Научная статья на тему 'АЛЖИР - РОССИЯ: ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЕ КРИЗИСАМ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ЦЕЛОСТНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА (1991-2021) (ВТОРАЯ ЧАСТЬ - РОССИЯ)'

АЛЖИР - РОССИЯ: ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЕ КРИЗИСАМ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ЦЕЛОСТНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА (1991-2021) (ВТОРАЯ ЧАСТЬ - РОССИЯ) Текст научной статьи по специальности «История и археология»

CC BY
48
12
i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.
Ключевые слова
ЭКОНОМИКО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕФОРМЫ В РОССИИ / РЕИНЖИНИРИНГ РОССИЙСКОЙ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ / ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА / ИНОСТРАННОЕ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВО / СТРАТЕГИЯ РОССИЙСКО-АЛЖИРСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ

Аннотация научной статьи по истории и археологии, автор научной работы — Хербаши A., Бельхамити M. Э. M.

В данной статье рассматриваются параллели в организации процесса экономико-политических реформ в Российской федерации в период с 1991 по 2021 годы и Народной Демократической Республике Алжир. Анализируются некоторые внутренние и внешние кризисы, с которыми Россия столкнулась в период с 1991 года, в связи с распадом СССР, до 2021 года. Эта ситуация подтолкнула Россию, особенно во время правления Владимирa Путина, к проведению экономических и социальных конституционных реформ в рамках реинжиниринга политической системы, чтобы гарантировать преемственность государства и установить факторы его влияния. В статье затрагиваются вопросы борьбы с дисбалансами в политической системе России (1991-2000 гг.) и ее реинжиниринга (2000-2021 гг.). на основе аналитического, исторического и сравнительного подходов. В результате выявлено реальное сходство эволюции политической системы РФ и Алжира в борьбе с кризисами в течение последних 30 лет (1991-2021 гг.) и попытками иностранного вмешательства с целью дестабилизации этих двух стран; а также сходство реформ, предпринятых для защиты национальных интересов государства. Выявленные факторы составляют консенсусную основу для усиления стратегии сотрудничества двух стран в различных областях.

i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.
iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.
i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.

ALGERIA AND RUSSIA: CONFRONTING CRISES AND MAINTAINING THE GOVERNMENT INTEGRITY BETWEEN 1991 AND 2021 (SECOND PART - RUSSIA)

The article suggests the parallels in the organization of the economic and political reforms in the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2021 and the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria. Some external and internal crises which Russia encountered in the period from 1991 - as the implication of the collapse of the USSR - up to 2021 are thoroughly analyzed in the paper. The situation enabled the Russian authorities, especially during Vladimir Putin, to conduct economic and social constitutional reforms so that the political system be reengineered with the guarantee of succession of central power and creating the factors of control. The paper studies the issues of struggle with disbalance in the political system of Russia (1991-2000) and its reengineering (2000-2021) on the foundation of historical, analytical, and comparative methods. As the result, the evolution of the political system of the Russian Federation and Algeria has similarities in terms of struggle with crises in the last 30 years and the efforts of foreign intervention with the aim of destabilizing these countries; the reforms which protected the national interests of these countries might be considered in terms of similarity as well. Consequently, the mentioned factors present the consensus foundation for better cooperation between the two countries in different fields.

Текст научной работы на тему «АЛЖИР - РОССИЯ: ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЕ КРИЗИСАМ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ ЦЕЛОСТНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВА (1991-2021) (ВТОРАЯ ЧАСТЬ - РОССИЯ)»

jSlVl j A^jlill f>ll

^i^Vi Ja-ii

УДК: 327

DOI: 10.26907/2619-1261.2022.17.55-90

ajj^l M^J^I ¿Uj J ¿iUjty M^lj^ :UU,JJ -jdjaJl

(UU.JJ Jk^l *>!!) (2021-1991)

ul Jail tAiiwi*ll tAiiwi*ll А*л1л. 1

[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9748

Ajlljjjill Ij^jj tjljla tjljli 2

[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-2977 ajji^jsvi ^l^^^Vl aji ^i Ajl^ull A^jl jc

alhij^ji Ajjj^^^llj ^2021 J^j ^ 1991 flc j* Ajpl^syi lj^jj ^i Ai^ujlj Ол ¿jail ^i 1j">jj Aj^jl^llj Aji^ljll ^UjVl Jji^J {H .Ajj*^ll Aj^ljaAplI

j^c ^i lj^jj ^ jll ija j]j .2021 flc J^j ^Jjij^ll ^iajvi A^jSj 1991 ^lc Sjlc] jl^] ^i Ajcl^J^lj Ajpl^ajaj Ajjjp^J ^l^^^tij plja>] J] t jjj'jj jj^jp^i l g uU'j

^jljjj .iajjjij ^Ijc pl^ijjj Aljjll Ajjlj^j^] ^ja^' ^^iliwill ^l^jll A^JjA Sjlc]j (^2000 —^1991)^ jjj l* Ij^jjl ^^Ij^ll ^l^jll ^i Jl^ll Ijl^a J] l^jl JlaJl t A^jjjj .Ajjla^llj Aj^jjljllj Ajljl^nti ^Alj^ll ^ift (f2021-f2000) jjj l* Ai^jjA Jc ^l^jVl Ajjl^^ ^i jjljaJlj Ajplajtfl Ij^jjl ^^Ij^ll ^l^jll jjk;' ^i aji^j jljaj^] Acjcj JJ j^ ^jvvi j±j!1i j (f2021—f1991)jjj l* '¿^J^ll SjSall jj»^r.

JS^Jj US .Aljjil AnLjll ^ll^ll ajU^i l^j ^ball ^ill ^u^VI ajuu i jjoUl jj>

л ^i jjjijll jjj jjlAll Aj^jj'lj!^] jjj*jl Ijailjj' l^l^l ¿JJa^ll J^lj*ll jlx^ t ^^jjll ^^Ij^ll ^l^oll A \<jA Sjlc] t Ij^jj ^i Aj^lj^j Ajpl^ja] ^^ '

.Ajjj|j^]| Aj^jj]| ^li^All Aj^jj'ljSw] t ^jj^Vl J^jsll t ajjjj| jl JJ^^Sll tAjl1^aajVl ^^^ll MJ^HI ¿UKll

Aj?j'lj!^l tAljjll Ajjlj^^l jl^^ t^^jjll ^^Ij^ll ^l^oll A^JoA Sjlc] tAjcl^j^Vlj Ajjl^ajiVl aj£j - A^^cjll aj^i j .Vl - Ajaj jiVl - aj jjlj^ll - A^^o jll

^Ujjll .(Ij^jjj ^jljll pJ^JI) (2021-1991) A_Jjjll A-jjlj^i^l Jc ^li^ll jl>j j A^lJл ;lj^jj -JJIJ^JI .(2022) .l ^ij^^lj t.^

^»—00 ^^ ^^ t ^V tAj^ljjVl AJJJAII

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

jUj j ^UjVl A^lj. _JJ!>J! .(2022) .i .f

AJJJ*JI .(U^J ¿1*2*11 *jaJl) (2021—1991) Aljail A_jjliliaJl

^ ^ tW iAj^ljjVl

History and archeology

Original article

Algeria and Russia: confronting crises and maintaining the government integrity between 1991 and 2021 (Second part - Russia)

Akila Kherbachi1, Mohammed E. M. Belhamiti2

1 University of Mohammed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9748 Kazan (Volga region) Federal university, Kazan, Russia [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-2977

Abstract. The article suggests the parallels in the organization of the economic and political reforms in the Russian Federation from 1991 to 2021 and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Some external and internal crises which Russia encountered in the period from 1991 - as the implication of the collapse of the USSR - up to 2021 are thoroughly analyzed in the paper. The situation enabled the Russian authorities, especially during Vladimir Putin, to conduct economic and social constitutional reforms so that the political system be reengineered with the guarantee of succession of central power and creating the factors of control. The paper studies the issues of struggle with disbalance in the political system of Russia (1991-2000) and its reengineering (2000-2021) on the foundation of historical, analytical, and comparative methods. As the result, the evolution of the political system of the Russian Federation and Algeria has similarities in terms of struggle with crises in the last 30 years and the efforts of foreign intervention with the aim of destabilizing these countries; the reforms which protected the national interests of these countries might be considered in terms of similarity as well. Consequently, the mentioned factors present the consensus foundation for better cooperation between the two countries in different fields.

