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УДК 1751
Исаев Н.,
преподаватель
Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули,
Ашгабад, Туркменистан
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ ПАДЕЖНЫХ УСЛУГ В ЯЗЫКАХ
Аннотация
Падеж (du§um) - форма существительного, имеющая в предложении определенное грамматическое значение и изменяющаяся соответствующими аффиксами. Существительные изменяются по падежам. Каждый из случаев отвечает на конкретный вопрос. Но падежи могут быть не во всех языках. Однако вместо падежей в качестве падежей могут выступать другие суффиксы или предлоги. В английском, итальянском, испанском языках часто так могут служить предлоги.
Ключевые слова: падеж, услуга, аффиксы, ответ, язык.
Isayev N.
Teacher of the Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
FEATURES IN EXPRESSING CASES' SERVICES IN LANGUAGES Annotation
Case (du§um) - a form of a noun that has a specific grammatical meaning in a sentence and changes with the appropriate affixes. Nouns change int the cases. Each of the cases answer to a specific. But the cases can't be in every language. However, instead of cases other suffixes or prepositions can serve like cases. In English, Italian, Spanish prepositions often can serve like that.
Keywords: case, service, affixes, answer, language.
Case (du§um) - a form of a noun that has a specific grammatical meaning in a sentence and changes with the appropriate affixes.
Case is an essential element of many languages. It helps establish the relationships between words — you might think of it as a "glue" that holds words together. This is done by inflections added onto the end of words, and the benefit gained from this complexity is more freedom to arrange a sentence as you wish.
Nouns change in the cases. There are six cases in Turkmen language. They are:
Nominative case (ba§ du§um), possessive case (eyelik du§um), dative case (yoneli§ du§um), accusative case (yeni§ du§um), time/place case (wagt-orun du§um), instrumental case (?yky§ du§um). Each of the cases answer to a specific. But the cases can't be in every language. However, instead of cases other suffixes or prepositions can serve like cases. In English, Italian, Spanish prepositions often can serve like that.
Despite the significance of the case system for many languages, it is not present in English. As a result, simply explaining what grammatical cases are and why they are so important is a surprisingly difficult endeavor that requires quite a bit of dedicated class time; that's is what my teaching experience tells me, at least.
Here are a few examples of grammatical cases (there are tons of them) and a simplified overview of what they do:
• Nominative case ^ indicates that a word is the subject of a sentence (he is tall)
• Dative case ^ indicates that a word is the indirect object of a sentence (give the letter to me)
• Accusative case ^ indicates that a word is the direct object of a sentence (read the book)
• Instrumental case ^ indicates that a word is used as a means to achieve an action (eat with a spoon)
• Vocative case ^ Indicates who you are addressing/talking to (tell me, Jacob, what is this?)
• Genitive case ^ Indicates possession (the toy of the child) or that one thing is part of another (German's vocabulary)
Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Locative Ablative
What? Who? Whose? What's wrong? To whom? What? Who? Where? Whom? Where from? From whom? Why?
çiçek / (a/the) flower (nom) cicegin / of (a/the) flower çiçege / to (a/the) flower ?i?egi / (a/the) flower (acc) cicekte / in (a/the) flower cicekten / from (a/the) flower
çiçekler / (the) flowers (nom) ciceklerin / of (the) flowers çiçeklere / to (the) flowers cicekleri / (the) flowers (acc) ciceklerde / in (the) flowers ciceklerden / from (the) flowers
The accusative can exist only in the noun(whether it is derived from a verb or not). For example, "Arkada§lar bize gelmeyi du§unuyorlar." (Friends are thinking of coming to us).
The dative can exist only in the noun (whether it is derived from a verb or not). For example, "Bol bol kitap okumaya gali§iyorum." (I try to read a lot of books).
References:
1. Agayev K. Introduction to linguistics. Ashgabat, 2007.
2. Baijanov B. Modern Turkmen language. Ashgabat, 2014.
3. Baijanov B. Modern Turkmen language. Morphology. Ashgabat, 2015.
4. Baijanov B. Turkmen language. Vocabulary. Ashgabat, 2018.
© Исаев Н., 2023
УДК 1751
Меретмухаммедова А.Т.,
преподаватель романо-германской кафедры Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули
Гылыджова Ш. К., преподаватель кафедры туркменской литературы Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули
В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ МАХТУМКУЛИ ФРАГИ ВОСПИТАНИЕ СЛОВОМ
Аннотация
Великий туркменский мыслитель Махтумгули Фраги является мастером слов, который своими
