CC BY
0
УДК 37.017.4
yegorenko e.e.
Applicant the Department of Psychology,
Content and Methods of Education, State Educational Institution
«Academy of Postgraduate Education»,
Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Received 4 October 2024
museum of general secondary education and prospects for patriotic education of students1
The article presents an author's view of the prospects for patriotic education of students in modern realities and museum pedagogy, as well as briefly discusses issues related to the implementation of a comprehensive state policy of national-patriotic education of the younger generation, which contributes to the consolidation of Belarusian society. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in the museums of the institution of general secondary education today information technologies are actively used (virtual museums, exhibitions, Internet conferences, forum discussions), updating the system of measures of a worldview, ideological, legal, political, informational and organizational nature, implemented by the teaching staff in the process of interaction with the subjects of educational relations.
Keywords: general secondary education institution museum, patriotic education, museum pedagogy, human spirituality.
е.е. егоренко
соискатель кафедры психологии, содержания и методов воспитания Государственное учреждение образования «Академия последипломного образования», г. Минск, Республика Беларусь
музей учреждения общего среднего образования и перспективы патриотического воспитания учащихся
В статье представлен авторский взгляд на перспективы патриотического воспитания учащихся в современных реалиях и музейной педагогики, а также кратко раскрываются вопросы, касающиеся реализации комплексной государственной политики национально-патриотического воспитания молодого поколения, способствующей консолидации белорусского общества. Новизна исследования обусловлена тем обстоятельством, что в музеях учреждения общего среднего образования сегодня активно используются информационные технологии (виртуальные музеи, выставки, интернет-конференции, форум-дискуссии), актуализируя систему мер мировоззренческого, идеологического, правового, политического, информационного и организационного характера, реализованных педагогическим коллективом в процессе взаимодействия с субъектами образовательных отношений.
1 Статья публикуется в авторской редакции
Ключевые слова: музей учреждения общего среднего образования, патриотическое воспитание, музейная педагогика, духовность человека.
Introduction. As pedagogical practice shows, the subjects of educational relations objectively have a need to receive high-quality educational services, but, if possible, without special spiritual and intellectual efforts on the part of students, aimed not only at personal interest, but also at public benefit. Therefore, now it is necessary to focus the attention of teachers, pedagogical teams of educational institutions on the formation of the worldview of students in a cultural and historical context, which has always been and remains the foundation of patriotic education in the Republic of Belarus.
In this regard, firstly, it is important to direct the efforts of teachers and parents to the formation of national identity, to more actively initiate the introduction into the public consciousness of socio-state (national) values, unique national traditions, history, culture, captured in museum expositions of educational institutions.
Secondly, it is necessary to pay special attention to the spiritual, moral, historical and cultural education of students in order to preserve the traditional values of Belarusian society, popularize the native history, military and labor exploits of the Belarusian people, important historical events, memorable places, their role and significance in the formation of Belarusian statehood.
And, thirdly, to concentrate efforts on civil and patriotic education for the formation of a law-abiding and actively fulfilling his civic duty of a person who respects the state symbols of the Republic of Belarus.
The Museum of General Secondary Education and the prospects for patriotic education of students acquire special importance in modern realities, since the preservation of historical memory and traditional values are vital for contemporaries in understanding the spiritual world of different eras, studying Russian history and world culture. Everyone knows that the basic function of museums is the education of patriotism in the process of participation of the younger generation in museum activities [1, p. 82].
The Museum of General Secondary Education, as a rule, is the custodians of the socio-cultural heritage, acts as a social institution of society, organically uniting socio-cultural processes, updating the preservation of historical memory, traditional values of the Belarusian
people, ensuring the continuity of family traditions objectively related to human spirituality, which acts as the foundation of patriotic education of young people in the modern Republic of Belarus [2, p. 821].
In the Republic of Belarus, a program has been developed that allows, in the process of implementing education and training, to strengthen state sovereignty and national security by consolidating Belarusian society and ensuring national unity. Thus, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers No. 773 of December 29, 2021, a program of patriotic education of the population of Belarus for 2022-2025 was approved, which provides for the fulfillment of tasks for the formation of national identity, spiritual, moral, historical, cultural, civil-patriotic, military-patriotic education.
And it is no coincidence that the museum of the institution of general secondary education occupies a special place in the study of the history of the origin, formation, development of national culture, in the study of the subject and natural environment of a person in the process of intellectual filling of leisure, dissemination of interesting information to supplement the content of education and patriotic education of students.
The patriotic education of the younger generation is ensured by a system of targeted measures of a worldview, ideological, legal, political, informational, as well as organizational nature, implemented in the process of interaction with the subjects of educational relations. Due to the unique opportunity to use historical rarities, masterpieces of art culture, museums of general secondary education institutions have a large-scale cultural potential, as they are able to actualize various issues of economic, political, social and spiritual development of the Belarusian society. The Museum of General Secondary Education successfully implements the state policy of patriotic education: the formation of national identity based on traditional values, the desire for peace and creation, pride in one's country, achievements in economics, science, sports, readiness to defend one's native Fatherland (love for one's home, village, city, history of one's native land) [3, p. 56].