Keywords: economic, political reforms in Russia; reengineering of the Russian political system; state stability; foreign intervention; Russian-Algerian cooperation

For citation: Kherbachi A., Belhamiti M.E.M. Algeria and Russia: confronting crises and maintaining the government integrity between 1991 and 2021 (Second part

ùUljJl .(Uujj ¿kLJl ЦЙ1 (2021-1991) AJjail Âjjlj^l Je ili^Jl jUj j ^UjVl j. :U^jj -jjI>JI .(2022) .i .¡. цД^Ь цА>>

4>_oo ^^ ^^ t W tAj^ljjVI AJJJÄJI

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

- Russia). Eurasian Arabic Studies. 2022;17:55-90 (in Arab.). DOI: 10.26907/26191261.2022.17.55-90

Note: First part. Eurasian Arabic Studies. 2021;14:57-101.

Исторические науки и археология

Научная статья

Алжир - Россия: противостояние кризисам и сохранение целостности государства (1991-2021) (Вторая часть - Россия)

1 1 Хербаши A., Бельхамити M. Э. M.

1 Университет Мухамеда Будиафа, Мсила, Алжир

[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9748

л

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Казань, Россия [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-2977

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются параллели в организации процесса экономико-политических реформ в Российской федерации в период с 1991 по 2021 годы и Народной Демократической Республике Алжир. Анализируются некоторые внутренние и внешние кризисы, с которыми Россия столкнулась в период с 1991 года, в связи с распадом СССР, до 2021 года. Эта ситуация подтолкнула Россию, особенно во время правления Владимира Путина, к проведению экономических и социальных конституционных реформ в рамках реинжиниринга политической системы, чтобы гарантировать преемственность государства и установить факторы его влияния. В статье затрагиваются вопросы борьбы с дисбалансами в политической системе России (1991-2000 гг.) и ее реинжиниринга (2000-2021 гг.). на основе аналитического, исторического и сравнительного подходов. В результате выявлено реальное сходство эволюции политической системы РФ и Алжира в борьбе с кризисами в течение последних 30 лет (1991-2021 гг.) и попытками иностранного вмешательства с целью дестабилизации этих двух стран; а также сходство реформ, предпринятых для защиты национальных интересов государства. Выявленные факторы составляют консенсусную основу для усиления стратегии сотрудничества двух стран в различных областях.

Ключевые слова: экономико-политические реформы в России, реинжиниринг российской политической системы, обеспечение стабильности

^UljJl .(Uujjj ¿kLJl Jl2l o^l) (2021-1991) j^l 3-jjIj-^I Je ili^Jl Jaj j ^UjVl j* :U^jj -jjI>JI .(2022) .1 Jj-^b jA>>

4>_oo ^^ ^^ t W tAj^ljjVl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

государства, иностранное вмешательство, стратегия российско-алжирских отношений

Для цитирования: Хербаши A., Бельхамити M.3.M. Алжир - Россия: противостояние кризисам и сохранение целостности государства (1991-2021) (Вторая часть - Россия). // Арабистика Евразии. 2022. № 17. С. 55-90 (на араб.). DOI: 10.26907/2619-1261.2022.17.55-90

Примечание: Первая часть // Арабистика Евразии. 2021. № 14. С. 57-101.

^lc o* ûJjaaII ûjjill J^à. Aljjll AjjIjajuiI ^ic ¿liai! jl&jj ^ujVl A^lj* j) jjj*1l AW ^i ^lij t"Algeria"jjlj^1l Ajiiu Uaiiljjul UJA* Ji^ t2021 Aib J)1991 '"'lj'V* ^ï ^^ t^lliijAX,1lj ^IjjVl ^c jl^ ^^ll '"'l^ . o*

'^Aj^II ^lkill ^i ^U^^Vl o* JP*1l ^J*^! t"Black decade" t^l^j^îl AjjuXll"

^jj^* ^ic tA^V -s^^b ^ii*£luilj ÎAI^JAÎI ÛJJJ^ l^jcJluil ^jJl

AJjjll ajjijajuii jl*^ ^i i^iaajj lgjbl ^ja^i* q.;'^** J^à. o* tAjuiljwill

Ajiljjal ^jll Ajji^*ll a^ujaii ^jjaj '¿ijljxllj t"Continuity of the State"

. Aljjll ^ic A^àU*!^ ^UjVl ^j^jll ^i Ajllb

Jjia.ll ^ljûSul ^ic ûjJûj ¿j^jj* JJ^I ^jll Àjjjjl^ll ^^j^aill ^jj^i* ^ic

Aj*ij" ^ll ^l JJji1 Ail^yb tA!jjîl Je. ¿liaJl jU* ^Jx jl Jll

J£ oc lJj*j A Jl^jj^lj jall ^alijll ^jjij*j tjljall Àjàjj* J Ajulj^ll ^¡IjaVI

ûJajj ^ ul Jc ¿liall J Jcls£ ô^lj*1l JJ^ jjjx-j tAijj*1l ^iluijlxxllj ^iljuljxll

jjljall aj ^jll ^ejll jljj) t^jjIjaJl jl^ll J ^jj^Vl Jà.Jii1l ^^ji J£ ^jjiSj tAljjll

^Ijall oc Axalill ^Vjajll l&j^I tlgjJg-ui ^jll ^ibjVl ' * ^i ^ujjll ^jiall ^J^ o*

.[2] JtS^îl & JjVl J A^IjjlU p ÎAjbj t"Hirak" [1]

AjjjLljj^yi ljAjjlj t(USSR tlSjlu ^Jljij^ll ^laj*Vl) "Russia" ljujj Jjli*Jl ^i jl^ajjVl 11917 jjjj^I ûjjj' ôjjla t^jill ^J) ¿j^ll o* ûJj**1l ^Ij^VI jj*Jl

^l^jVl o* ^éjl^ t1945 ^l^ Ajjl*JVl Ajjlill Ajjljll Aj*JIaJI ^jaJl ji^k*Jl ^Vjl^jll o* jjJill Ajl^J ^jll t(lSjlu) ^Jljij^ll ^l^JVl jlj^jl A^jl o* jjj*1l ^i l^ji^j* ^U^ll ¿^j^j ^jll Aji^ljll ^v^j^vi l^i* o* JP*l!

Jjjl^* oj^j^jll Ùjj^jjljll ÙJ*j:J*1l ÙJJ ^ij^^ll Jjji

j^c) ^lS&Î ^i "Boris Yeltsin" jj^jij ^jjjjj "Mikhail Gorbatchev" ^j^jljjj^ ocj ljlj^ oc ^nill ^i ^jll (Ajili^llj Ajj^*Jl) "Glasnost" jà^^All

ùlulJj!l .(Ij^jjj ¿i»ô*il ^iljll »j^Jl) (2021—1991) A-ljjll A-jjl^xô^l ¿liaJl jl>J j CiUjVl A^^l^* :ljujj -Jjlj^1l .(2022) .1 .¡» ^^Ijj^

^>-oo ^^ ^^ t ^v tAjuljjVl A^J*!! ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^jj»: jl^ Jl! 'rliijlxül! - J "Pérestroïka'^lSj.jjJ^jjjjl! A^Lui ¿LWi f

Jl! 'AjL^sjV! Аллjül r^SUxl! l^j aj&i ^¿l! 'jLâjJ! JÄtf! ^Saj ¿xj jî '^S^! ^iül!

tjb$jV! ^ib^il j* ^*j1! l&jjic! Jl! tljjlxll ¿л ^jLLl! rib.jjg.xi. a\<ux< Aj^jI^ !jI*jI rjÂl

(lLUi) jtiâj^l! i^j'V! Jc jjjjjl ^ 'u ^л Aie ; " aux iLùjljj A^jl j

AlLl! j ajci^v! ^Jjj'j ^i^JaV! ^j] Ail^yb

a*xj^л Jjj*l!j t^^jjl! t jUj*xl! ^jl^ixl! ^liâj! A^j 'Ajllxl! ri!jJlxl!

