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83Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-128-132
THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF LEXICAL AND LEXICAL-SEMANTIC UNITS FROM ENGLISH TO UZBEK
Janarabonu Uktamovna Pulatova
Student of Termez State University j anarabonu9777@gmail .com
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the problems of translation of lexical and lexical-semantic units from English to Uzbek and ways to solve them.
Keywords: Translation language, translation theory, word usage style and the scope of use of the word, lexical problems and translation process, lexical and lexical-semantic units.
"ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ЛЕКСИЧИСКИХ И ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИХ ЕДИНИЦ С АНГЛЙСКОГО НА УЗБЕКСКИЙ
ЯЗЫК"
АННОТАТЦИЯ
В статье обсуждаются проблемы перевода лексических и лексико-семантических единиц с английского на узбекский и пути их решения.
Ключевые слова: язык перевода, теория перевода, стиль словоупотребления и объем употребления слов, лексические проблемы и процесс перевода, лексические и лексико-семантические единицы.
INTRODUCTION
The art of translation is one of the most delicate and elegant forms of art, requiring the perfect word usage. The words should be chosen in such a way that the translation is understandable to everyone, it must be consistent with the meaning expressed in the original sentence. The sentences being translated to create such consistency are not literally, directly translated. If that was the case, there would be no easier job than translation itself. This is how the originality, subtlety and secrets of the art of translation are revealed. L.S. Barkhudarov described the lexical units in translation: ,,All units present in the language can be phoneme, morpheme, word,
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-128-132
phrase, sentence translation unit and the translator must demonstrate his or her skill in the translation process''.
METHOTOLOGY
There are words of special importance in the problems of translation of lexical units and such as words cause problems in the translation process. The problem arises when we translate the sentence ,,They both married their cousins" The problem in translation is the verb ,,to marry" which has to meanings. The first meaning is ,,uylan(tir)moq", ,,turmushga chiq(ar)moq" The second problematic word for translation is „cousins". Its meaning in Uzbek is ,,cousin". A natural question arises here we need to figure out what kind of nephew it is about. In English, the word ,,cousin " is used for a girl nephew and a boy nephew : a boy nephew (cousin), a girl niece (nephew). It is very difficult to translate the above sentence. To do this, translator need to know the context. It is impossible to translate this sentence into Uzbek without context. Bilingual dictionaries are great importance in solving lexical problems of translation. But usually, only alternatives to the meaning of the word are given. No matter how perfect the translation dictionary, it is impossible to cover all the meanings or subtleties of the words, because the dictionary deals with elements of the bilingual system. For translation, it is not the language systems that are important but the speech, or more precisely, the text that is the product of the speech is vital. The English word ,,you" is also noteworthy. It should be translated into Uzbek with the pronoun ,,you" or ,,you" which differ in style and meaning. The translation of this word takes into account to whom the word is used its age, gender, social, status, relationship with the speaker and the scope of the word.
In most cases, some clarifications are generalized in the translation, as in the since given in the original, it is considered excessive in the norms of the language of translation. In English, it is accepted that a person's height and weight are given in exact numbers. In Uzbek language, height is given by the determinants such as high, giggling and weight means that it is heavy, light.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The main problem of the translator encounters is that the lexical meaning of a word in the original loses its character in the language of translation and does not give the meaning of the original. We know that some words have an alternative in a second language but when the word comes in the form of a lexical compound, their meaning
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-128-132
may cause inconsistency in the second language. We choose the words of the two languages (English and Uzbek) as the object of analysis in order to compare the lexical-semantic compatibility of the two languages.
Lexical-semantic compatibility in two languages can be seen in their main cases: 1) complete compliance; 2) partial compliance; 3) lack of compliance. Complete compliance. The complete coincidence of the lexical meanings of the words in the two languages is rare occurrence for translation. Basically, this category includes monolithic words and they have the same meaning in both languages. These lexemes constitute a deficiency compared to other words in our speech.
A) Proper names and geographical places characteristic of a language included in the dictionary of the original and translated language
Tashkent - Toshkent London - London Navoi - Navoiy Shekespeare - Shekspir
B) Scientific and technical terms gas - gaz
oxygen - kislorod coal - ko'mir magnesium - magniy acid - kislota
C) Words that a lexically - sementically suited in the second language to the names of the days of the week, month and year.
January - yanvar Monday - dushanba
We can also include some holiday names and numarals in the words in this
group.
New year - Yangi yil Victory day - G'alaba kuni Independence day - Mustaqillik kuni Thousand - Ming Million - Million
Partial compliance. The most common compliance in the process of comparing lexical units in two languages is partial compliance.
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-128-132
For example; the words Uzbek - language and English tongue have the following general meanings: 1) human body; 2) speech. There are also the following meanings of the word language in Uzbek, which are expressed in English by other words: 3) not to fall out of the language - be always on somebody's lips; 4) to shut up mouth - keep one's mouth shut.
Each word can be expressed several times in the language of translation or several meanings in the original can be expressed in one word in translation. The task required of the translator is to be able to choose the most appropriate meaning for each word.
Watch (hand or pocket watch) Clock Clock (to use for a table and wall)
Dining - room (common place to eat) Kitchen Mess - room Canteen (factory or institution)
Refectory (university or school kitchen) Easy Comfortable (clothes, shoes, furniture)
Convenient (time, place, weapon) Beautiful (common word) Beautiful Handsome (for appearance)
Pretty (attractive) Nephew (boy) Nephew Niece (girl)
Cousin (general)
Lack of compliance. It is the absence of this or that word in the vocabulary of a language.
CONCLUSION
Lexic and Lexical-semantic substitutions are a method of translating original lexical units using language units in translation, the meaning of which does not correspond to the values of the original units, but can be derived from them using certain types of logical transformations.
REFERENCES
1. Jo'ramurodova, Z., & Solijonov, J. (2022, April). JK ROULINGNING "BIDL QISSANAVIS ERTAKLARI" ("THE TALES OF BEEDLE THE BARD") ASARIDAGI ANTROPONIMLARNING O'ZBEK TILIDAN INGLIZ TILIGA
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 4 | April, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-4-128-132
TARJIMA QILISHDAGI MUAMMOLARI. In МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ:" СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ: ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ТРАДИЦИЙ И ИННОВАЦИЙ II" (Vol. 2, No. 18.03, pp. 554-560). https://doi.org/10.47100/nuu.v2i18.03.115
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3. Kamoljnovich, S. J. (2022). JK ROULINGNING FANTASTIK ASARLARIDAGI ANTROPONIMLARNING LINGVO-PERSPEKTIV MUAMMOLARI. Central Asian Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS), 2(1), 334-343. https://doi.org/10.24412/2181 -2454-2022-1 -334-343