The specificity of the museum's work in the institution of general secondary education lies in the fact that it has great educational potential, acting as a meaningful educational environment that forms national identity and orients the younger generation towards the ideas of Bela-rusian statehood. It is the museum of general secondary education that develops individual abilities (observation, classification, systemati-zation of information) [4, p. 11].
The modern museum has become the center of selection, attribution, preservation, exposure of the historical and cultural heritage of our country, as well as a social institution that forms the historical consciousness, moral and aesthetic culture of students, which largely determines human spirituality, updating the strategic guidelines for patriotic education of students in the Republic of Belarus.
Main part. For many students, the museum of general secondary education is a prerequisite for creative, free pastime, as well as a means of communicating with rarities of the past and present in the immediate vicinity of the emotional perception of the pages of their native history. Museum exhibits, as the primary sources of knowledge, emotionally affect students, ensuring the continuity, continuity of the cultural and historical development of the spiritual life of the Belarusian people, recreating historical fragments of the past, forms the attitude of young worship to the present and future fate of their country. Pedagogical practice confirms the fact that the museum of the institution of general secondary education is a semantic component of the patriotic education of students of educational institutions [5, p. 22]. And it is difficult to disagree with the fact that in the museum a person is independently involved in the world of «revived» history, actively studies the historical past, museum objects (exhibits), which largely determines the prospects for patriotic education. Museum objects, as fundamental value imperatives, act as reliable information about interesting people, important events, scientific facts that can affect the emotional sphere of a person, evoke a sense of ownership, allowing you to see, feel the spirit of the past, immerse in the special «person-heror», «people-victorious » and «peo-ple-creator».
Thus, remote forms of work are of particular importance today: museum quests, challenges, Internet conferences, forum discussions, virtual
exhibitions in the process of the teacher's implementation of information-visual methods, emotional and aesthetic means, innovative forms of museum pedagogy, which allows for an unconventional approach to the education and training of students using the information potential of museum objects.
The peculiarity of museum pedagogy is not formality and voluntariness, as well as the opportunity for students to develop their abilities, satisfy, interests, which is stimulated by the expressiveness, diversity and authenticity of museum objects, which, undoubtedly, are related to the fundamental aspects of human spirituality in the information society [6, p. 73]. Together with traditional forms of work, museum work in the institution of general secondary education includes innovative forms of cultural and educational activities (historical reconstructions, theatrical performances, quests, festivals, concerts, interactive excursions, lectures, master classes, creative workshops). Educational classes, optional, extracurricular activities in museums of the institution of general secondary education, as well as the integration of educational subjects with museum expositions, as practice shows, allow us to study the pages of our native history using heroic examples from the life of our unique ancestors and outstanding contemporaries. Thus, the personal participation of teachers, students and their parents in search work, the collection of materials for the study of museum objects when creating unique expositions, as well as conducting interesting excursions, contributes to the development of various techniques, skills of museum, excursion and professional activities, the formation of national identity based on the traditional values of the Belarusian people. In this regard, it should be noted that the combination of information and communication technologies with interactive methods, innovative forms of work in the museum, objectively allows you to make the process of upbringing and learning visualized and more exciting for students, since they are given ample opportunities to express themselves and expand their horizons. The understanding by specialists of different levels of the specifics of museum pedagogy, as a significant means of influencing students, makes the museum of general secondary education a unique cultural and educational center. Continuing to remain a place for storing relics, rarities, the museum in an educational
institution becomes the basis for communication, the formation of moral guidelines, and the education of a person of high culture [7, p. 173].
The modern museum of general secondary education paves the way to the soul of students, since the younger generation is introduced to traditional values, moral behavior, morality generally accepted in Belarusian society [8, p. 151], which hides the role and importance of museum pedagogy. In addition, today the museum is becoming a means of introducing students to national culture, acting as an antipode to digitaliza-tion and virtual social reality. As a special area of scientific knowledge, museum pedagogy that arises at the intersection of history, pedagogy, psychology, cultural studies, museology, art, as part of general and national culture, local history, which realizes the connection of the past with the present and future, creating, focusing on the priorities of educating young people in the information society [9, p. 74].
Museums of general secondary education in the modern Republic of Belarus must preserve and study in detail the historical and cultural heritage of the region, city, village, since the museum is a kind of portal, a kind of «time machine» that moves students into the past, which is a symbolic access to the space socio-cultural life of our ancestors. The use of information technologies allows students not only to independently extract and analyze local history material, but also to make it public through virtual museums, exhibitions, Internet conferences, forum discussions.
So, a virtual excursion, a quest excursion, a theatrical excursion, master class excursion, a museum festival, a demonstration of museum objects in action are actively used by teachers. Museums of educational institutions broadcast cultural heritage, preserve study and popularize, as well as broadcasts of Belarusian moral and ethical values and guidelines to the younger generation, which is an integral direction of civil and patriotic education. The main goal of museum pedagogy is to involve teachers (teaching staff), students and their parents, relatives in the work, as well as patriotic education based on historical memory, continuity of family traditions, traditional values of the Belarusian people [10, p. 21].