.Aj^jjl! Ajjjl! Jj!^! ^ J] rJ ^jljàj^l! jiajv! aluajj "Mikhail Gorbatchev" ^j^jj^ J^l^ ^jjj1! jjlè

^jjjj ^jjjj! Axjji ¿л jS^j^ J p!jxä1! A^u! Aj'^g^ ^¿l! Jc ajà\â

10 J ajji^jv! lj^jj ajjj^xa! JcV! ^i^xl! АшлЗj ^ll^i! ^¿l! t "Boris Yeltsin" j^lû. JJA^JJ 8jj i^^Sj! Aljl^ 1991 ^iLmr.î J ÛJ^IJ^ A^!J AiSl t 1999 ^1] 1991 jjlj. "Leonid Kravtchouk" ^jjjjlj "Boris Yeltsin" ^dJjl! ¿Ъ 1991

^jjj "Stanislaw Chouchkievitc" ^^jjU^j tbj!jSÎ ^jjj

jjxûj^i ^jjjJ! Ujjjc! Jl! Jbij^l! Jl^jV! ^Sij Ajalij! Jc "Biélorussie" ^jj^jj

.[3] jjjU«l! jjSl! J aJ^iJ^JJ^ aJJi£ JJ£î : "Vladimir Putin" jjj'jj j*j>) jlxljjl! Jij^ ¿л A^jl*^ "Boris Yeltsin" j^ ^.jj ^jJjl! JV

U'Q ^JJJJ! Jj*1 ^!jj jxj^^ Aijfr 1АЛ t(JcV! ^i^xl! 11 » ul! ^¡!jj

p!j^]j jlxljjl! JäJ ^l^jj! tjS^jx Ax^alxl! J jjx^ail! ^j- jJJ A^l^x ^jl! ril^^l^V! Al^l^ ^¿jj tjlxljjl! JjISa ^jjjII ¿^jl - ^ 11993 ^l^ ^i ^jjJ^J

31 ^i jl^^i tAS^ixl! Aljjl! pljj ûji^] ¿lj^j ^l AiSl t"Boris Yeltsin" j^Jlj. ^..jjj ^jjjl! l^SlL!

. "Vladimir Putin" jjjjj jjxjp^i AJЛJS^ ^jjj ^ll^l ^S^l! ^1^1999 jjx^jj 'jjj^é*! Aj^Ujl! rljl^JjV! jlxft "Vladimir Putin" jjjjj jjxjp^i ^jjji! ^Iâ ^j^î ÛJл Jlb fj tAjjlj 2004 ^i j '2000 jjl^ 7 ^i lj^jj ^îj ^ljV! ^i M^j j^ji '"Dmitri Medvedev" ^рлц^ A^uj ^äj p!jjjl1 ^jj^ 2008 ^i

l^ Ajll^ijV! r^SUxl! A^^!jx1 Ail^Vlj 'ajji^jsv! rl^^^V!j AxjSÄl! lj^jj ûjiaj^! j^ rji^l ^Jl! '2009 jjjji ^1]1999 ^L^bl jx "Ajjl^l! jlUjul!" ^j^ ^jJl! 2012 J jjSjl 2008 ^l^ lj^jj^ AlSU^ 'jIaj^J l^x^j jl Ujul! ûjLj^l! !%76.67 AjjI^Ij l^ji 2018 ji a*j!j ^jâÎj t% 63.60 AjjI^Ij l^jà jli A3JU p!j^] ûj^l^ l^*jj' ûj^ rljl^Jj! p!j^b AjllLxl! 2019 r!jäI^

.2019 ^l^ ¿lL- bjljSÎ ¿л AxjV! J^^j'j '2020 jjljj. ji ^jjJ^J

1

https: //ar. m. wikipedia.org

.(lj^jjj ol*Jxl! jjljl! pj^l!) (2021-1991) A_1 j^l! A.jj!jxj^! ^lc lii^l! jl>j j rujV! A^^!Jx ;lj^jj -jJ!j^l! .(2022) .î ^Jjx^li t.^ ^^ijjâ

^»—oo ^^ ^^ t w tAj^iljjV! ajjj*1!

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

A*jSaJl jjj AS^*ll ^jjjj eir-j J 2020 fl* ^jjj^l Jj.J*Jll ^lo&l ^¡jjaAj

jjA-p^i ^jjjll ¿jl^il Je Jjj l* ^ n iai A1I ^l^ill jaj Aajlll" ¿lAljillj

IjSjj bkb ljlj^j^I j^jSI ^j^ lg-jje ^jj*j1I j!"Vladimir Putin"" : jjJjj

ojLi^ij aj^vi ^iUia^ii ^¿eJj'j ^-uAjmill ^liill jj"aJ Je liLe l^jl^i^iJ* jjdAjlj t^jS!

IjjljSl u* lg^ilj Je Ajli ^ajVl ^^ЦцлИ ^J^alll jijajwii oJajj J^ill

.2021 Aiui J l^lU Al^laJl ^IjjLJllj AjJ&Ul ¿ib^l ^A 1л JULlI j* pjall j* Alll^j jjJJ ¿iU^yl ^A UJ ti^jj J Aijdl AjJALU.I Jc jtu^ jcl jil A^jiJlj ft£21l j¿U^l Ajat* ^jli JAj cAl^l ^ ¿i ^l ¿bjfrl Af^lJll

AJIAJ^ JJJA, JJA^ ^A (Ai^V ^l^ji y'rj ^«iL^ill

Je ^aUaJI j* JjJ*ll jjj '" A^jjU^ll AjlH^yi Je Ajl^Vlj £iajll

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

Ajuiljuill iAjjjouioll ^jlSjllj ^Ij^VI j* JjJ*ll Aj^iillj ^ajjUllj JjlaJll jj^ g i a\I ^l*jVl j^.: l^ji jjl^l Ail^yb tAjjjjlail ^^j^ill |j£j iAjjl^jSVl tAjel aj^vi

.Aljjll AjjIjajuiI Je ¿liall Jji^i J ljuijj lgjJajl ^Jll ^Vlj

j* jp»ll Jc. jlAJeVl ^Jj^i iAjJU^yi £^jjjj Jll jl^aVlj ^bjlS-ll j^ilL

Je ^lasj^jllj Jjllalllj pljVl t^Vlbillj tAjAjj\£Vl ^l^ljoll

j* l^jle ^l*jl*Allj t^j^jAllj AUjjjaII Ajjjjlall ^^j^aill ^Jj Ail^ylj tAjjJall

.^aill ^l^^J* ^J^ j* A Ajljjll

JJIAJI ^i J^IJAJI jj^aall j^lillj 'jjj^jjllj jjjj^lj^ll ¿lUj ^le A^^j* A^ljoll

tAj^jjll -Ajjjljall t^^jjllj ^jjl^all jjj^lj^ll jj^J^ A\I jjajUj^A]|

.oljjJ£Jll AilLj -¿jSl^Vl

j* j^^j jlAj l*j to^e! A^jjUAll Ajlll^Vl ^i SjIjaII ^Vjl^Jll ^le AjI^VI

■AJJVI ^l^ill 1*J2

fj^ll ^j^j^Jl jJb2ll p) ^ Jjljall ^JIJUISI ^l^ill AJSJA oJle|j ^j^Jll -VJi

(2021 'Ajlljjjjill ^Ijli AX^IA tAj^ljji AJA^ ¿л 14 ¿tell jj^^^ll tjli^ll JjVl

(2021 —1991) ^jjll ^^lj^ll ^l^ill A^oiA •¿Jle]j ^V^J^Vl A^jl^* - Ijj^ .(2000 -1991) ^jjll ^^lj^ll ^l^ill ^i Al^Ull ^V^J^Vl A^jla* -i Aie AJJJJAJI (lbl^) ^jljaj^Sl jlaj'Vl jlj^jl -1

.J^J^* (^j^J*) ^lljJji ^ A*lSl -2 .(2021-2000) ^^jjll ^Ml ^l^ill A^oiA oJlel - ui

"Ajj^ja AJjjJ^oll lj^jj o^jjaj" ijj*!

