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51Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-37-40
ENGLISH TOPONYM TRANSLATION METHODS IN RUSSIAN
LANGUAGE
Dilarom Abdukadirovna Safarova
Teacher of Termez state university
Kamila Bahtiyorovna Khasanova
Teacher of Termez state university
ABSTRACT
This article is devoted to English place names, their classification, periods of development, as well as the main methods of translating English geographic names into Russian. Place names are linguistic signs of a particular language that form a toponymic system or toponymy. The ethnotonyms of the British toponymic system are the county of Essex-territory of the East Saxons, Sussex-South Saxons, Wessex-West Saxons, Middlesex-Middle Saxons. The ways of translating toponyms are practical transcription, transliteration and descriptive.
Keywords: toponyms, toponymic system, semantic classification, translation methods, affixes, UK toponyms, practical transcription, geographic names
INTRODUCTION
Addressing the problem associated with English language toponyms and methods of their translation into Russian is becoming more and more urgent. Translation of English geographic names is a complex and special process associated with the interlanguage functioning of proper names. When highlighting the problem associated with the functioning of toponyms and the correctly selected method of interpretation, we needed to identify the concepts of the toponymic system, the semantic classification of toponyms and the main methods of translation as transliteration and transcription.
METHODOLOGY
A toponym is a symbol, an emblem, a sign name, behind which there is a certain kind of information (Kostamarov, Burvikova 2003p. 34). Linguistic and regional studies consider toponyms as cultural units of the language and as a base of knowledge about the country. Geographic names are a specific object of linguistic and regional studies. "Place names are not simple terms of geographical science, they
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454
Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-37-40
have vivid cultural components of their semantics." (Vereshchagin, Kostomarov 1990, p. 59) Linguists such as A. V. Superanskaya, L. Uspensky, V. D. Belenkaya, E. M. Berezovskaya, N. N. Bykhovets, W. Hamilton and others were involved in the definition of problems associated with toponymy. A significant contribution to the study of English-language toponyms was made the Swedish linguist E. Ekvouly and the Englishman R. Coates.
RESULTS
Place names are associated with a category of geographic features. Toponymic denotations are used for continents, oceans, seas, countries, lakes, rivers, islands, settlements, cities, streets, etc. There are the following types of toponyms: Oikonyms-(ver. Oikos-dwelling, onyma- name, name) the name of the inhabited places; Hydronyms - river names; Oronyms are the names of mountains; Urbanonyms - the names of urban objects; Hodonyms-street names; Agoronyms - names of squares; Macrotoponyms - names of large objects; Microtopony-names of small objects Anthroponyms are the names of geo objects produced on a personal behalf. A. H. Smith, a well-known linguist, in his research entitled "English Place-Names Elements" (1956), identified 3 groups of English toponyms: 1) simple names 2) complex names consisting of two components 3) complex names with the addition of an affix Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans contributed to the development of English culture and language, influencing the place names of the British Isles. Consider the UK place names in chronology: Celtic period - from XI BC-I century AD, this period is characterized by words and affixes like "breco" -high hill - Brandon, Brewood; "Dun" -fortress-Donnington; "Pen" - Hall-Penrith, Penistone They are located in the territory of the modern counties of Dorsetshire, Yorkshire. The period of Roman Britain begins in the 1st-5th centuries AD "chester, caster" -Doncaster, Chesterfield, Manchester. Anglo-Saxon period from V-IX centuries.n. e. "Borne" spring, brook-Sherbourne, Winterbourne. The period of the Scandinavian conquest (IX-XI centuries AD) -bea, -bell with the meaning beautiful, beautiful. For example, Beaminster Hampshire, Belford, Bellingham. Analyzing these examples, it is possible to determine that Celtic place names describe the landscape feature of the area. Practical transcription is the main method for translating a toponym into Russian. Its goal is maximum accuracy and approximation in the transmission of the sound of the name in the original language of the language into which the translation is carried out. For example, Cambridge-Cambridge,
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-37-40
London-London (E. M. Pospelov, 2001). CONCLUSION
When translating a toponym, one should revise an authoritative publication in Russian, such as a geographical atlas or a dictionary of names. In this article, the actual concepts associated with geographical names, toponymy of English-speaking countries were raised, one of the translation methods known as practical transcription. The above materials show that toponyms have bright, historical and cultural components in their semantics. Correctly selected translation of English place names into Russian is a complex process and requires careful research.
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Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 5 | May, 2022 | SJIF: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | ISRA: JIF 1.947 | Google Scholar |
www.carjis.org DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-5-37-40
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