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Social Commentary: He addressed social ills like tribal feuds and injustice. His poems explored themes of love, friendship, and the importance of education.
National Identity: Magtymguly's poems fostered a sense of national unity among the Turkmen people. His emphasis on shared history, language, and culture resonated deeply. Magtymguly's works served as a powerful tool for fostering a sense of national identity among the Turkmen people. He celebrated their rich cultural heritage, traditions, and nomadic way of life. His poems instilled a sense of pride and unity, particularly during a period of political fragmentation.
Enduring Impact:
Today, Magtymguly Pyragy remains a revered national icon in Turkmenistan. His poems are studied in schools, recited at cultural events, and continue to inspire contemporary writers. His legacy extends beyond literature, with his image adorning national currency and monuments erected in his honor. Magtymguly's genius lay in his mastery of the Turkmen language. He composed primarily in the Ahal dialect, promoting its use as a literary language and influencing the development of a standardized Turkmen script. His poems, characterized by vivid imagery, rhythmic flow, and accessible language, resonated deeply with the common people.
Conclusion:
Magtymguly Pyragy's influence on Turkmen literature is undeniable. He spearheaded the transition to written literature, established a rich poetic tradition, and played a significant role in shaping Turkmen national identity. His enduring legacy continues to inspire and shape Turkmen culture today. Magtymguly Pyragy stands as a towering figure in Turkmen literature, credited with laying the foundation for a written literary tradition and shaping the national identity of the Turkmen people. This paper delves into the life and works of Magtymguly, exploring his influence on the development of Turkmen literature. References:
1. Краткая литературная энциклопедия. — М., 1972.
2. Предисловие А. Зырина и М. Овезгельдыева к изданию Махтумкули, Стихотворения, Советский писатель, Ленинградское отделение, 1984.
3. Нуры Байрамов «Долгая дорога», Ашхабад, «Магарыф», 1986. В составе сборника повесть «Долгая дорога» (перевод Михаила Гребнева) о Махтумкули.
© Annayeva A., 2024
УДК 37
Atamuradova J.,
Instructor of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan Hudayberdiyeva E., Amanova J.,
Students of Magtymguly Turkmen State University,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
ENGLISH PUNCTUATION Annotation
Punctuation, the seemingly simple set of marks scattered throughout written English, plays a critical role in conveying meaning and structure. This article delves into the multifaceted world of English punctuation, examining its historical development, core functions, and the impact it has on clear and effective communication.
We explore the interplay between punctuation and factors like sentence structure, intonation, and ambiguity resolution. Additionally, the article highlights the ongoing debate surrounding the evolution of punctuation in the digital age.
Keywords:
punctuation, english language, communication, grammar, sentence structure, intonation, ambiguity
Атамурадова Дж.,
Преподаватель
Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан Худайбердиева Э., Аманова Дж.,
Студенты
Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули,
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ПУНКТУАЦИЯ Аннотация
Пунктуация, казалось бы, простой набор знаков, разбросанных по всему письменному английскому языку, играет решающую роль в передаче смысла и структуры. Эта статья погружается в многогранный мир английской пунктуации, исследуя ее историческое развитие, основные функции и влияние, которое она оказывает на четкое и эффективное общение. Мы исследуем взаимодействие между пунктуацией и такими факторами, как структура предложения, интонация и разрешение двусмысленности. Кроме того, в статье освещаются продолжающиеся дебаты вокруг эволюции пунктуации в эпоху цифровых технологий.
Ключевые слова:
пунктуация, английский язык, общение, грамматика, структура предложения,
интонация, двусмысленность.
Introduction
Imagine a world where written English lacked the guiding hand of punctuation. Sentences would sprawl endlessly, clauses would collide, and meaning would become frustratingly elusive. Punctuation acts as the invisible conductor of written communication, ensuring clarity, flow, and the precise delivery of the intended message. This article explores the significance of punctuation in the English language, examining its historical development, core functions, and its influence on effective communication.
A Brief History of Punctuation
The history of punctuation in English is a fascinating journey, marked by gradual evolution and adaptation. Early written English relied heavily on context and word order to convey meaning, with minimal use of punctuation marks. Over time, scribes and scholars borrowed and adapted symbols from other languages, gradually introducing commas, colons, and periods. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century further solidified the need for standardized punctuation, leading to the development of a more codified system we recognize today [1].
The Symphony of Punctuation
Punctuation serves a multitude of functions in written English. Perhaps the most fundamental role is to demarcate sentence boundaries, ensuring clarity and preventing run-on sentences. Commas, semicolons, and colons act as conductors within sentences, organizing clauses and creating a hierarchy of information. Punctuation also plays a crucial role in reflecting intonation. Periods denote a full stop, commas indicate pauses,
and question marks mimic the rising inflection of a question [3]. Masters of Ambiguity: How Punctuation Saves the Day
One of the most critical functions of punctuation is to eliminate ambiguity. A misplaced comma, for instance, can completely alter the meaning of a sentence. Consider the classic example: «Let's eat, Grandma» versus «Let's eat Grandma» In the first instance, the comma indicates a suggestion for a meal; in the second, a horrifying culinary proposition. Punctuation also helps differentiate between phrases and independent clauses. The sentence «The experiment failed because the equipment malfunctioned» conveys a clear cause-and-effect relationship, thanks in part to the well-placed comma.
Punctuation in the Digital Age: Evolving or Disappearing?
The rise of informal communication channels like social media and texting has sparked debate surrounding the future of punctuation. Some argue that these platforms foster a more relaxed approach to punctuation, with users prioritizing speed and brevity over strict adherence to grammatical rules. However, others contend that effective communication, even in digital spaces, still relies on proper punctuation to avoid misunderstandings. Conclusion
Punctuation, though often taken for granted, is an essential building block of clear and effective communication in English. From its historical development to its multifaceted roles in structuring sentences, reflecting intonation, and resolving ambiguity, punctuation serves as the silent conductor of meaning. As the landscape of communication continues to evolve, the importance of understanding and using punctuation effectively remains paramount. References:
1. Coulmas, F. (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell.
2. Parkes, M. B. (1992). Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West. Aldershot: Scolar Press.
3. Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). Spoken and Written Language. Oxford University Press.
© Atamuradova J., Hudayberdiyeva E., Amanova J., 2024
УДК 37
Atayeva O.,
teacher. Yoldashov G.,
student.
International Academy of Horse Breeding named after Aba Annaev.
Ovezsahedova N.
teacher
Pedagogical School named after Aman Kekilov Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES OF STEM Annotation
In recent times, STEM has become a buzz word in the educational milieu. Standing for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, STEM has attracted attention from stakeholders in the educational ecosystem and even politicians. They recognize that with the rapid pace at which science and technology are