^l^ljoll .(lj^jjj ¿1*JA1I ^jljll pj^ll) (2021-1991) A.!jjll A.JJIJAJ^I ^le ¿liall jl>j j A^^lj* -jjlj^ll .(2022) .! ^Jj^ali i.^ ^^ljj^

^»—oo ^^ ^^ i ^V iAj^ljjVl Ajjj*ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

jjL^l! Ajll^àjV! r^SUxl! Aal^ -1 .Ac A^lil! rla^^'V!j 2020 ^ju j J^l^J! ^jjjuol! jjj*j1! — 2

.Ajljjl! j jjiil! SJUJUI! - 3

( 2021- 1991) ^«jjtt ^b^l ft^ÜI A^^IA SJI^IJ ¿tf^VI fyjU* - bjtf '¿^jxxl! ûjJil! J^â (USSR 'lbl^ ^jljij^l! Jl^j'V!) L^yj 'jJ!jal! j!jè ^ j ^U^l! ^lkil! ^làjî jl! (rUjV!) ^V^JÂV! j* JJJ*1! '2021 Ajlè J]1991 ^ j-

jл Alx^ *ûJ^lJx J] rjli t(|) l ^j wjj Aljjl! ^ uil xj Jc !jjlâ rlS^j 'ûjj!j

^ij J^jjl! j^lj^l! ^lkil! A^^iÄ ûjlc] jlL] j rljjj^xl! ¿л Jc n nn—'V!

.(v) j^jjl! ¿xJaxl! rlj—j

( 2021- 1991) ^jjH flM J Al^UJI ¿tf^VI fyi** —

Ai^ 2000 ^ Ajli Jl 1991 S^Jl ûjjül J^ ^jjJl ^lj^l ftkiil

Ajji^i jx Axjj lxj t)laüUi( Jbij^ill jUjtfl jlj&jj Ûjj^^ lAJ^I t^iV^J^Vl jx

Jt ¿la^j] ij^jj lgjj—itl jil rajJVl Jjl^jJl r^jL tAj^jl^j aji^ij

•UJljJ i^xj AJjjil ajjijxj^i

AJJJIAII (15JU) JbâJ^ll JUJV! — 1

Jlj^ji JUJI JÄ(USSR) AJ£IAjjljij^ll ^IJJJ^^ÄII JUJI jî JLijwJl JUJVI Sijjj "Bolshevik Revolution" tAjs^lJl sJjji 1917 jjjJSl 25 sJj Sj^lx lii JjVl AjxiUJl ^j^il ^Jl ^Sjil J t "Vladimir Ilitch Lénine" jjyJ ^¿¡jJ jxj.J^i tjlj^jj jWjJJ^ tlj^jj^ tljjljSÎ tL^jj AljJ 15 jl£j t3l^liji J^l ^ÜJ

f.l^jjil IJ^JJ tljiljijx ijjjj^j ijjljjjl tLäJ'V tjU^l^lL ^U^jjcjjà tjlJ^jl-£JJ

jlj^jj ^Ij^I jjäj'j tAj^jVl SjSil A^l^ix ^Jl—^j jx6/1 A^l^x jjäjj tljjjxjl" ij^jj^jj"

.l^-Al J^lj Jxlj*Jl jx Àcjx^x jJj ^Jljij^Jl jl^VI

JJJIÂ^ ^JJjll J^â —1.1

Mikhail" Jjjl^jx ^Jljij^Jl jl^VI ^J^J ^Jil A^^Jl r^jJ^I

t^ljjjlxjJl ^^Jjx ^i l^aiLl ^jil ,"Pérestroïka" A^lj^ ^^j-j "Gorbatchev

^l^jJl Ai£jA Sjl^y ^xljjj jit "Restructuration" ^l Sjltl jî Ai£j^Jl Sjltl ^Jilj ^Jl^^lj ^l^j ôlajl ^i ^jl^ Ajjl^SaVI Ai^jgJl Sjltj ^l jji t^Jljij^Jl ^jl^aJäVIj ^^lj^Jl

2021/7/20 ji Ajlc ¿lLî '2020/12/26'http://www. independentarabia. com/ ij!jl! ^lc'" 1991-1917 ^SUiUj jjj jljij^l! jl^JV! jlj^j!" 'Sjlxc ¿л aj ' 1991 ^lc ^1] 1985 flc ¿л ^cjjU^! uj^l! A^lJjj ^jljij^l! jiäjv! a^uj jjj lj^jj шjj^ ^i 1931 ^Jlx ^i ^jujijjjô jjji^^

https://fr.m.wikipedia.org 20/7/2021.^j!j1! ^lc ^^LV! jSx. Jj—liJl! ¿л '...'sjj^al! lj^jj ^^sjv! 'lSjjjJ^jjjjl! rlil^xl! .(lj^jjj ^l*Jxl! ^jljl! pjal!) (2021-1991) A-lj^l! ^lc Ili^l! jl>j j rUjV! A^^!^ ;lj^jj -jj!jal! .(2022) .! ^Jjx^li '.^ ^^IJJÂ

^»—oo ^^ ^^ ' ^y 'Aj^!jjV! ajjj*1!

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

Aujl**j tA-pl^ajàVl ^ijljill ^AI Jc ^cjj^ll ^ijail ^uiljmll ^ui*Jl ûj^jui tojaA

.A Î-IUMVI ¿j*? Jc Ajlj*^1l AjajljjJjyi AJjjll

^l^uj* ûl^j "Prolétariat" AjjljjJjjjll Aij^ll A^alàj jjAlxaJl J*? ^ill Jc ¿jj^jJlj IjJ^ti* IAjjjxjj t^ijallj o*Vl ôj«?lj ^jall l«uilj Jc tAljjll ^jjjil jljjc J) J^Vl J ^jxj: ^ill "Le Putsch" t^ijVl jljj*j Jla* Ji ^JJJJI Aji J»l^j 11991 ^lc Ajl^j J ¿uijVl ¿j^ll A ' ^ J j^jj ^j^jljjj^ lijjjj^jjjj J) A^laj jl£ Ja :Jja "Mikhail Gorbatchev" ^j^bjjè JjJl^j*

? 5^Vjaj1l ^2* JJ* J »Jjll ^JJJ^1l o* jl* JAJ tA;°:°a1l l^iijAÎ l*J Jju

Jc ^j^jljjji ^jjjJl Ai*a ^ill ^l*Jl ¿3J lijjjj^jjjjll Auiljui ^iJjjuil

:61«*AI j^âli*Jl o* . "Glasnost" ^ujiu^AJl Aulju J ¿ujjll • AJ|j*Jl u ¿jj Ujj ^jill ^jà ^ijjal •

Ijj* Jc Axlall ^lj^jill ûlaj ojijl ' " j* J) û^jxJlj Aj*ji1l AuL^ll '''(::w2 •

lAjJ^a* J^JiJ* J ^lj^jill AJjjll ^^¿jj ^ijall ^¡UjAj ' дЛ ¿j ojj ¿jàjll J^aillj ^cjj^ll ^ijall ^^^e) •

.Ajàjj*Jl AJUJJ ^jall tA_:pl^jàVl ûj^?VlJ

Ajili^ll Jllj t"Glasnost" ^ujiu^iJl Aulju tli.::jjj^i:jjj1l Aulju ^ialj jàj

.[4] Ji Ajj^*Jl

ljqîql ^lij û jqlal* U^xJl ljjjj" ljqîql li: q U^ll )jj1l AulLlul ^xi) l*£

Aulj^l AJJJAJI ljjjji JJ^ J^lj* ^¿JJ tljjjji o* ^Jljij^ll ^laJVl Ajjjij J)

