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18ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ НА УКИ / JURIDICAL SCIENCES
UDC 324:316.346.32-053.6 ELECTORAL ACTIVITY AS FACTOR OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH
©Jianmuratova G., National university of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, [email protected]
ЭЛЕКТОРАЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ КАК ФАКТОР ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ
СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ МОЛОДЕЖИ
©Жиянмуратова Г. Ш., Национальный университет Узбекистана им. Мирзо Улугбека,
г. Ташкент, Узбекистан, [email protected]
Abstract. In given article is considered question to electoral activity as factor to political socialization youth. Future development of Uzbekistan society mainly dependent on youth; their professional knowledge degree, spiritual and behavioral qualities, especially their extent of electoral culture. We can estimate political behavior as youth's articulating their position as citizens. An electoral activity represents the unique form in which subject of electoral process actively attends at election sand referendums for government organs according to their individual wishes. Electoral activity as a system consists of following elements: object, subject, objective, forms, circumstances, motives and norms, consequences and action process. Stability, independence, prosperity, military power, economic development indicators, security of national interest issues of the country and main activity base of society and government mainly dependent on the human factor. This plays a significant role in the process of modernization.
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается вопрос электоральной деятельности как фактор политической социализации молодежи. Будущее развитие общества Узбекистана в основном зависит от молодежи; их профессиональной квалификации, духовных и поведенческих качеств, особенно их степени избирательной культуры. Мы можем оценить политическое поведение, поскольку молодежь формулирует свою позицию как граждан. Электоральная активность представляет собой уникальную форму, в которой субъект избирательного процесса активно посещает на избирательных референдумах для государственных органов в соответствии с их индивидуальными пожеланиями. Избирательная деятельность как система состоит из следующих элементов: объекта, субъекта, цели, форм, обстоятельств, мотивов и норм, последствий и действий. Стабильность, независимость, процветание, военная мощь, показатели экономического развития, безопасность национальных интересов страны и основная база деятельности общества и правительства в основном зависят от человеческого фактора. Это играет значительную роль в процессе модернизации.
Keywords: youth, electoral activities, political socialization.
Ключевые слова: молодежь, электоральная деятельность, политическая социализация.
The first president of Uzbekistan I. A Karimov's political and legal doctrine including the meaning of the concept of further deepening democratic changes and creating the base of civil society is continually being applied to social life these days.
Specifically, free election of population and principles of articulating their wishes, first of all, individual's constitutional right to elect and to be elected to the government representative organs are the core objective of our national model. "Elections-very vital and significantly important issue showing how effective legal norms in our country are in a democratic behavior, the main sign of democratic legal country, nations' freely expressing their desires, fundamental form of participating citizens in state and community administration" [1, p. 35].
Future development of Uzbekistan society mainly dependent on youth; their professional knowledge degree, spiritual and behavioral qualities, especially their extent of electoral culture. We can estimate political behavior as youth's articulating their position as citizens. "Political behavior itself illustrates internal effects (idea, imagination, reflection, adjustment, faith and etc.) and observing activity (participating in elections, discontent or showing supportive behavior, approving or lobbying, organizing meetings)". To a higher extent, "political" behavior comes into existence in any institutional situation (family, business, religion) [2, p. 90].
An electoral activity represents the unique form in which subject of electoral process actively attends at election sand referendums for government organs according to their individual wishes.
Furthermore, electoral activity contains attempts meeting and realizing social interests and objectives organized on the basis of an electoral system of subjects.
As mentioned earlier, we can summarize that electoral activity as a system consists of following elements: object, subject, objective, forms, circumstances, motives and norms, consequences and action process.
Now in developing world globalization and democratization processes, Uzbekistan like other minority of countries, identifying clearly and noticeably its objectives, coalescing principles common to all mankind, going towards free and established society by significant steps. This is as vital assignments of society — developing social and political institutions, which are guaranteeing rights of all citizens living in this society, reflecting desires and creating system of "government and citizen" relations became one of the significant issues in government policy.
The consistency of the process, content and guarantees of carried democratic reforms are our young generation. As I. A. Karimov said, "We all know each nation, each country, basically, see the great power of showing peculiarity and dignity of the nation and of turning their desires into reality on the face of their children, their young generation" [3, p. 34]. So, providing consistency of the processes and developing that matters play important role in Uzbekistan.
Additionally, problems of political socialization playing such an important role today that most of the social-political subjects are referring to the matter as their objective. As seen from this matter, we consider political socialization from the sociologic point of view. Thus, political socialization consists of political knowledge, beliefs, limits and norms that allow actively participate in the political life and period of acquiring modesty of attempts. Consequently, "strengthening democratic beliefs, increasing their political and civil activity, expanding and deepening scale of democratic changes" [4, p. 40] should be formed in minds of youth. As we mentioned earlier, mechanism of attracting youth to political life is complicated and have several steps. In general, political socialization process of youth come to an effect by specially organized upbringing measurements in objective circumstances besides complicated and different situations. Political socialization in one hand recommends certain idea, outlook or doctrine to be "put forward" or "created", on the other hand, it includes carrying on propaganda and "consuming" that views. This system is first of all held by media, schools (gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums), universities
and other social-political institutions. In this process role of the government, a policy carried out by the government is significant.
