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year. It is located in Frankfurt, Germany.
In 1988, the bilateral US-Canada Free Trade Agreement is signed. In 1994, the agreement to establish a Free Trade Area (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada and Mexico was a new stage in the development of international economic relations between these countries. The purpose of this tripartite agreement is to create a common economic space by removing customs barriers between the countries and to ensure the movement of the four freedoms. They are:
1. Goods
2. Service
3. Capital
4. Workforce
NAFTA does not have a unified economic and monetary policy compared to the European Union. Integration in Latin America was associated with the creation of the Latin American Free Trade Association in 1960, which included the following countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Ecuador. In 1995, Mercosur, a common market between Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, was created. Since the 80s of the 20th century, the economic development of the Asia-Pacific region has been gaining momentum. As a region, the "Asian Quadrilateral" of international business was formed in this region.
1. Japan
2. China
3. The newly industrialized nations
4. Association of Southeast Asian Nations
On August 8, 1967, ASEAN was established in Bangkok. Literature
1. www.salamnews.com
2. www.turkmenportal.com
© Atdayev Y.D., Tokayeva N., Allaberdieva O.A., Artykow M., 2024
УДК 514.1
Atdayev Y.D.
Student Institute оf Engineering-Technical аnd Transport Communications оf Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Turkmenistan.
Ramazanov K.
Student Institute оf Engineering-Technical аnd Transport Communications оf Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Turkmenistan.
Palvanov M.
Student Institute оf Engineering-Technical аnd Transport Communications оf Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Turkmenistan.
Orazov M.
Student Institute оf Engineering-Technical аnd Transport Communications оf Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Turkmenistan. Scientific adviser: Rejepova L.
Teacher Institute оf Engineering-Technical аnd Transport Communications оf Turkmenistan
Ashgabat Turkmenistan.
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL
International business is the sum of business relationships between firms or their divisions located in
different countries.
International business is based on opportunities to take advantage of the features of international business processes. This situation not only characterizes the international situation, but also explains the emergence and development of international management.
American scientist R. Robinson divided the last five centuries of international business history into four periods:
I. tammercial era (1500-1850)
II. The Age of Possession (1850-1914)
In the era of expansion, international business found itself in areas that are still relevant today:
- using more efficient resources (raw materials, natural, energy);
- expanding markets for goods;
- opportunity to deposit unused funds
- using the useful possibilities of local legislation (tax, customs, etc.).
III. Concession Era (1914-1945)
IV. Era of nation states (1945-1970)
V. Era of globalization (1970-present)
Development factors of international business:
1. The level of integration of the business of the company of country A with the business of country B, that is, one-time export-import operations do not belong to international business, because these operations can be carried out within the country. If the company of country A opens its branch in country B and establishes production and hires local labor resources, then this business can be called an international business that includes all guarantees.
2. The popularity of business depends on the degree of cultural similarity between countries. The more similar the countries' cultures are, the clearer it will be to organize international business and international management .
In the context of the globalization of the world economy, modern international business is characterized
by:
1. generality and accessibility - the opportunities of economic entities participating in international business should not be limited, but they should also comply with the rules of international business;
2. gradual development - every enterprise starts from simple export-import operations, turns into large corporations in recent years, and can effectively use the international markets of labor, capital and other resources by gaining experience.
3. technological globalization of the economy - the development of computer and telecommunication technologies, through which access to the markets of various goods, capital, labor and other resources makes it possible to conduct international business without leaving the workplace;
4. offshore zones - the main source of conducting international business is the company's capital. Offshore zones created in different countries, firstly, allow them to increase their capital, and secondly, the circulation money resources of those countries are created ;
5. the complexity of national and international relations - in the era of globalization, the strategy of each firm should optimally coordinate the national characteristics of the country in its work.
Literature
1. www.salamnews.com
2. www.turkmenportal.com
© Atdayev Y.D., Ramazanov K., Palvanov M., Orazov M., 2024