ùi*: ^ja ^lil A::pj*Jl ^ljuVl ^jyljjj tlx-iji ^la^^Vl oil tli::jjj^:::jjj1l

:^i.:: l*ji l^*Al ^^IjajuI ^ijli tjl^aal! Jjà ajj*j| ^ja taia*1l jj^Jjll lAjj*: jl£ 1iJJJJ^JJJJll Aulju •

jijj* ^Jc o* ^¿jllj ¿j^ll ^l^ajàl jic ^UijVlj t^l^ajâVl AiijA û^lc) ^j^jljjjc ^jjjll ^jià "A?j*Jl" ^l^jaVl J** »laj t^1i1 A*J^*!I ^lj1VlJ ^JJ^1l

"KGB" AJjjll jl«? ^JJJJ ^ulj^ll u3S*Jl j^c t "Vladimir Krioutchkov" ^ij^ * JajaJ* ^jll ûiA Ajj*j jl oix^ l* ^i oU^-Jill ^ljjjVl ^l^I Jal"

J:aj—ll ^i ^ ^l«* A:lj tAjAjjj ^ill . Ujjul ljj^jla* jàj

o* JJIA jlJaj ljljaij ^j^jljjji yjl ? o* Aj^^ill ûjjjJllj

.2021/7/21 ¿ALi i https://www.bbc.com^jljil ^ie jI^jVI ¿l^i ^ill J^jll JjjI^j^ »lil" ^ ^jll ilia5

6 Fevronia M. Van Sichle, "The Reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev and their effect on USSR" 2021, https://pdxcholar.library.pdx.edu

j^jljjc j/^j- ¿^ »lal i^^ ^jll ilia7

^l^ljjll .(U^jjj ^iljll »j^ll) (2021-1991) i-lj^ll i-jjlj^s^l ili^Jl jUj j ^l^j'vi J^ :U^jj-jjlj^ll .(2022) .i ^jj^^Aj i.^

1.-00 ^^ ^^ i ^V lij^ljjVl ajjj^ji

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^Ujij _juJljjjè jjh^x jJxo^l AL" JeVl J"ll jlj&^l f^e

. Juàj"ll jiajvi a^iuj Je

j^jàll jlUuîl Aie Ixx jll ¿jlj^ll jj^ jx rljjaJl ^^Lj •

rlj^â J Je 'Àjjjè jx AxeJx Ax^ix jjè A^jIxx rUl^j'l

.Alj^ll rl"uijxll

J ^ajVI j Ux\lj rljjj^xi. ll jjj AjkU rlelj^ll j Adxjall rlejïll ^xlij •

.iajtfl jx ^jjiJl J rbjj^xiJl jIjSJ ^¡Se 'Jlill ^^ll rlj ^LUxll jx

Ajjj*ll Ijjjjl Jj^j ^I^^JVlj AjSIj^VI je Ajâjull bjjjl Jj^ jx Auxll Jjpj • jjj jjljj jl^> jlj^jlj 'l^ijjj ' 1 &j\mj<jUJ Igjx 'Jlxwlljll flkjU A^^jixJl

. 1989 J AjjjiJlj AjajUll biUli 1986 Jjji 26 J "Tchernobyl" Jelàx A5jl£ je Ax^Ull Aj^I jlftl •

.Ijjlj^i J

jj$£j jUj^J "The Politburo" v^î J -2.1

jjxjj^i l^ie ^ita Jll ^-uAj"ill û^ljâ r\jjj*j"llj rlijj"ill ûj3s ^aje

"Joseph jjll^ '"Leon Trotski" ^^jj" jjjlj '"Vladmir Ilitch Lénine" jjijl

'Ax^l^Jl AjjjjJI rljljalb rjUxlj i^^lxll jjall jx rljjjjUxll J^^ Staline"

'â^ijj jj^j rljljall jlÂJl J ^IjàjVlj Ajelx^Jl ôjljâll Ijdx je jjijl t_àlj^jlj sjijsji t à». u

jj^j ^ûJl J^l^ ûj^aJl r^lj _jujljjjè ^jjjil A^^ljll jjè £xj

.AJjoll rl"uijx J ^l^uxllj jijxvi Jj^a^al jJ^axl lx£ 'Jljij"ll ûl^JVl Lja^i J jjj^ jj^ Jjjxvi ^aJ-âll Vt»^! jl£ ^j^i A^. jx Jj 2016 13 J "BBC" ^ ^jll '¿lia Al jlja J _j^Jljjjè ^jjjji jl^i

rl^l^ll r lxS "8Aj\j^ll 1991 fie J^il ^jljàJ"ll iajyi jj" :Jlij J*U rlxl^j'l ^J^ ^i J^iXe "Alexander Yakovlev" ^jiâj^lj ^ja^ Ulàx

"Vladimir Krioutchkov" jaxp^i ^^ Jj 'aj^jjxvi ajjsjxii rljlj^i^Vl

^i ^jj^jllj A^lj^ll Jj ûlàjj jjX I^J Aj'Vl^j'l ta Aii J]e "K.G.B" AJj^il jXi jl^A ^jjj

jjall ri jij"jx J15SI ^^aill ^i ' w'ïxll rljVjll ^i Ij^xjJjS Aax!^

^ijill Aejx^x" Jjx fl^ill je A^uàxll rlejx^xll JJ^^ jlj Ail^Vlj jle r1jij"ll jjiuixllj Ajll^aajVl rl£j^llj A^bjl*xll jjxj jx AijSlxll "Ajxjls^l

.^jl^Jl Cô^l^C ^xl^9

^l^lj^il .(IJ^JJJ oi^^^i! ^J1^11 ^j^il) (2021-1991) A-iJ^il ^.JJIJ^J^I liâ^Jl JLAJ J ^IxjVl -JJIJ^JI .(2022) .1 t.^

^»—oo ^^ ^^ 4 W tAj^ljjV! Ajjj*]l

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

"Boris Eltsine" ù"4: ¿* '"Andrei Sakharov" ^jjlàl^ Ajjjjl j-p^Vl ^Ij

."Anatoli Sobtehak"10^-^^ jjjlji ^ Àjn-jll Àjlljjill j jjJjUll

"Mikhail Gorbatchev" ^jll Àjljj"-l SjIj] je ^lj

j-jj-ll jlaxjl j ôjj^ J^à j* Àljjll ^iluuij* j* jjj^I ¿¿J"ll jl^jVl j jjo^jll j* "6" À^lull Sl-ll Je ûjlj^lj <1988 fM9 -ll "Conférence" jjall ^lj^Vl û^aj 'ALiuil ^Cjj^ll ^¡jall Jl£lal Je jll jLijull

ÀL" Àjl£* ¿aljjj ^j^ll jjj < Jl U* '1990 ^28 -ll j-j^ll j UjI^V j ûj^ ^¡^ajVl l jljlaj t"^jl j^llj Àljjll AiaL" l* ûj^ jlJi t11Ajlljjdàll AJJ^JAII

'1991 jnk>»ir.l19

^âj^JI ¿JJIUAAJ! çluoJl JU^J ÔJJLJI VJ^^I -3.1

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

la"Yl jjj Jl ^ljajljjjj.Vlj jl^àVl Jja" ^lil^l AjIjj ¿*

jaj ¿Jull jg-^j 'Àjix-ll jjè ÀjjSuxll ^ijall 'àj£j.j*vi ojali-ll ^L.Vjllj

'1981 ^le j ^jjVl ¿iull "Ronald Reagen" ¿Ujj Jlljjj j%j*Vl ^¿jll Jjà ^ja-i ^lull

^Tjjujll jjajJ'j t^ii^ujll j* ¿ijll Je J-ej jSuo-ll ûlaj Ajuall jjè ûljljj je t

^le Lùlj^b ^'Tchernobyl"J^jjjj^j j Àjjjjll ^l^elà-ll JJailj À^là t^jljijull Jaj^l ^jjjll Jlàèjj '^jSuxll jJjLj Je A*l-j&l jj£I j^jJ. ^Jl^ijuil ilajyi Jx-a ^^ll ¿^jll '1986

.^jl^îjull ia&l Ajpl^SaVI ajll ¿^l Jjl tfJ U* 'tfJàVl ji^l AJi*a jUj^i lai^l AjjliiVI A-jSaJl

ÀJjjJll ^il£jaJl ^Vlj* ^jàl A^a. j* ^ljij^il aj^U ¿jjl (1988-1979) ^ljel10 Ajlja jllUUii j^ ^jaJl ^jâ.

