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3. Complex Sentences: These sentences contain one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, which rely on the independent clause for complete meaning. Dependent clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions (like «because,» «since,» «although,» «while,» «until,» and «after»). «Because it was raining, we stayed inside.» «She went to the library, which was her favorite place.» «Although he was tired, he finished his work.»
Equipped with the knowledge of sentence types and structures, you can now embark on crafting clear, effective, and impactful English sentences. Here are some key takeaways: Match sentence type to purpose: Choose the appropriate sentence type (declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory) based on the desired outcome of your communication.
Vary sentence structure: Combine simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex structures to create a dynamic. References:
1. «Parts of Sentence». GrammarWord. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
2. McArthur, Tom (ed) 1992. The Oxford companion to the English language. Oxford University Press.
© Charyyev M., 2024
УДК 37
Hezretkuliyeva G.,
Teacher of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Aydogdyyeva B., Student of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMAR IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Annotation
A standard language is a dialect that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and, broadly speaking, in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in academic, descriptive linguistics but which are rarely taught prescriptively.
Keywords:
foreign languages, teaching languages, important, grammar, lexical.
Хезреткулиева Г., преподаватель Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан Айдогдыева Б., студентка Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ГРАММАТИКИ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
Аннотация
Стандартный язык — это диалект, который преобладает над другими диалектами в письменной
форме, образовании и, вообще говоря, в общественной сфере; он контрастирует с народными диалектами, которые могут быть объектами изучения в академической описательной лингвистике, но редко преподаются по предписаниям.
Ключевые слова:
иностранные языки, языки обучения, важное, грамматика, лексика.
In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural rules on speakers' or writers' usage and creation of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and theoretical grammar.
Fluent speakers of a language variety or lect have internalised these rules, the vast majority of which - at least in the case of one's native language(s) - are acquired not by intentional study or instruction but by hearing other speakers. Much of this internalisation occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more direct instruction. The truth is that grammar is critical for learning any language. Grammar is a set of rules that dictates how a language works, making it easy to comprehend. Without proper grammar, one would have no idea how to speak or write in English. It helps us make sense of our words. A way of teaching in which students study grammar and translate words into their own language. They do not practise communication and there is little focus on speaking. A teacher presents a grammar rule and vocabulary lists and then students translate a written text from their own language into the second language. It's important to understand the importance of grammar in English to avoid misunderstandings, confusion, and misinterpretation. Grammar is the foundation of language, and it provides the structure needed to convey meaning effectively. Without proper grammar, sentences can be confusing or even meaningless. Most people learn both their first and second languages without ever learning any grammar at all, so obviously, yes. Yes, you read that right. Most people who speak more than one language didn't learn their second language at school, they just picked it up from living in a society with several languages.
The role of grammar in teaching foreign languages is a topic of ongoing debate, with different viewpoints emerging over time and adapting to changing pedagogical approaches. Here's a breakdown of the key points:
Arguments for the importance of grammar:
Building a foundation: Grammar provides a framework for understanding how a language works, including the rules and patterns that govern sentence structure, word order, and verb conjugation. Grammar plays a crucial role in teaching foreign languages, offering several key benefits to learners:
1. Building a foundation: Grammar provides the essential framework for language acquisition. By understanding the rules and patterns that govern sentence structure, word order, verb conjugations, and other elements, learners gain a solid foundation upon which to build their vocabulary and communication skills.
2. Enhances comprehension: Knowing grammar equips learners with the tools to decode and understand the meaning of spoken and written language in the target language. They can analyze sentence structures, identify grammatical cues, and interpret the relationships between words, leading to deeper comprehension.
3. Promotes accurate expression: Grammar knowledge empowers learners to express themselves accurately and effectively. They can construct grammatically correct sentences, use appropriate tenses and verb conjugations, and convey their intended meaning clearly.
4. Supports other language skills: While not the sole focus, grammar learning goes hand in hand with developing other language skills - speaking, listening, reading, and writing. It provides a framework for using vocabulary in context, understanding complex sentence structures in spoken language, and expressing oneself grammatically in both written and spoken communication.
5. Develops critical thinking: Studying grammar can foster critical thinking and analytical skills. Learners engage in analyzing sentence structures, identifying errors, and applying rules appropriately. This process
sharpens their attention to detail, logical reasoning, and problem-solving abilities, which can benefit them beyond language learning.
It's important to note that effective language teaching methods integrate grammar instruction with real-world communication and practical applications. This ensures learners not only understand the rules but also develop the confidence and fluency to use them effectively in everyday situations. In conclusion, the role of grammar in teaching foreign languages is not singular or absolute. While it provides a valuable foundation and contributes to accurate communication, it's crucial to find a balanced approach that prioritizes meaningful communication and integrates grammar learning seamlessly into the language acquisition process. References:
1. Rundle, Bede. Grammar in Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
2. Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
3. Jeremy Butterfield, (2008). Damp Squid: The English Language Laid Bare, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
© Hezretkuliyeva G., Aydogdyyeva B.R., 2024
УДК 37
Janabayeva L., Ashyrowa A.,
Teachers of department of foreign languages of Magtymguly Turkmen State University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
METODS OF TRANSLATING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES Annotation
In the "translation method," one proceeds by finding equivalent sets of emotion terms in two languages, asking native speakers to judge the similarity of the meanings of the terms, and assessing the degree to which the semantic relationships among the terms are similar for the two languages.
Keywords:
teaching foreign languages, methods of translating, meaning, grammatical structure.
Джанабаева Л., Ашырова А.,
Преподаватели кафедры иностранных языков Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
МЕТОДЫ ПЕРЕВОДА НА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКАХ Аннотация
В «методе перевода» находят эквивалентные наборы терминов, выражающих эмоции, на двух языках, просят носителей языка судить о сходстве значений терминов и оценивают степень сходства семантических отношений между терминами для разных языков. Два языка.
Ключевые слова:
обучение иностранным языкам, методы перевода, значение, грамматический строй.
