CC BY
40
https://doi.org/10.29013/AJT-20-1.2-12-15
Hamroyev Elmurod Ortiqnazarovich, teachers of Karshi Engineering Economics Institute, Uzbekistan Abduraximov Saidakbar Abduraxmonovich, Salixanova Dilnoza Saidakbarovna, teacher of Tashkent chemical-technological institute, Uzbekistan
Ashurov Furqat Baxromovich, Ashurov Farrux Furqatovich, teachers of Bukhara engineering-technological institute, Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected]
STUDY OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATED IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. The article discusses Uzbekistan expanding the raw material base of oil and fat plants processing sunflower seeds and sunflower seed tanks. The sunflower seed structure is characterized by a high shell incidence density to the core, which has a significant effect on speed, kinetic energy and impact load causing destruction of its fruit shell (husk). Given this, we studied the dependence of the size of the air cavity between the husk and the kernel on the mass of sunflower seeds grown in Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine.
Keywords: Sunflower seeds, hulling, oilseed kernel, husk, mint, cultivation, various, dehiscence, oil content, fruit shells, change, split seeds, along their major axis.
Introduction
The cultivation of sunflower seeds in Uzbekistan expands the raw material base of the oil - fat plant for the production of vegetable oils.
The peculiarity of the structure of sunflower seeds is the high density of the casing of the shell to the core, which has a significant impact on the speed, magnitude of the kinetic energy and the shock load, causing the destruction of its fruit shell (husk). Moreover, an important role in the breaking of sunflower seeds is played by the size of the air cavity between the husk core, which is used to judge the fit of the fruit coat to the core [1; 2; 3].
Given this, we studied the dependence of the size of the air cavity between the husk and the kernel on the mass of sunflower seeds grown in Uzbekistan (1), Russia (2) and Ukraine (3).
The results are illustrated in (Figure 1 and 2).
From (fig. 1 and 2), it can be seen that as the sunflower seed mass increases, the cavity between the kernel and the fruit coat (husk) and the blunt end of the seed expands. Here, the highest value is observed in seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan and vice versa, the smallest - in Ukrainian. It should be noted that in the crayons of sunflower seeds the air cavity is very small in width, which confirms the complexity of their destruction.
In practice, sunflower seeds with different mass, i.e. mixed with small ones [4]. Therefore, it is necessary for seedlings to identify the main size of destructible sunflower seeds, which is determined on the basis of the analysis of seed distribution curves.
The results of the analyzes are presented in (Figure 3 and 4).
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Figure 1. Dependences of the change in the size of the air cavity between the kernel and the husk on the mass of sunflower seeds at the blunt end of the seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan (1) Russia (2) and Ukraine (3)
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Figure 2. Dependences of the change in the size of the air cavity between the kernel and the husk on the mass of sunflower seeds (across the width of the seeds) cultivated in Uzbekistan (1), Russia (2) and Ukraine (3)
Figure 3. Dependences of the mass distribution of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan (1), Russia (2), and Ukraine (3)
The distribution curves of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine have been studied on the basis of the methodology [5].
As can be seen from (fig. 3 and 4), the mass and linear dimensions of the investigated sunflower seeds obey the law of normal distribution with a certain asymmetry and kurtosis. In addition, sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan are more aligned in mass and linear dimensions than seeds obtained in Russia and Ukraine.
Despite this, in order to increase the efficiency of sunflower oil production processes, it is recommended to carry out fractionation of seeds into a series of fractions along their length (the first is from 3-8 mm and the second is from 8 and more) [6; 7].
In practice, it is difficult to fractionate sunflower seeds depending on their mass. Therefore, it is advisable to carry it out depending on their geometric dimensions, which indirectly reflect their masses.
a) b)
Figure 4. Dependences of distribution curves in width (1-3) and length (4-6) of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan (1.4), Russia (2.5), and Ukraine (3.6): a) - in width seed; b) in - the length of the seed
Table 1. - Indicators of the gathering of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine
A place Cultivation Seed Sunflower Sunflower seed
Through the holes sit,%
3 мм 4 мм 5 мм 6 мм 7 мм 8 мм
Uzbekista 15.0 22.0 28.3 22.4 6.5 5.8
Russia 21.4 24.3 27.0 20.1 5.0 2.1
The Ukraine 22.6 25.4 26.2 19.3 4.8 1.7
The separation of sunflower seeds by us was carried out in laboratory sieves with a hole diameter of 3 to 8 mm.
The results of the separation of the investigated sunflower seeds are presented in (tab. one).
From (tab. 1) shows that the largest part of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan are seeds with sizes of 3-6 mm, the rest of the seeds are 7-8 mm (12.3%). The largest part of the seeds are 4-6 mm.
The high content of large fractions of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan is explained by the hot climate and the special agrochemical technology of their cultivation. Sunflower seeds cultivated in Russia and Ukraine contain more small fractions (3-4 mm) and vice versa, less large (6-8 mm).
Thus, the conducted research allows to draw the following conclusions:
- changes in the size of the air cavity between the core and the husk, depending on the mass of sunflower seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine show the distinctive features of their internal structure, causing the necessary pressure on their split;
- it was found that with an increase in the mass of sunflower seeds the load on their split along the length of the seeds increases, and the width decreases;
- indication, one hundred distribution curves of sunflower seeds, cultivated in Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine are subject to the law of normal distribution with a certain asymmetry and excess;
- it was revealed that the largest part of sunflow- - in comparison with sunflower seeds cultivated
er seeds cultivated in Uzbekistan are seeds with a size in Russia and Ukraine, local seeds will be more likely
of 3-6 mm; to hold seeds of 7-8 mm (12.3).
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