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2УДК 81
Esenmadova A.D.
candidate of philological sciences, senior lecturer of the department of Turkmen language. Magtymguly Turkmen State University (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
THE LITERARY HERITAGE OF AL FARABY
Аннотация: Faraby understood very well that grammar is a science that studies the grammatical structure of a particular language. It clearly shows the problems being studied in grammar. He noted that each grammar describes the grammatical structure of a certain language, compares the grammatical structure of the language with the grammatical structure of another language, and reveals commonalities and features in the grammatical structure of the compared languages. Faraby wrote about it: "The grammar of each language analyzes the data of the language used by a particular people."
Ключевые слова: grammar, syntax, vocabulary, middle Turkic period, Central Asia, science, achievements, language, dialect.
It is assumed that the grammatical laws related to the word (for example, the formation of words, the declension of nouns, the change of nouns, singular, dual, plural numbers, gender, definiteness-uncertainty in nouns, the grammatical laws related to the connection types of words in phrases) belong to a certain language. , noted that the logical laws associated with words apply to all languages. He clearly explained that grammatical laws are fundamentally different from logical laws - logical laws are general, while grammatical laws are not. By showing the commonalities and fundamental differences between logic and grammar, logical laws and grammatical laws, language and thought, and explaining the inseparable connection between language and thought, Farabi made great scientific discoveries in the first half of the 10th century that have not lost their relevance even today.
In addition to the above-mentioned departments of linguistics, Al-Faraby also put forward valuable ideas about the issues studied by the departments of orthography, writing, rhetoric, and poetics. He focused on the problems of orthography (the part of linguistics that teaches the norms of vocabulary, words, affixes, sounds used in any language, correct pronunciation, correct speech). In the chapter "The Science of Letters (Yazuv - H.B)", the methods of writing the letters that mean speech sounds in Arabic writing, the correct reading of speech sounds that are expressed and not expressed by letters, different signs that show the boundaries of words and sentences, and their places... are detailed. He explained very well. He also gave brief information about rhetoric (the art of rhetoric, the theory of effective speech), rhetors (rhetors), poetics (a part of literary theory) (2, 63-66).
In general, this brilliant scientist, who devoted his whole life to science and was devoted to science, solved many problems related to logic and linguistics on a scientific basis. Ibn Khallikan wrote that Abu Nasr al-Farabi, who was born in a Turkish family, grew up, received education and upbringing, and was considered an Arabized Turk, "there is no one among the Muslims who can reach the level of science" (8,77).
This is due to Farabi's knowledge of ancient Greek, ancient Arabic, ancient Indian and other languages, noting that grammars written in many languages are also called logic, being thoroughly acquainted with the ideas of ancient scientists, writing many books in all fields of science, working in the daytime. , to live at the expense of his earnings, to engage in science by turning night into day by the light of the candle he bought, not to pay attention to the rulers' gifts, wedding favors, and all kinds of extravagance, to poor Al Farabi always winning the scientific debates held among scientists, equal in the Muslim world. It has led him to become a well-known multi-faceted scientist. He proved in practice that talent, intelligence and ability do not come naturally to a person with his excellent character, hard work, and achievements.
Aristotle is highly regarded as "the greatest thinker of antiquity". Faraba was named by his contemporaries as "the second teacher after Aristotle", "Aristotle of the East" (8, 97, 85). Based on the scientific works written by Farabi in many branches of science, the above names reached the level reached by Aristotle, the great Greek
scientist who lived in the 4th century of the previous epoch. In the first half of the 10th century, Farabi also reached the level of "the local great scientist Farabi was the greatest thinker not only in Central Asia, but also in the whole East." shows
Farabi's numerous scientific works, mentioned above and not mentioned, make it possible to say that he was not only an unparalleled scientist in the Muslim world, but he was also one of the giants who became widely known in the world of science with his scientific discoveries and achievements.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Abulgazi. Genealogical History. Ashgabat, 1992;
2. Al Faraby. О разуме и науке. Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1975;
3. Annaorazov J., Karli S., Kossekow D. History of the Middle Ages. Ashgabat, 2008.
