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Faraby divided the words used in the language of each nation into simple words and complex words according to their meanings. He writes about it as follows: "The words used in the language of every people are of two types according to the meaning they convey. Simple words and complex words" (2, 57). Reference
1. Abulgazi. Genealogical History. Ashgabat, 1992.
2. Al Faraby. О разуме и науке. Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1975.
3. Annaorazov J., Karli S., Kossekow D. History of the Middle Ages. Ashgabat, 2008.
4. Gullaev N. Antiquities. Ashgabat, 1986.
5. Gumilev L. N. Ancient Turks. M., 1967.
6. Old Turkic dictionary. L., 1969.
© Esenmadova A.D., 2024
УДК 37
Esenmadova A.D.
Candidate of philological sciences, senior lecturer of the department of Turkmen language of Turkmen State University named after Magtymguly
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
TURKIC LINGUIST ABU NASR AL FARABI Abstract
Abu Nasr Faraby, a multi-faceted scientist whose name spread to the world, was born in the year 870 (in some scientific sources in 873-874) in the city of Vesiz, Farap Province in Central Kazakhstan, to a Turkish family. At that time, the Oghuz, Kypjak, Gark, Sogdian, Yagma and other peoples lived in this province. Their languages, religions, customs and culture were different.
Key words:
middle Turkic period, Central Asia, science, achievements, language, dialect.
Эсенмадова А.,
кандидат филологических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры туркменского языка Туркменского государственного университета имени Махтумкули
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
ТЮРКСКИЙ ЛИНГВИСТ АБУ НАСР АЛЬ ФАРАБИ Аннотация
Абу Наср Фараби, многогранный учёный, имя которого облетело весь мир, родился в 870 году (в некоторых научных источниках в 873-874 годах) в городе Весиз Фарапской области Центрального Казахстана в турецкой семье. В то время в этой провинции проживали огузы, кыпчаки, гарки, согдийцы, ягмы и другие народы. Их языки, религии, обычаи и культура были разными.
Ключевые слова:
среднетюркский период, Средняя Азия, наука, достижения, язык, диалект.
There is no single opinion on the origin of Farabi. There are different views on this, as follows: Faraby was a Turk, he was a Persian. He was born in a Turkmen family that was part of the Kazakhs. Faraby was of the Turkmen-Seljuk nationality, he was born in the family of a noble military commander from the Garlyk or Oghuz tribe. Fluent in many languages, Farabi died at the age of 80 in December 947-950, in one source in Damascus, in another in his hometown (2, 5; 8, 70, 72, 80).
Al-Farabi in his time - in the first half of the 10th century - revealed the inextricable connection between human wisdom (mind, thinking) and life (being), that is, things in the outer world. Thus al-Farabi's idealist philosophers held that first there was an idea (consciousness, thought), and that everything in the world was created by an idea or the manifestation of an idea, and that the religious people first saw God, everything in the world, including man himself and his He completely denied his wisdom and belief that God created him. He proved that wisdom (intelligence, thinking) cannot exist before man.
This great sage was completely opposed to the fact that wisdom (mind, thinking) is born and arises in man. Dogabitdi emphasized that there is no educated person. Al Farabi emphasized that a person is not born intelligent and educated, but he is capable of becoming intelligent and educated. He said that all people have the potential and ability to be intelligent (2, XII-XIII). Al-Farabi also argued for authenticity on a scientific basis in other matters. That is why he always won scientific debates. At the same time, by advancing the above point of view, Faraby solved the main problem of philosophy - the relation of thought and mind to life from a materialistic point of view. He emphasized that human ability and intelligence are not innate or instinctive.
Faraby wrote about 160 scientific works on various branches of science. Among these works is Farabi's scientific work Kitab ihsa al wym (Cairo, 1931) ("The book on the classification of sciences"). An abridged version of this book is Al Farabi. It was published in a small book called О разуме и науке" (Alma-Ata, 1975) (i.e. "Al Faraby. About Reason and Science"). Faraby divided the sciences known up to his time into five groups in his scientific work "Book on the Classification of Sciences".
He has shown the sciences related to each of those five groups separately. During Faraby's lifetime and later, this work was considered a valuable activity. According to this, the mentioned book in the Arabs is recognized as a must-read book for all people who will engage in science (2,53,54).
When words are classified, it seems that the morphological structure of the words (nouns, pseudowords) is taken into account, and they are divided into simple words and complex words, because many languages have original words and pseudo-nouns. In fact, as Farabi himself pointed out, when words were divided into groups, their unconscious meanings, more precisely, their unconscious forms of thought (that is, the meaning of concepts or thinking) were taken into account. Accordingly, words expressing concepts were considered simple words, and words expressing thoughts were considered complex words. Each of these word groups is studied by the following sciences. Reference
1. Abulgazi. Genealogical History. Ashgabat, 1992.
2. Al Faraby. О разуме и науке. Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1975.
3. Annaorazov J., Karli S., Kossekow D. History of the Middle Ages. Ashgabat, 2008.
4. Gullaev N. Antiquities. Ashgabat, 1986.
5. Gumilev L. N. Ancient Turks. M., 1967.
6. Old Turkic dictionary. L., 1969.
© Esenmadova A.D., 2024