ûJell l-* 'lj^' ^^j ji l^jj^ je lj^jj Jjljjj ^l ^li ^èjj 'jjliiVI ¿a"'"—\l

jj.j*Jl "Afghanistan" jU"jliii ^jjall ^jâ "Tadjikistan" jlJu^al^ ji AjjSue l^* '12ÀaUj-\l ^i ÀjajlàJl ÀjjjaVl ^jall ijàj Jjiajj 'l^J Sjjla^ll ^^IjVl lAjjàj

.Ajljjll JlJaJ^l ^Jc ^ll

Ajjljâj^JI AJj^U ^â Ai^JI ^JÎJ jSJI -4.1

jjj ^ijjjoll Aj*j ¿iljoll ^Je ^litaj^lj ^liillj ¿IjeVI j* ^jaj ^^aj

^jjjJI À^Ij^ jl ^jji 'Àjjljijull AÎjjil ç.l-jjVl ji AaJll ^Je A*jl ^ '^lx^la-ll

^^Jjjll ^jl jjx^ll jljjj ¿i^ e 'Àj*jall yll ^»-ll je jjjxjII Àjja j* - jjll ^j^jljjjè l^AL* ¿jaaj Aaj ^i lajle

^j^til Jj '^lj*jall ^jà: j*j ^l jjljijull ^laj^l ç.l-jjVl j^j

.2021/11/28 thttps://stiingfixer.comt^™j"1l jjiii*1l .2021/11/28thttps://independentarabia.comt2021/11/25t^jj1l jjiij*ilj tôJl*c

.¿jl^lll ¿?U*1l t "...^jljjllj ùl*ji*1l ojj ^jl^j^ll ^lajyl jlj«jl" tûjl*c ^^lu11

.2021/7/21 ^i Ajic ¿iLi t https://www.aa.com.tr-MJl jic t" jljll^ ôjS <JaU2 ol jiuj* jU^jliii o* ^io^Vl ^la^jVl tjicji Jl*S ^Uîl /j12

ùluljjll .(ljujjj ¿ixj*1l Jjll »jLîl) (2021-1991) A-îJjll A-:jljxjul jic ¿liaîl jlAj j ùUj'Vl A«?lj* :ljujj -jJlj^îl .(2022) .i t.^ ^¿ljji

^>-oo ^^ ^^ t ^v tAjuljjVl А^цл!! ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^j^jbjjä ^ujjll 'Jbajull jiajvi Ajij ^J^ J] j^s! lxx 'Ajlaxll

.AjJ ^J luUJj

jx lüxli ^x Lituanie) l^jjil 'Lativia ba^V 'Estonia O^1 rbjj^ Axj!

rljSSl ^лаДл '1940 fle ц Jbaj^Sl JiUliVb ^jsi r^jjjll <jlaJl 'jl&jVI ^b^i jjj JjaJl 1944 ц ^*j'1941 fie ц ^Lli^l rVuiJ 'jbäJMS| JLajyi A^Vl

fj'j ^i^jll r^-j^ll n\e! Г m unll ajijü £xj 'Ajjlj '¿jx lgjjlaJiui! ^^jjll jx^VI

rj! 31 Ц ^jsi r^jj^Sl jx aj^jjii rljSSl Г

.13JUajull jiajvi rl-jj4x^ ^SsS rbta jj jl£J '1994 A^J Jl> Je Ajlj^ J": "Vladimir Putin" j^'j jjx-p^i oyjjll ¿bull üa ц j 22 Ц "!Россия зовет" 'Russia Calling!" ^lü lj^jj ^l^SSVl ^^Sixll ц A

jujvi

jl^j aj!j Jj^ aj^jjxvi rl£j^ll ^Ijxx ^jl jx j£^jxj 2019 J^xäj 23 J Aj^l^Vl A^xll rbjj$x^ a\£^x ":j! ?wjjjjVl i^j'Vb Ajjlix Jba^l

Ajpl^JaVI A^iLuill Aj]l*i f^e J jjxjj '^ell Jxle ^liA jil 'Jbäj^ill jLajVI jlj$jl

^jl^l 'Ajljill Ajjjll jA^ll Ajxj '^elxJ^VI ^¡jlajl Je J'! 'Jbäjull jiaj^]

^'x^'nul jll jj^all Jljx£j ...Jbäjull jiajvi LjSui Aie lxx '

ц ,ил Jul

"Что касается причины распада Советского Союза, только это мало имеет отношение к росту национализма в самой Прибалтике. В основе, конечно, лежит в не эффективной экономической политике Советского Союза, которая привела к фактически коллапсу в социальной сфере и имела пролонгирование в сфере политики. вот, Китайская Народная Республика, кстати, удалось наилучшим образом, на мой взгляд - использовать возможности центрального администрирования и развитие рыночной экономики.. смотрите, мы тоже анализируем что там происходит... коллега из Китая наверно подтвердит: там когда тендер проводится в центральном уровне, идет на микроуровне, идет драка за эти контракты.. центральные ресурсы. Почему? между кем? а вот между частными экономической деятельности, которые работают на рынке. работают эффективно. это такой инструмент, который применяется. Но в Советском Союзе ничего подобного не было. результаты не эффективной экономики сказались в политической сфере".

.2021/7/17'https://arabic.rt.com'2013 цЗ^ 31''Vjj ¿¿j3 je АЦц^ aUJ" ' "RT'Viji13

14 Экономический Форум - "Россия зовет!"- 22-23 ноября 2019 - Москва. Пленарная сессия инвестиционного форума ВТБ капитал, https://youtu.be/dsk2ndA-0qE,17/7/2021.

ruljjl .(u^jjj ¿kixll ^itfll (2021-1991) Ajjjl ajjijxj^i Je ili^Jl jlAj j rlxjVl Aj^ljx .jjlj^ll .(2022) .f цд^ь ^^ijj^

^>-oo ^^ ^^ ' ^v 'A^ljjVI A^JÄJI ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

ljjjîjj J ^l^jJl JJJAJ* J) Ajaj^ll ljjjji J Aj*jiîl ^l£jaîl ^ji 1989 flc J

Jj^jj"Yougoslavie" lji^»^^ t"Tchecoslovaquie" lj£lijiuj£j^** J t"Pologne" /'uj A^là ^lâ^xîl » ou ^cl^ l** tAjj j*!l А ^jâlq ajc «j^il ûJnJa AjuiLiui

^ill^a* J^h ljjjljj ^iacjj

jjAJj* —à jic ûJajxîl ^bVjîl ^iàJjj tbujjj ljjjljj

J ^jall A.::iAjj ijiîjj J ¿::jlj' ^ Aji-::j*Vl ^lijll A^j^j* j^j J^à o* A^elà tbujj

15 ajj qjaîl lrnu ql

V^VI ^t^âVI Lj^ll -5.1

jjj.** ^l t"j*ljVl Jl^ajâb" ^Jljij^ll jiajvi Ljiu ^jîl ûjjàJl J jl^ajâVl ^jc

Aajlà A-pl^ajal A*jl l«ic ^aïi t^jjjîlj Axiaîl l « . A.:Jji ^iljljâ ^ajxj jl^ajâVl ¿?ljjj t^Axxll ^^liàjl Aic ^JJJ l** tAjîlxîl ^IjJlxîl ^^liàjlj AHLjllj ^à^jîl

jl.1l jl^jjlj Ajàlj*ji '¿j«?i ' e* ^ j!) Ail^Vb t16Ajjjj* ^¡ь^.* j!) ^ujjîl jl^ajàVl

