CC BY
27Developmental study of cotton stalk puller performance Khudoyorov A.1, Tursunov O.
Исследование развития производительности корчевателя стеблей
хлопчатника
1 2 Худоёров А. Н. , Турсунов О. А.
'Худоёров Анварджан Назирджанович / Khudoyorov Anvarjon Nazirjonovich - кандидат
технических наук, доцент, кафедра использования и ремонта сельскохозяйственной техники, факультет агроинженерии,
Андижанский сельскохозяйственный институт; 2 Турсунов Ойбек Абдухалимович / Tursunov Oybek Abduhalimovich - бакалавр систем наземного
транспорта, магистрант, кафедра автомобилестроения и тракторостроения, факультет машиностроения, Андижанский машиностроительный институт, г. Андижан, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: the most part of cultivated area in Uzbekistan is devoted to cotton production. Manual pulling of cotton stalks after picking cotton is difficult and time consuming for the manual power, which could be devoted to some other productive work. This article describes the machine designed and constructed for pulling and baling procedure of cotton stalks at the same time.
Аннотация: большая часть посевных площадей в Узбекистане посвящена производству хлопка. После сбора хлопка вручную вытягивать стебли хлопчатника трудно, использование ручной силы отнимает много времени, которое могло бы быть посвящено какой-либо другой продуктивной работе. В данном исследовании описана машина, которая была сконструирована и изготовлена для протяжки и одновременного вязания стеблей хлопчатника.
Keywords: cotton stalk, cotton stalk puller.
Ключевые слова: стебли хлопчатника, корчеватель стеблей хлопчатника.
Introduction
Cotton is a versatile fiber crop, grown commercially in many countries throughout the world. According to [1] the benefits from using the cotton stalks are general such as renewable raw material to boards industries, generation of rural employment. It also used as a firewood for households. Moreover, pull of old roots and stems is needed to combat plant diseases.
Many people will be involved on daily wages in collecting, cleaning and chipping cotton stalks. Manual pulling of cotton stalks is difficult and time consuming for the manual power, which could be devoted to some other productive work. Therefore, planning, and development are needed to develop equipment and methods to meet the requirements of stalks clearing. Stated that in conventional method, cotton stalks and their roots were removed using deep tillage and stalks were gone and scattered during forward movement of tractor, whereas the remains were mixed with the soil. After that, people must be involved in collecting and baling cotton stalks [2]. The disadvantages of conventional method are spending more money and time to perform collecting and baling the stalks.
Therefore, designed a mechanization, which can pull and bale four rows of cotton at same time.
Description of new mechanization
In this research in order to overcome these problems, the mechanization was designed for pulling and baling cotton stalks in one tillage by changing existing version of cotton stalk puller called Grubber-swather. To finding proper conditions of machine performance, there are some variable parameters in machine, which the level of this variation was found using theoretical methods. By changing of parameters in determined level, appropriate combination will be achieved to get the most machine efficiency.
As mentioned in this research, the machine was designed with 4 rows in 1 pass (see figure 1). Each rows has rippers that were placed in series. Distance between rippers is at the same point to cotton rows. They pluck up the cotton stalks and their roots from the soil, and three-ply cogwheel-disc followers provide the stalks not to be scattered and collect all four row's stalks in one. Each triple of cogwheel-discs are driven by a tractor with propeller shaft. Cogwheel-disc followers are fitted to the frame as depth of discs and are easily height adjustable for differing field conditions.
Fig. 1. Scheme of the mechanization: 1 - disc follower, 2 - rippers, 3 - wall, 4 -baling mechanism, 5 - needle, 6 - former
Collected stalks in one row come face to next part of mechanization called baling mechanism (see figure 2). Baling mechanism consists of knotter disc, knotting finger, gear wheel, twine holder, knife, needle, etc. baling mechanism also is driven by a tractor with the same propeller shaft with rippers [6].
When the correct size of bale is achieved, a mechanism wraps the bale with twine and ties it securely. The twine is carried on spool and fed through a curved needle that is timed to miss the cycle of the plunger. After the twine is in place, a gear mechanism called a knotter ties the knot and cuts the twine free of the supply spool. All of this motion occurs in less than two seconds. After it is tied, the bale is pushed down the bale chute and falls to the ground [7].
1
Fig. 3. a) Scheme of baling mechanism: 1 - knotter disc, 2 - knotting finger, 3 - knotter body, 4 - twine holder, 5 - knife. b) General view of baling mechanism
Conclusion
In Uzbekistan cotton ripens in September and collected the roots and stems in November. And the stalks are usually fresh (humid) when it is collected. It's impossible to bale the fresh stalks in big pressed square bales for precaution of stalks rot. So that there is a need for baling in non-pressed small bale.
Nowadays winter wheat is used to sow in cotton rows after first picking up (because wheat should be sowed in September-October in Uzbekistan). The problem is when cotton stalks are pulled, the wheat seedlings will be putted of.
By implementing this theoretical study a mechanization can be constructed that can pull and bale simultaneously by changing existing versions of cotton stalk puller named Grubber-swather. Resulting in it, the harvesting process of stalks and cleaning cotton fields will be accelerated and simplified after picking cotton up. Additionally, it enables to sow winter wheat in early deserted fields.
References
1. Patil G., Shaik H, Balasubranarrya M. Liker P., Varadarjan V. Cotton plant stalk-An Alternative Raw material to Board on cotton industry. Central institute for research on cotton technology. Mumbai 400019 India; 2006.
2. Elnougomi A. Gadir, Taief M. Gibreel. Development of tractor operated cotton stalk puller. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 3 (3): 495-505, 2013.
3. Mostof Sarkari M. R., Minaee S. Evaluation of a cotton stalk puller performance. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2 (1): 19-24, 2008.
4. Aloisio Bianchini, Pedro H. de M. Borges. Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers. The Journal of Engenharia Agrícola, № 5 Jaboticabal, Sept./Oct. 2013.
5. Cotton stalk puller. Available at: Multi farming systems Company. URL: http://multifarmingsystems.com.au/products/cotton-stalkpuller/ (date of access: 8.07.2016).
6. Adjustment of the knotter in big baler. [Electronic resource]. Available at: Ibrahim Suliman maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery page. URL: http://ebraheemseleman.blogspot.com/2013/07/adjustment-of-knotter-in-big-baler-1.html/ (date of access: 10.07.2016).
7. Hay Baler. [Electronic resource]: Available at: Hay Baler Forum. URL: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Hay-Baler.html/ (date of access: 11.07.2016).
О возможности применения адаптивных технологий в компьютерных играх Коротаев А. С.
Коротаев Арсений Сергеевич /Кого1аву Аюепу 8е^ееу1ек - магистр прикладной математики
и информатики,
кафедра математического обеспечения вычислительных систем, механико-математический факультет, Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, г. Пермь
Аннотация: за последние два года в 1Т индустрии наблюдается стремительный рост интереса крупных компаний к системам, позволяющим лучше «понимать» пользователей. Это не обошло и компьютерные игры. В данной статье мы рассмотрим, как применение адаптивных технологий может позволить качественно улучшить игровой процесс.
