CC BY
25
UDC 37
Malikova M.,
A teacher of the Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
GRAMMAR RULES OF ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH Annotation
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns. Nowadays, certain words that usually had been classified as adjectives, including the, this, my, etc., typically are classed separately, as determiners.
Keywords:
language, grammar, adjectives, rules, spoken, by, learn.
Маликова М.,
Преподаватель Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули.
Ашхабад, Туркменистан.
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРАВИЛА ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Аннотация
Прилагательное (сокращенно прил.) - это слово, описывающее существительное или именное словосочетание. Его семантическая роль заключается в изменении информации, данной существительным. Традиционно прилагательные считались одной из основных частей речи английского языка, хотя исторически они причислялись к существительным. В настоящее время некоторые слова, которые обычно классифицировались как прилагательные, в том числе the, this, my и т. д., как правило, классифицируются отдельно, как определители.
Ключевые слова:
язык, грамматика, прилагательные, правила, разговорный, по, выучить.
An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Adjectives can be used to describe the qualities of someone or something independently or in comparison to something else.
There are a total of eight types of Adjectives in English grammar namely Descriptive adjective, numeral adjective, Quantitative adjective, Demonstrative adjective, Interrogative adjective, Possessive adjective, Proper adjective, and Exclamatory adjective. Here are some examples:
• That's a funny idea. (attributive)
• That idea is funny. (predicative)
• Tell me something funny. (postpositive)
• The good, the bad, and the funny. (substantive)
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, an adjective is defined as "a word that describes a noun or pronoun." "The Collins Dictionary gives a more elaborate definition. According to it, "an adjective is a word such as "big", "dead" or "financial" that describes a person or thing, or gives extra information about them. Adjectives usually come before nouns or after link verbs".
The Oxford Learner's Dictionary defines an adjective as "a word that describes a person or thing, for
example "big", "red', and "clever" in a big house, red wine and a clever idea". An adjective is "a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages and typically serving as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else", according to the Merriam - Webster Dictionary.
Adjectives are usually placed before the nouns they describe, as in the examples, tall man and easy assignment, above. Adjectives may also follow the noun they describe. Like nouns, adjectives are often the recognizable by their suffixes. Endings such as -ous, -ful, -ish, -able usually designate adjectives.
Depending on the language, an adjective can precede a corresponding noun on a prepositive basis or it can follow a corresponding noun on a postpositive basis. Structural, contextual, and style considerations can impinge on the pre-or post-position of an adjective in a given instance of its occurrence. In English, occurrences of adjectives generally can be classified into one of three categories:
Prepositive adjectives, which are also known as "attributive adjectives", occur on an antecedent basis within a noun phrase. For example: "I put my happy kids into the car", wherein happy occurs on an antecedent basis within the my happy kids noun phrase, and therefore functions in a prepositive adjective.
Postpositive adjectives can occur: (a) immediately subsequent to a noun within a noun phrase, e.g. "The only room available cost twice what we expected"; (b) as linked via a copula or other linking mechanism subsequent to a corresponding noun or pronoun; for example: "My kids are happy", wherein happy is a predicate adjective (see also: Predicative expression, Subject complement); or (c) as an appositive adjective within a noun phrase, e.g. "My kids, [who are] happy to go for a drive, are in the back seat".
Nominalized adjectives, which function as nouns. One way this happens is by eliding a noun from an adjective-noun noun phrase, whose remnant thus is a nominalization. In the sentence, "I read two books to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the happy", happy is a nominalized adjective, short for "happy one" or "happy book".
The rule is that multiple adjectives are always ranked accordingly: opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, purpose. Unlike many laws of grammar or syntax, this one is virtually inviolable, even in informal speech. You simply can't say My Greek Fat Big Wedding, or leather walking brown boots. References:
1. R.M.W. Dixon, "Where Have all the Adjectives Gone?" Studies in Language 1, (1977).
2. Adjectives: order (from English Grammar Today), in the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary online.
3. R. Declerck, A Comprehensive Descriptive Grammar of English (1991).
© Malikova M., 2023
UDC 37
Myradova B.G.,
Teacher, Turkmen National Institute of World Languages named after Dovletmammet Azadi.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
INNOVATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGH SCHOOLS
Annotation
In English language teaching and learning, innovation can be seen as a new teaching methodology, pedagogical theory, methodological approach, teaching or assessment technique, learning or instructional tool.