.Atfjîl

cj^j ^Jcj

Jj* J^ 1998 ^ J AjjlJll A.:jl^jâVl A^jvi A-plaliVl ljujj ^ajc Jjla* 3 J) ^ujjîl Jjjjll ^J^ J*u ^^liàjlj t—iiîl jl*ul jlj«j|j tAjajlall jj^jll Ajuijjîl ^jjàjîlj Ajlâjîl ajja ^JJJ JJjcl i) tAjlU ^jjjj ûJc

tAjjj?Vl ^**J!

ijiij J jàljll ja Jbij^l Jlaj*yi jlj«j) ^bui Jai ji "Alexie Kudrin" o:jjj£ ^iJi Ai*? lx* tûi^Sl c^^v l^^. Jlaj*V!j t—Jl^jâvi AiijA ûJlc)j ^la^^Vl ^l^j A*lâ) J?i o* ^^lj^îl ^l^iil Aaj*c ^la^^) û o* J^^ jl^ ^lil t17ALl^jj Ajjîlxi Jai:

.jal^iA ^îlJ-:Jyà

(^J^J-) jllj^J^a AulSt -2

l^ljl jl£ ^cl*j?VlJ ^^lj^ll J^ill oc A*?li!l A.::jJj*!l Ai*?

J^Jixj »ij?) ^ji tA^jl^jV! ljujjî

ll ^l^jJl

jljajul jlx^a! ^la^^ti) ûJc A:JJixj!lj ^jjjîl jljâ) J^à o* AjLlja*: ^iji 11993 ^lc ^i ^jjjuJ

.^lxxajîlj ^ija1 ^xll o* ojixjJlj t^jJx!! ¿xjaxîl x^j*! aj*a| »^^Jj tAjjjaîl

https://www.albayan.ae 21/7/2021 '2021/5/4 I^^jj ùîJ ^^ jj^ljil" iJjj o^^^l^15

16 Norwich university Online, "Consequences of the Collapse of the Soviet Union",2/10/2017, Récupéré de https://online.norwich.edu, Consulté le 21/7/2021.

https://www.arabic.rt.com -MJl J^ '2021/7/17'"i#jLà>Jl jI^jVI Jj^jI mI^^Ï ^¿Sj ù^j^j^17 " ùl^ljjil .(IJ^JJJ ^iljil (2021-1991) Â-lJJJI Â-JJIJ^J^I ili^Jl jl^j J ùl^jVl Âj^lJ* :L^JJ -jjlj^Jl .(2022) .Ï

^>-oo ^^ ^^ ' ^V 'ÂJ^IJJVI ÂJJJ^JI

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

¿ti^lj A^yi йЦ*]) ùj ЯЪЬЯ (AjSj^l) АДялДО АЫиЛ! j^j - 1.2

1993 j^x^p 12 J f.liâi^vi ^JJL je JJJUiJ]! Jj.J*j' fJ ijbàj^ill JIAJVI 'Ka'' ^¡ae J ¡"dOL ^yi jx Aejxax ^^l ' 199318 jfx^ip 25 J iliill jja. J^Jj

Ai^*\l fdkjjj i(Aj£jxll) AJ]IjJall j2 ^Ift t^yjJl ^jjiuijll flkill

; JJ. U 19^JJ*J]| f*l jxj tAjpl^j'Vl j Ax^l*]| J AJ.J£jx\l jjj

rljxja]| JJ*jx ^^jjll jUSyi jl Je jjj^ij]| (Jj^xj) A^Lip ^i^jxj Jj£U]| •

A^hjl Je ^jJUix jj^axj J^JXJ ^Aj ^JJ^ ¿j-^ ^l^ 'jjjlall l^xKaj. AjLljaxp Ajpl^j'l AJjj liujj - ^jjll ûl^j'Vl •

Axjlx l&jliiel jl A\jJ] j)J.j£ ^l Jxel jjaj V tAjjlxle AljJ tAJjjJl fl^j '¿J^jj tAJjjJl Ax^.^1 Je ^jUjVI lj^jj JKjA Jjluij jl • '"'l^llj ^l^j'yi AJjjl aajijji jjj ¡"^jOk ^.\lj Jji^x fj^iaj'j

jiajvi

^J*^ jj.jaJ'j '¿IJI^AII Je t^^ijjll ^laj'^J AjjKxll rUbKl] AAJHH AjxjKaJl

.Lg^iaij l&jj^ax] ^^jjll

J ¿x AjjUnx ^^jjll ^laj'^J AjjKxJl rljljK]| jjKJ' jl •

^ikx) Ajpl^jyi

aj*x^]|j t^^jjll jl^jyi ^jj :^jjJl ^l^jyi J AJjjll ^jixj. • ^jluix Jej t^^jjll JiLaj'^.] aajijii ^ x\lj t^^jjll j_ajy| AxjKaj t(lxjjll ^ilaxj jl^jyi

^ubKll l^JKUS Jll a]jJll aaj!j]| Ajxjui rljj^]! rljlj^ fljj^l JaKj. ^^jjll Jl^jyi ^jjj '1993 j^x^jp 12 jjj^^ jx 2/2 ¿^lxll ^^^ • l^jle ^^ij. rlplj^^l laijj AjjJxllj Ajjl^jVl ^ja^llj rljjaJlj ^^jjll ^l^j'Vl jjj^^ ajxjk^ji rljj^Jl jjj JelaJllj JaKjj tAJjjll J^aJ^lj Ax^^j ^^jjll jiajvi jjj-^

.AJJJJ] AAJUJI

fj"*aJ AJl^x ^j^Vl ^IJAIAX]|J Ajpl^j'yi ¿jAl*x]|j JJJHJ\I JJ^J •

A*J\J]| AJXJK^]| Jl^jyi AJJJ] AAJIJJI AJXJK^]| rljj^Jl jjj

Jl^j^] AjJKX]| rljljK]]

jjjljall ^^jIajj jl jlj^ fJe ¿x t(lj]*]| Ajjjjlall '¿ja]|)jjj^j]| jx^ Ijjx ^le ^^ill •

JJJ^O ^j^j AJl^ ^ij t^^jjll Jl^j'yi JJJ^J ¿x ^^jjll iajjyi ^i '¿JXJ*X]| ^j^Vl

.21Ajpl^j'yi ajjjj^j]! jjjljall ¿x Ajpl^j'Vl jjjljall ^jl*JJ' jl jj^j. Vj t20^^jjll iaSyi

18 Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, https://www.constitution.ru,9/ll/2021.

19 Ibid.

/11/2021.9' https://constituteproject.org 1993 jji^J AJSj-ll ^^Sil ù- 2

.1993 jjS^J o- 3 / 76 '^Ull21 ùl^ljjil .(ijujjj ^jljll *>ll) (2021-1991) A-ijjll i-jjlj^i^l Jc. ili^Jl jiaj j ùl-j'Vl Aj^lj- -jjlj^Jl .(2022) j

^>-oo ^^ ^^ ' ^V lAwiljjVl Ajjj»Jl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

ilai'Vl jjJwiol Vj lj* '^J V!j ijjjlj j! Ol 'ell Je Ai! Je ^^ill •

.22^jlaJVl jjjlallj ^jjll jlJ^-j AjjjJ^jII A A<a a1I ^lai i1993 ^^jjll iai'Vl jjJ^J j*125 oJlAll laij • Jai'Vl * j! ^^jjll jlaJ'Vl ^jHj lAjJ^aj ^Jll jjjljallj AjjlaJVl jjiljall jlUj ^IjljS AjjIaII ^lULill jjjljSj ¿jj'lj*j jjjl^j i^^jjll jlaJ'Vl A*jia j! l*jjll ^la* j!

