demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements which are varied, and emotional facial expressions, result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn. But even while a teacher's enthusiasm has been shown to improve motivation and increase task engagement, it does not necessarily improve learning outcomes or memory for the material. References:
1. Baker, J. A., Terry, T., Bridger, R., & Winsor, A. (1997). Schools as caring communities: A relational approach to school reform. School Psychology Review, 26, 576-588.
2. Bryant, Jennings. 1980. Relationship between college teachers' use of humor in the classroom and students' evaluations of their teachers. Journal of educational psychology. 72, 4.
3. Fraser, B. J., & Fisher, D. L. (1982). Predicting students' outcomes from their perceptions of classroom psychosocial environment. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 498- 518.
© Payzyyev H., 2024
УДК 37
Ymamberdiyeva G.,
Teacher of Magtymguly Turkmen State University.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
THE ROLE OF PRRONOUNS IN SYNTAX Annotation
The main function of pronouns is to replace nouns. Because of this, they are used in sentences in similar ways to nouns. Like nouns, pronouns commonly serve as the subject of a sentence, followed by a verb (a word expressing an action). Examples: Pronouns as subjects I like to play chess.
Keywords:
pronouns, function, subject, object, before.
Ымамбердиева Г., преподаватель Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули.
Ашхабад, Туркменистан.
РОЛЬ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ В СИНТАКСИСЕ Аннотация
Основная функция местоимений - заменять существительные. По этой причине они используются
в предложениях так же, как существительные. Как и существительные, местоимения обычно служат подлежащим в предложении, за которым следует глагол (слово, выражающее действие). Примеры: Местоимения как предметы. Мне нравится играть в шахматы.
Ключевые слова: местоимения, функция, субъект, объект, прежде.
Pronouns are functional elements of language used to replace (or serve the function of) larger phrases. Pronouns do not necessarily replace nouns, but rather the entire linguistic unit associated with a noun. In formal syntactic theories, pronouns are taken to replace a whole noun phrase. Pronouns have different forms according to how they are used in a sentence. Their function or use determines which form or case will be used in a sentence. The three cases of personal pronouns are nominative, objective, and possessive.
Pronouns might seem like simple placeholders, mere stand-ins for nouns, but their role in syntax goes far beyond just avoiding repetition. These linguistic chameleons influence the flow of information, maintain discourse coherence, and even shape the meaning of entire sentences. Let's delve into the fascinating world of pronouns and their syntactic superpowers. At their most basic level, pronouns promote efficiency and fluency in spoken and written language. Imagine every sentence needing every noun repeated; conversations would be clunky and texts, unwieldy. Pronouns step in, elegantly referring back to previously mentioned entities (**anaphora**) or anticipating upcoming ones (**cataphora**). This creates a smooth flow of information and prevents tedious redundancies.
Example: Sarah introduced her friend. He is an artist. (Anaphora)
The winner will be announced soon. We are all excited for them. (Cataphora)
But pronouns do more than just replace nouns. They are intricately linked to the syntactic structure of sentences through mechanisms like binding and agreement. Binding ensures pronouns have clear antecedents within the sentence, establishing semantic relationships.
Pronouns are masters of information packaging, highlighting what's important in a sentence and guiding the listener/reader's attention. By placing pronouns strategically, we can emphasize new information (**foregrounding**) or connect it to what's already established (**backgrounding**). Finally, pronouns play a crucial role in managing discourse coherence. They help us track characters, objects, and ideas across sentences and paragraphs, creating a unified whole.
In conclusion, pronouns are far more than just simple substitutes. They are powerful tools that shape the structure and meaning of our sentences, ensuring clarity, cohesion, and flow. So, the next time you encounter a pronoun, take a moment to appreciate its remarkable contributions to the symphony of language.
Discover how pronouns contribute to various registers and styles of language, from casual conversation to formal writing. So let's dive deeper into the specific functions pronouns fulfill:
1. Avoiding Repetition: This is the most basic function, as mentioned before. Pronouns prevent clunky, repetitive sentences by referring back to previously mentioned nouns.
2. Maintaining Coherence: Pronouns connect parts of a sentence or discourse, creating a logical flow of information. They show how ideas relate to each other and help the listener/reader track the progression of thought.
3. Expressing Relationships: Different pronoun types (reflexive, reciprocal, relative, etc.) express specific relationships between words or ideas. For example, a reflexive pronoun (like «herself») shows an action directed back at the subject, while a reciprocal pronoun (like «each other») indicates mutual action.
4. Signaling Information Focus: Pronouns can highlight new or important information within a sentence. By placing a pronoun in a prominent position, the speaker/writer emphasizes its significance.
And also pronouns are words that are used to take the place of nouns in sentences. They usually refer back to a noun used earlier in the sentence, and they must match the number, point of view, and gender of the noun.
We use pronouns to make sentences clearer, less awkward, and smoother. Pronouns are used to refer to people and things that have been mentioned before or presupposed to exist. They have different forms to specify whether they are singular or plural and their syntactic role (subject or object). References:
1. For detailed discussion see George D. Morley, Explorations in Functional Syntax: A New Framework for Lexicogrammatical Analysis, Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2004, pp. 68-73.
2. Simon, Horst J.; Wiese, Heike (2002). Pronouns - Grammar and Representation. Linguistics Today. P. 190.
3. Walsh, Michael James. 1976. The Mujinypata Language of Northern Australia. The Australian National University.
© Ymamberdiyeva G., 2024
УДК 37
Атаев С.К.,
к.и. наук, старший преподаватель, востоковед кафедры археологии и этнологии, Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан Бабаева М.К.,
старший преподаватель кафедры общественных наук, Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
ИСКУССТВОВЕДЧЕСКАЯ НАУКА В ТУРКМЕНИСТАНЕ И ЕЁ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ (КРАТКОЕ НАУЧНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЕ СООБЩЕНИЕ)
Аннотация
Истоки зарождения искусства на территории началось еще с древности об этом свидетельствует археологические находки на памятниках Джейтунской культуре, в древнем Аннау, Алтын-депе, Гонур-депе, Мерв, Парфии и т.д. которые опровергли утверждение некоторых зарубежных ученых об отсутствии у современных народов Центральной Азии собственных культурных ценностей.
Ключевые слова:
ударная школа искусств Востока, бороза по целине, художественный стиль, по этапное развитие
искусствоведения, генетическая связь, синтез.
Atayev S. K.,
Candidate of History Sciences, senior teacher, orientalist, Department of Archeology and Ethnology, Magtymguly Turkmen State University Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Babayeva M. K., Senior teacher, Department of Social Sciences, Magtymguly Turkmen State University Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
