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Abstracts. PHYTOPHARM 2017
THE RUSSIAN "ADAPTOGEN" CONCEPT AND THE JAPANESE "HOZAI" CONCEPT - A COMPARISON
© Kuchta K.1, Cameron S.1, Rausch H.2
1 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Göttingen University, Germany;
2 Phytochem Referenzsubstanzen, Neu-Ulm, Germany
The terms "support preparation" (Hozai / Ml'J) or "support medicine" (Hoyaku / M^) in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine are used to describe preparations that are applied to stop or partially reverse symptoms of physical weakness and degenerative diseases. The two major single prescriptions of this category are Juzentaihoto [1] and
Hochuekkito [2, 3]. The Japanese national
health insurance mentions for Juzentaihoto the Western indications anaemia, decubitus ulcer, radiation sickness, and rheumatoid arthritis as well as supportive in tumour patients after operations and chemotherapy. The indications given by the Japanese national health insurance for Hochuekkito are restoring and improving general vigour, chronic gastritis, anorexia, myasthenia gravis, and atopic dermatitis. Additionally, as with Juzentaihoto, its supportive use before and after operations as well as radiation therapy is officially recommended. "Hozai" can be used in cases of typically geriatric ailments but also in any other case of physical decay. The basic concept of "Hozai" is therefore very similar to the concept of "Adaptogen" in European Phytotherapy of the Russian tradition. There is however
one essential difference: The term "Adaptogen" always refers to individual drugs and their extracts, whereas the term "Hozai" invariably denotes traditional prescriptions that are typically composed of 10 individual raw drugs each. Nevertheless, the relations of the two concepts becomes easily apparent on closer inspection, e.g. by the fact that Panax-ginseng- and Astragalus-membranaceus-root - two of the classical Russian "Adaptogens" - appear as essential component drugs of both of the Japanese "Hozai" preparations [4]. Future applications for "Adaptogens" and "Hozai" may lie in the prevention of muscle degradation under extreme conditions, e.g. for athletes in the regeneration phase or for cosmonauts suffering from the effects of weightlessness.
References:
1. JP XVI (2011): http://kconsort.umin.jp/JP/JP16E046.pdf.
2. JP XVI (2011): http://kconsort.umin.jp/JP/JP16E035.pdf.
3. Suppl II JP XVI (2014): http://kconsort.umin.jp/JP/ JP16s2E035.pdf.
4. Kuchta K: 3 Fachleute - 3 Behandlungsstrategien. Lebensverlängerndes Phytotherapeutikum weiterhin gesucht! Zkm, 2015, 6:40-41.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF A NOVEL PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC PREPARATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS ON THE BASIS OF TRADITIONAL JAPANESE KAMPO MEDICINE
© Frank L.1, Weimer K.1, Cameron S.2, Kuchta K.2, Rausch H.1
1 Phytochem Referenzsubstanzen, Neu-Ulm, Germany;
2 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Göttingen University, Germany
Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo) is an elemental part of the Japanese public health system. Kampo was developed in Japan based on works of ancient Chinese medicine and generated enough innovations to be regarded as an independent tradition by 1600 AD. Since the 1960s, traditional Kampo prescriptions - in contrast to TCM prescriptions standardized and invariable -were scientifically re-evaluated and approved as medicines. As of today, freeze-dried granules of up to 30% EtOH hot aqueous extracts of 148 Kampo prescriptions are covered by the Japanese public health insurance. One of these is Shikunshito (Panax ginseng, Atractylodes lancea, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis,
Ziziphus jujuba, Zingiber officinale). It is commonly used against cachexia, stomach complaints, and nausea; traditionally as an aqueous decoction similar to TCM. Here, a novel galenical for Shikunshito was developed in accordance with the EU directives for Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (tHMPs). A variety of extracts were prepared and phytochemically compared to the traditional decoction, industrial-type 30% EtOH hot aqueous extracts, and a MeOH full extract using TLC and HPLC. Moreover, a procedure was developed for reducing the content of simple oligosaccharides in the extract, thus lowering the required daily dose for the patient. In contrast to the Japanese daily dose of
Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] vol. 15/2017/suppLement 1
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