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757. Bazarova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 40.
THE FUNCTIONALITY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND THEIR USAGE Sultanov B.R.
Sultanov Bekhzod Rakhmankulovich - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the following article talks about the analyses of phraseological units. The author cites several examples that define the peculiar features ofphraseological units. Through the whole article it becomes clear that the author stands firm on the idea that phraseological units are based on the functional system of the language.
Keywords: nominative function, phraseological denominations, potential, pragmatic function, elements of the structure, neutrally-nominal, simultaneously, immediately, spatial.
UDC 81
Phraseological units have the definite program of functioning which is predetermined by their essence itself as A. V. Kunin puts it. Some functions are constant, i. e. inherent in all phraseological units in any conditions of their realization; other functions are variable, peculiar only to some classes of phraseological units. Communicative, cognitive and nominative functions refer to the constant functions.
The communicative function of phraseological units is their ability to serve as communicative or message means. Communication presupposes a mutual exchange of statements, and message presupposes the transfer of information without a feedback with the reader or the listener.
The neutrally-nominal function is the basic one for phraseological units, for example, brown paper. At realization of such phrases in communication the fact of a designation of the object is important, and not the stylistic use of the phrase. The nominal function is also characteristic for semantically transferred phraseological units.
«The process of cognition also includes such forms of cogitative activity, as foresight, fantasy, imagination, dream, intuition...». Cognitive and nominative functions are realized within the limits of communicative function, forming a dialectic unity, and all other functions are realized within the limits of the given functions. The hierarchy of the functional aspect of the phraseological system is shown in it. The semantic functions are voluntative (from Latin voluntas- will), deictic, resultative, etc. The voluntative function is the function of will expression. E. g.: Wish smb well — to wish good luck, success to smb, to treat smb benevolently: I wish Jane Fairfax very well; but she tires me to death (J. Austen). The major function of any unit of language including the phraseological unit is the pragmatic function, i.e. purposeful influence of a language sign on the addressee. The pragmatic orientation is peculiar to any text which influences phraseological units used in the text, and that is promoted by their considerable pragmatic potential [1, p. 78].
The stylistic function is a special, in comparison with neutral way of expression, purposefulness of language means for achievement of stylistic effect with preservation of the general intellectual content of the statement. The stylistic function realizes in speech connotative features of a phraseological unit. In the language there is only stylistic coloring. The idea about it is given by marks and comments in stylistic dictionaries which, unfortunately, are still far from being perfect. Comparison of a phraseological unit with its variable prototype also helps to reveal stylistic colouring.
The phraseological theory in its functional-semantic aspect, S.G. Gavrin singles out some functions of phraseological units. These functions are peculiar also to English phraseological units:
1) the expressively-figurative function (catch at a straw; forbidden fruit, etc.);
2) the emotionally-expressional function (damn your eyes!; go to the devil!);
3) the function of speech concision by omitting some components (do not count your chickens! instead of do not count your chickens before they are hatched).
Proverbs, especially short ones, even not of the reduced kind, carry out the function of speech laconisation, for example, prevention is better than cure - action taken to prevent an illness, dangerous event, etc., from taking place is wiser and more useful than any action that is taken to reduce its harmful effect. It is evident, that the definition is almost five times longer than the proverb itself [2, p. 243].
The semantic compression, characteristic for phraseological units, is one of the displays of language economy. All these functions, and also the function of hyperbolization and intensity are sub-kinds of the stylistic function. The cumulative function is peculiar, for example, to proverbs. They are generalization of life experience of the people.
References
1. Kunin A.V. Kurs fraseologi I sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika. 2-e izd. pererab. Moskva: Visshaya Shkola, 1996.
2. Mamatov A.E. Xozirgi zamon uzbek adabiy tilida leksik va frazeologik norma muammolari. Toshkent, 1991. 274 s.
3. Rashidov A.S. Interpretation and its peculiar features in communication // Nauchno'y jurnal. № 5 (18), 2017. S. 71.
4. Rahmonova K.T. Self study is a discovery of effective language learning strategy // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 42.
5. Mamatkulova B.R. Kontsept «ognya» i protsess ego izucheniya v istorii. // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 39.
6. Bazarova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 40.
FORMING SPELLING SKILLS OF YOUNGER LEARNERS WITHIN COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH Sultanov B.R.
Sultanov Bekhzod Rakhmankulovich - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, PHILOLOGY FACULTY, GULISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the communicative approach (Communicative Language Teaching) has become one the most widely used in ELT. Different scholars and linguists define this approach in various ways; however, most of the definitions encompass simultaneous forming and developing of four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) through communication and for communication. So this article deals with the precise definition of above mentioned phenomenon and its implementation in practice. Keywords: communicate, children, classroom, sound, spelling, words.
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UDC 81
Writing is the skill that enables person to communicate the message to the readers at close or far distance via various means in communication. The first significant step in