As sociologist F. Wasburn said political socialization, in fact, depends on its subjects — youth. The principal reason for choosing youth is that — they are main carriers of information from one generation to the other. He divided basic youth socialization period into following stages: -from 3 years to 7 years: this stage is a chief period of accepting and at the same time, it is the first stage of socialization; -from 8 to 19 years: in this duration of time the result of the first stage is being observed. In this stage, socialization becomes even "solid" (further develops); -from 21 to 30 is estimated as a period when one can clearly beneficial to both government and society [5, pp. 1-26].
Moreover, from adolescence youth times, a period of growing up is important to both political socialization of youth and development of political culture [6, p. 97].
It is important to emphasize that youth's electoral activity shown by directly participating in election processes effect immediately to their latter processes of political socialization in the future. In other words, after 18 years youth go the new stage of political socialization. Young electorates who started to participate directly in elections can observe this process internally, practically acquire its rules and each time they attend at elections and referendums they obtain new knowledge and skills.
This process helps them practice acquired knowledge in primary socialization period and develop individual position towards given issue. Youth have an advantage over adults that they are able to change completely their individual position in the future. Because youth as the special layer, as we mentioned previously, have not found their strong and certain position in social life, are changeable and interested in innovation.
Furthermore, youth are at the level between primary and secondary socialization. Young electorates form political socialization by directly attending at elections face adaptation and identification processes.
When youth become active, being equipped with political culture and realized deeply its significance, currently spread "unfamiliar ideological effects" would be eliminated. As I. A. Karimov noted, "It should be clear that, where carelessness and apathy rule, most significant problems are left inattentively, their spiritual life becomes a weak point. Or otherwise-where attentiveness and devotion oversee spiritual life becomes even stronger" [7, p. 116].
Especially, these days preceding situations identify political socialization to be connected straightly with youth. In other words, when political socialization becomes meaningful, everyone's long-term objectives and interests, basically, it serves to affect the future of the nation, youth immediately accept and positive attitude is formed towards that issue, moreover, it helps to strengthen democratic reforms in society.
Thus, in political socialization by different publicity technologies it recommends which ideology or idea should be applied, they will have youth with spiritually prosperity, patriotic feelings and contemporary knowledge. Most importantly, youth are far more initiator, motivated and fast accepting than another layer of the population. It does not matter which objective dominates, they pay attention to the matters on their own understanding. Because youth are in formulating stage of physiological and psychological development, they have a stronger interest in innovation and accepting it as a belief and habit.
In addition, youth are more dedicated to negative situations than social-spiritual and other matters and different from others with immediate adaptation to social changes. They belong to such social level of the society that they have strong ability to feel and understand the connection between theory and practice. In order to help them to find right way is, first, to form positive ideology of the nation and educate them properly. In this situation, political socialization plays important "spiritual education".
Political socialization and youth behavioral connection maintain the security of the society. "Each country and any nation is strong not only with its subterranean and land natural resources, military forces or production capacity but also, of course, high spiritually developed and educated youth" [8, p. 5].
These days further development of political socialization process and carrying on a propaganda among youth have special aspects which are described as following:
First of all, education and spiritual development of youth, political idea and thought issues become important matter in such globalization process.
Secondly, any changes, innovation, being special "conductive" level of development processes has positive implications and at the same time probability of being a target to threatens and risks requires a special approach to the problem.
In order to prevent such risks from turning to threatens, protect society from effects of social-political fundamental ideas, basically, bringing up new generation with ideas common to all mankind and tendencies common to all nations, increasing responsibility of youth for stability of the society; issues of producing cultural-spiritual and social-political measures-first of all, liberty of mankind and positive thinking matters should be jointly conducted with the latter matters.
Thirdly, in Uzbekistan playing government as main political institution reformer in any spheres does not mean its dominance as a monopoly, but it means government's refusal on intervention in any fields of society as administrator and controller. It is important to emphasize that stability, independence, prosperity, military power, economic development indicators, security of national interest issues of the country and main activity base of society and government mainly dependent on the human factor. This plays a significant role in the process of modernization.
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Работа поступила Принята к публикации
в редакцию 15.07.2018 г. 18.07.2018 г.
Cite as (APA):
Jianmuratova, G. (2018). Electoral activity as factor of political socialization of youth. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 4(8), 268-272.
Ссылка для цитирования:
Jianmuratova G. Electoral activity as factor of political socialization of youth // Бюллетень науки и практики. 2018. Т. 4. №8. С. 268-272. Режим доступа: http://www.bulletennauki.com/jianmuratova (дата обращения 15.08.2018).
