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Boboyeva N. T.
Termiz davlat universiteti o'qituvchi b.f.f.d. (PhD) Surxondaryo, O'zbekiston
SURXONDARYO VILOYATI TAQIR O'TLOQI TUPROQLARIDA G'O'ZA KO'CHAT QALINLIGINING HOSILDORLIK VA KO'CHATLAR NOBUD BO'LISHIGA TA'SIRI
Annotatsiya. Tadqiqot Surxondaryo viloyati tuproq-iqlim sharoitida g'o 'zaning ko 'chat qalinligining hosildorlik va nobud bo 'lish jarayoniga ta 'sirini o 'rganishga qaratildi. Optimal ko 'chat qalinligi hosildorlikni oshirish va nobud bo 'lishni kamaytirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega ekani aniqlandi.
Kalit so'zlar: G'o'za ko'chat qalinligi, Surxondaryo viloyati, Hosildorlik, Ko 'chat nobud bo 'lishi, Optimal qalinlik, Tuproq-iqlim sharoiti, Havo va hasharotlar ta 'siri, O 'rta va ingichka tolali g'o 'za
Boboyeva N.T. Termez State University Teacher(PhD) Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan
IMPACT OF COTTON SEEDLING DENSITY ON YIELD AND MORTALITY IN THE SOIL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF SURXONDARYO REGION
Abstract. The study investigates the impact of cotton seedling density on productivity and seedling mortality in the soil and climate conditions of Surxondaryo region. Optimal seedling density significantly enhances yield while reducing plant losses.
Keywords. Cotton seedling density, Surxondaryo region, Yield, Seedling mortality, Optimal density, Soil-climatic conditions, Weather and insect impact, Medium and fine fiber cotton.
Chigit ekishni maqbul muddatlarda, agrotexnik talablarga to'liq rioya qilgan holda o'tkazish, nihollarni tuproqning tabiiy namligiga undirib olish paykallarda sog'lom, bir tekis nihollar hosil qilishni ta'minlaydi hamda mo'l va sifatli hosil yetishtirishga puxta zamin tayyorlaydi.
Ko'chat qalinligi g'o'za hosildorligini belgilovchi asosiy omillardan biri hisoblanib, g'o'zaning navi, tuproq iqlim sharoitiga qarab joylashtirish maqsadga muvofiq hisoblanadi. G'o'zaning ko'chat soni va uni dalada joylashishi hosildorlikni ta'minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
O'simlikxo'r qandalalar soni va g'o'za o'simligiga zararini o'rganishda ko'chat qalinligini ta'siri tajribada ilk bora o'rganilgan. Tajriba tizimiga muvofiq
'^KOHOMHKa h ^HyMM №11(126)-2 2024
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har xil ko'chat qalinligi (90-100; 110-120; 120-130 va 140-150 ming tup/ga) qoldirilganda qandalalar soni va zarari aniqlandi.
Surxondaryo viloyatining taqir o'tloqi tuproqlari sharoitida 2018-2020 yillarda o'tkazilgan tajriba ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, o'rta tolali g'o'zaning ko'chat qalinligi nazariy ko'chat soni 90-100 ming tup/ga bo'lganda o'rtacha 95,7-96,0 ming tup/gani; 110-120 ming tup/ga bo'lganda o'rtacha 116,5-117,1 ming tup/gani; ingichka tolali g'o'zaning nazariy ko'chat soni 120-130 ming tup/ga bo'lganda o'rtacha 124,5-124,8 ming tup/gani; 140-150 ming tup/ga bo'lganda o'rtacha 146,7-146,9 ming tup/gani tashkil etdi. Variantlar bo'yicha ko'chat qalinligi bir-biridan sezilarli farq qilmadi.
G'o'zani yagona qilishdan boshlab paxta terimigacha bo'lgan davr mobaynida noqulay ob-havo sharoiti, zararkunanda va kasalliklarning ta'sirida hamda kultivatsiya va chopiq o'tkazish, egat olish vaqtida o'simlikning shikastlanishi natijasida g'o'za tuplari 3,5-5,5 ming tupgacha nobud bo'lishi aniqlangan.
Amal davri oxirida olingan ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, o'rta tolali g'o'zaning ko'chat qalinligi o'rtacha 92,3-92,5 va 111,1-111,6 ming tup/gani, ingichka tolali g'o'zaning ko'chat qalinligi o'rtacha 120,6-120,9 va 141,6-141,9 ming tup/gani tashkil etib, amal davri boshiga nisbatan gektariga 3,5-5,5 ming tupgacha kamayganligi kuzatildi. Amal davri oxiri ko'chat soni ko'proq bo'lgan variantlarda ko'chatlarning nobud bo'lishi biroz ko'proq bo'ldi.
Amal davri oxirida ko'chatlarni nobud bo'lishiga ko'chat qalinligini ta'siri kuzatilib, ko'chat soni oshib borishi bilan ko'chatni nobud bo'lishi ham 1,7-2,0 ming tupgacha oshib borishi kuzatildi. Ya'ni, o'rta tolali g'o'za navida nazariy ko'chat soni 90-100 ming tup/ga bo'lganda amal davri oxirida ko'chatlarni nobud bo'lishi gektariga 3,5-3,7 ming tup bo'lsa, nazariy ko'chat soni 110-120 ming tup/ga bo'lganda nobud bo'lgan ko'chatlar 5,3-5,5 ming tup/ga bo'lganligi kuzatildi.
Ingichka tolali g'o'za navida ham amal davri oxirida nobud bo'lgan ko'chat soni 3,9-5,2 ming tup/ga bo'lib, "Surxon-103" g'o'za navi nazariy ko'chat soni gektariga 120-130 ming tup bo'lganda nobud bo'lgan ko'chatlar soni 3,9-4,0 ming tup/ga bo'lgan holda ko'chat qalinligi gektariga 10-20 ming tupga oshirilishi bilan nobud bo'lgan ko'chatlar soni ham 1,0-1,3 ming tup/ga oshib 5,0-5,2 ming tup/ga ni tashkil etdi.
Demak, Surxondaryo viloyatining taqir o'tloqi tuproqlari sharoitida o'rta va ingichka tolali g'o'za navlari maqbul ko'chat qalinligida parvarishlanganda, g'o'zaning o'sish va rivojlanishi normal me'yorda bo'lishi, hashorat va kasalliklarga chidamliligi oshishi hisobiga amal davri oxirida ko'chatlarning nobud bo'lishi kamroq bo'lib mo'l paxta hosili olinadi.
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