Everyone knows that the museum of the institution of general secondary education, as a sociocultural institute, performs an educational
function, part of which is the patriotic education of students. In addition, it is important to note that the activities of such a museum have a beneficial effect on the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, capable of thinking critically on its own, striving for modern knowledge and science. In other words, the museum of educational institutions carries out a very important mission to form an educated personality, and most importantly, to educate a patriot, citizen, family man and worker in the modern Republic of Belarus.
Conclusion. The article presents an author's view of the problems of museum pedagogy, and also reveals questions regarding the prospects for patriotic education of students. Museum pedagogy is becoming more and more popular in the practice of patriotic education of students in educational institutions, since today, more than ever, the integration of museum work and the education system is important. All efforts of teachers should be aimed at ensuring that museums of educational institutions always remain a popular platform for patriotic education and the development of students' intellectual and creative abilities.
As a result, the museum of the institution of general secondary education and the prospects for patriotic education of students make it possible to state the fact that, firstly, the younger generation can and should join the traditional values of the Belarusian people in the process of studying the history of their small homeland on the basis of the continuity of family and cultural traditions.
Secondly, the uniqueness and originality of the cultural and historical heritage of our country, as a rule, necessarily presupposes the establishment of socio-state (national) values, the actualization of national identity and the consolidation of Belarusian society.
Thirdly, the prospects for the development of museums of institutions of general secondary education and the prospects for patriotic education of students creep into the emphasis on Bela-rusian statehood, the formation of a law-abiding citizen (socially safe type of personality) in the modern Republic of Belarus, respecting state symbols and laws of his country. And, fourthly, the modern museum of the institution of general secondary education makes it possible to more effectively carry out the military-patriotic education necessary to prepare students for the ful-
fillment of the constitutional duty to protect the Republic of Belarus.
Thus, the museum of the institution of general secondary education as an institution of socio-cultural activity is organically interwoven into the system of spiritual life of Belarusian society. Museum work in an institution of general secondary education is based on the consistent use of innovative methods that complement the implementation of traditional excursions, involving visitors in various forms of so-ciocultural creativity that contributes to the translation of historical and cultural knowledge, since the complex nature of museum pedagogy allows the younger generation to be introduced to national-cultural, family traditions, updating the spiritual and moral potential of the individual in the face of modern challenges [11, p. 156].
Summarizing, I will clarify that the activities of the museum of the institution of general secondary education are effective only if it becomes an open pedagogical system included in the wide infrastructure of the economic, political, social, spiritual spheres. The Museum of General Secondary Education, as an institution of social memory, capable of improving traditional forms of research, exposition and educational activities on the basis of morality and positive axiological guidelines of the individual in the information society [12, p. 416].
From this point of view, the museum of the institution of general secondary education successfully solves the problems of patriotic and moral-aesthetic education of students by means of excursion activities or other forms of historical and cultural education.
The teacher, who is worried about the fate of his homeland, by all means contributes to improving the quality of education and the sustainable development of the country, will try to update the information and educational work, revealing with the help of museum pedagogy the content of social and state values of the Republic of Belarus. And, in addition, teachers are advised to regularly design their educational work in museums of general secondary education institutions and, together with students and their parents (legal representatives), hold events of a national-patriotic nature, including those timed to coincide with public holidays, as this is what contributes to the consolidation of Belarusian society. At the same time, it is necessary to always remember about the establishment of fami-
ly values, to the extent of forces and opportunities to attract families of students to the process of national-patriotic education. It should be especially noted that it is important to place emphasis in this case, taking into account the national-historical policy aimed at improving personnel work, strengthening the ideological vertical against the background of the active broadcast of historical shrines, monuments of the Fatherland in order to increase the prestige of the service of law enforcement agencies and the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
The prospects for patriotic education are most clearly visible when a teacher, students, their parents, including the entire teaching staff, works in the museum of general secondary education, jointly forming a sense of pride in the achievements of their country, preserving the historical and cultural heritage and thus increasing the level of conscious attitude of the subjects of educational relations to the state symbols of the Republic of Belarus. Co-creation with the establishment of education, families, other institutions of the socio-cultural sphere, it is the museum that effectively solves educational problems, provides significant assistance to its region in organizing spiritually rich leisure activities for different groups of the population.
At the same time, it should be emphasized that the cultural potential of the museum of the institution of general secondary education and the prospects for patriotic education of students, as practice shows, are manifested in the ability of the teacher (pedagogical team) to ensure the relative completeness of the educational process, involving the subjects of educational relations in various forms of sociocultural interaction, complementing modern knowledge, transforming them into moral convictions, the civic position of the individual based on historical memory and traditional values of the Belarusian people.
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Статья поступила 4 октября 2024 г.
