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27Analysis of the work of cotton stalk pullers Tursunov O.
Анализ работы корчевателей стеблей хлопчатника Турсунов О. А.
Турсунов Ойбек Абдухалим угли / Tursunov Oybek Abduhalim ugli - магистрант, кафедра автомобилестроения и тракторостроения, факультет машиностроения, Андижанский машиностроительный институт, г. Андижан, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: this article analyzes methods and technology of field removal from cotton stalks with cotton stalk harvesting machines. Discussed their performance and operating principles in a comparative way.
Аннотация: в статье анализируются методы и технологии освобождение полей от стеблей хлопчатника со стеблеуборочных машин. Обсудили принципы эффективности и эксплуатации в сравнительном пути.
Keywords: cotton stalk; cotton stalk puller.
Ключевые слова: стебли хлопчатника, корчеватель стеблей хлопчатника.
Introduction
According to statistics, Uzbekistan's irrigated land, which is suitable for agriculture amounts to 3695.1 thousand. Ha (inf. 2014). 1298.0 thousand hectares of these are cotton fields [3]. This means that 35.1% of the total irrigated area. Uzbekistan ranks sixth in the world in terms of production of cotton fiber and fifth in its export [4]. Achievements such good result shows done a large amount of research works in field of cotton production in the country and implemented in practice. The use of mechanization for the majority of work on the cultivation of cotton today, proves the above.
Rapid release the fields from stalks - one of the important conditions for the timely autumn plowing and sowing of winter wheat in the best agronomic terms in open way.
If you plow the whole stems, they do not have time to decompose during the winter period. In the future, they interfere the row cultivation. In addition, plowing with cotton stalks of fields infected with wilt contributes to the spread of the disease of cotton.
In the fields infected with wilt and other diseases necessary to provide grubbing stems from the root system, collection stems in whole or in shredded form, loading into trucks and hauling out of bounds in the harvesting of cotton stalks technology
In the fields, not infected with wilt and other diseases, necessary to provide uprooting stems from the root system, crushing into pieces 3-5 cm, evenly spreading the field and deep plowing.
Qualitative indicators of technology
Stalk harvesting machines have three diverse operations: uprooting the stalks from the soil, transporting and feeding them to a chopping machine, shredding and collecting into a storage bunker.
Writhing working organs loosen the soil up to the main root distribution depth (8-12 cm), tear them at a depth of 25-30 cm from the surface of the ridge and writhe stems with roots. In addition, the writhing working organs partially crumble the soil.
For clearing and collecting the stalks in bundles or swaths used four-row-stubbing swather KV-4 row spacing 60 cm, and 3.6 for the KV-3,6 -row spacing of 90 cm [5].
Shredding apparatus (Fig. 1) necessary to chop the stalks, uprooted cotton roots into pieces of no more than 5 cm. Scattering on the field should be shredded mass is evenly over the entire width of the machine. Crushed mass losses when collecting into a storage bunker must not exceed 2%.
Fig. 1. ISX 3.6 cotton stalk chopper is in the field [6]
Work technology
When moving along the rows of bushes grabber swathers guide grate directed to the rotating finger disc followers, captured them, getting between the finger discs and guide grate and transported between them.
At the same time rippers legs, buried in the soil rows, loosen it in the root zone of plants, disrupting the bush with soil. As the stalks move to finger followers, bushes completely uproot.
Recent followers move uprooted with extreme rows of stems between the guide grate (external and internal) to the middle rotating finger disc followers. These followers capture stems and bring them to the uprooted stems of middle row.
Middle follower fingers move uprooted stems of the two rows between the central grate and the continuation of extreme grate to the center where the unit in the space swath or bundles, limited front grate and behind enclosed molder. There uprooted four rows of the stalks are reduced to a single thread, and formed into bundles or roll in one row depending on the setting of molder.
To form a sheaf molder rods installed in closed position by a spring. Under pressure of bushes at the moment of complete formation of the sheaf sheaf rods are bred to the limit, leaving a bundle on the ground. Then the rods under the action of the spring back to its original position, the formation of another sheaf continues.
KIR-1,5 - trailer instrument is aggregated with tractors of class 0.9 and 1.4 with the propeller shaft of the tractor, hammer knives on the drum mowing, mass is crushed and transported to the chute from where it is exposed to the air stream, promoted by the rotating drum and deflector directed into the trailer or vehicle.
Working widths of KIR is 1,5-1,5 m; the minimum height of cutting is 50 mm, max -400 mm; length of pieces of crushed stalks 12-200mm.
After cleaning, the fields will have autumn and winter works for the next year [1].
References
1. Lukin Vladimir, Ganiev M. S., Zhukov N. etc. Machines for the comprehensive mechanization of cotton growing. Tashkent, 1961. P 714.
2. Mikayilov D. K. The development of clean technology fields from guzapai: Cand. Dis. Dr. techn. Sc. Ganja, 1993.
3. [Electronic resource]: Kun Uz. URL: http://kun.uz/uz/news/2016/03/28/2015-yilda-ozbekistonda-qishloq-hojaligi-mahsulotlari-etishtirish-hajmi-4228-trln (treatment date: 18.07.16).
4. [Electronic resource]: Uzbekistan Satellite. URL:http://ru.sputniknews-uz.com/economy/20151007/670835.html (treatment date: 20.07.2016).
5. [Electronic resource]: Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. URL: http://selskoe_hozyaistvo. academic.ru/1377/KopneBaTenb (treatment date: 10.05.16).
6. Hodzhagulyev Ya., Shammedov M. Technology calculation cotton stalks chopper. Young scientist. № 8 (112), 2016. 840.