A*iJll Aj*jlall ^jjll iayi A*^U* jjj A*JiAll ^|jAl*Allj olai^l

.^jjll ilaj'^l AjjlAll

'•M^ll jjj ALLill Je ^leljill Jaj ^^ijjll ilai'^J Ajjjj^ijII ^

^jjll ilai'Vl Aljol A*j\j1| Aj*jlall jjJ ^leljillj '(AjjSjAll) A-plai'Vl Aj*jlall ^ll&ll jj ^leljill ^aj ilai'^l AjjlAll ^liLlll a*ij1| Aj*jlall

.^^jJll iai^l Ai jiAll ^ulSll A*jull Ul*ll aj* jlall

A^j^l AJJ^X211J ^L^il jljal - 2.2

AjJJ*jllj ^^lj^ll ^jillb ^IjJeVI ^le1993 jjJ^i j* 3/13ojia1i

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

AjLlJaAjjll jaj A?jJll J Jjaj ALai ^K* ^Jll AlUll ilai'Vl J Ajjjall

^Jll i"^ejjUll ^ijall "Jaljll ^ijall je Jalllj tAj^lj^ ^ilja! plUiV ^ljll

^ijall j! JjJ*. jl^ '1977 ^le jjj^Ji t^jljaj^ll ilai'Vl ¿¿jli j* ALjL Jja*l jLj'»

.[5] i^jll J oJjajll oJjlall Ojall jA ^jjUll Lajjjj" £?lji'j '¿ji^Iii ^^lj^ll ^l^ill A*jUa £oa! 1993 ^le jjJ^i j! ia* ^lljjijlll ^^ill jAl^* ^J^j. jl jji j* AijjAJ ^jjjj '¿iuaji jbaJl je

ll c\jaiVl ^le ^jlall

jj^a ^Sj jj i^iV jiuj Aj^lj^ll ^IjaVl ^jujji Ajjjall AjiJ*Jll jljSj ijaAji

1993 ^le ^i AJ*JJUJ1I ^¡Ljlajiyi JJS ljja 40 je JJJJ l* lUi IJ?

je A^? j* ^Jll ¿^jll i-^^jll ijl^jll ijjAjll ^ilja! ^ijljj' ^le ^jjJJ"

J^¿! ^ja! A^? j*j iJaljll ^jall ^i ^je ^Jll ^iillj Jji*Jll Ajjal ^uajji ^IjaVl jjj ^*Ijj1I ^l^jJ^lj iAj^lj^ll ^ija^l ^jUall jJllll j 'Aa^IaII jjc Aj.iJ*jll

.23l ^ jl^V ^^lj^ll ^^ll ^j^j ^Jej iAj^lj^ll ^i A^jIUaII ¿a ^^jjll ilaJ'Vl ^iLlja1 1993 jjJ^i j* 32 oil^ll ^jjJllj ^laJiVl ¿a j* ^^Jil*

ia^jljA* J^a j*j j^Ija JiUj Aljjll jjJ^ ojlij

.1993 j* A*l*ll AJljillj Ajjl'ill AUl^ll :7 J^ill :j^ji22

23 Vladimir Shveitser, ^Tower and parties in Post-Soviet Russia",7/6/2009 https://eng.globalafairs.ru,2012/11/9 ^l^ljoll .(lj^jjj ¿1*ja1I ^iljll »j?ll) (2021-1991) A.Jjjll A.jjIjaj^I ^le ¿liall jlAj j ^l*jVl j* ■lj^jj-jjI_>1I .(2022) .i ^Jj^ali i.^ ^¿ljja

^^ ^^ i W iA^ljjVl Ajjj*ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

l^jlj 'Ajiaxll Ajjlill AxjlaJl rUjAj Aljjll aajijii ij*jl^.\l rujjll J ' u ^l'x Jail

.rlPUil^Vl J A^lixll

^xJaxll rl£ja. l ¿j""!** Jll ajxavi J] 1993 fl*l ^^jjll ^jjJ^jll ^^jxll ajjj jjj J^ljj rljia ¿la Jj 'rlxjVl Ajaljx J AxAUixllj ^ji^all fj^'J J l&jjij JJxll 1^lil£ilj ¿IjeVl ijAJx ^jji rUblll A^Ull A-pUJVl A^Ull rl%]|

;AjjVI ^.'Ij^ll.' JjaJll Sleljx £x ""'lj» plij] jx^aj

lxll^l

.(4/13 a^Ull) jjlall flxl a^l^xll fji Je ^Ull rU^l jj£j jl uaj • flxl oljUixll fja Je jjl*** jlj Aljjll je Al^a'u AjjjjJI rlj» jjl** jl ', •

.(2/14 Silxll (jjjlSll

^juiall jjjXjjl j^j Ajajxll ¿UijVlj ^Ija^I rli Axl*ll rlj» plij] j^aj • rlJaj plij] jl 'Aixl ^^jjaJ* jl t^^jjll Ax^^i ^l^Ijlj ^jjj^jll flLill ^l^V

rl Ul ij j^^Jj lAjjjjll jl Ajxjall jl Aj5j*J| jl AjelxJ^Vl Aioill Je ^^jj^jJI jl AaJ^ix

.(5/13 aiUll) Aill^xll AJU J ГЬл^И Aall^x Ajlxal rliiill plij] J ¿all ^li J lxJ 'ГЬлхаИ JJJSJ J ¿all iji Jll • jl Aj*xa ^l J] f x^jVl Je Jal flej] jj-^j. Vj 'Aljilx AxIaII rlj» x?\l Ulij Ajjaj

.(30 SjUll) l^i pl!ill

jAlLlllj ¿^ J AljxSxll axiaji rbj^ll f&l Aal^ 1993 fle jjiuii jSl US

jUljx 1993 fle jjj^ii jx 31 Sixil r'<x ^j^ 'lilej Ajxi^i aLj^j ^aljxll je jjj*l1l AjjjAlx^ll rlel x^^Vlj Jaej tA^l^l jji ^xl^ll ^x^jll ¿^ jx ^^jjll il^JVl

.rljIj^Vlj rljj^xllj rljAl^xllj fl ^^lj^ll fl^ill jl V] '1993 fle jjJ^i l^'x^J ajjjj^jji rl^N^Vl Alx^ f^j Ajil^ajal rl^N^] Al^i^ oljljxll^ j' ^JjjJ ^jjjJI ¿lUli tjljao^Vl Al^jx ^l] J^aj

¿j^ll il^jaV Jj^jJIj A^^j^ll jlU] ^i t"Shock Therapy" 'Axj^ll. f^l. rije

Jjjjll jlj^j] l^ie f^j 1998 fle ^i "Ajjlj" Ajil^jal Axjl l^i i^jll ^laii l^ill 'j^ll

^jj^x fSl^j 'Aij*^ rljjj^x jje Axjl^ll A^lj^ AjaAjl ^¿ll '^^jjll ^j^ Ajelijll r\jjl£xVl Ijj ^li f^a ^i ^ljVl AjjU^ill ^i J^a^ lxljx 'A .'l ^ . .jl.' r^jjl A^l^x rlg^ljx Ojjli Ajlailj 'Axl^xll

.A^l^xll AjjU^ill Jjl^aallj jl^jx jjj f^^i ¿liJI ^jajjjj '1999 ^^^¿l ^l] 1994 j^x^ji jx

.2021/11/9'https://arabic.rt.com'2018/3/ 12 '"Axj^ll. jj^ilj ^jjj. ...^^jjll jl^JVl »l^jj24" rl^ljjll .(lj^jjj ¿IAJXII ^jljll pj^ll) (2021-1991) A-ljjll A.jjljxi^l ^ic Ui^ll jl^j j rlxjVl Aj^ljx ;lj^jj .jjlj^ll .(2022) .l .f ^Jjx^lj ^¿ljja

^^ ^^ ' ^V 'A^ljjVl AJJJAJI ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^ijlel ojljal J j^aaii l g*^»^ ÂljA ^ajjj^ia ajuijjii Ajajlàll À^iuuill ^Jjls

'^iljjjjAall ^Sij jIj'I A^lxlj 'mj*JI JjJ ¿jJ^ii Âljl—*j 'Àjjl—iiVl Ij^jjj fll*ll JjJ

ll ÂljJ À*lalJ

."Vladimir Putin" 25ùj>J. JJ^P^i oJJ ^H^l fS—ll ù^ A—ii Je 1999 jj^jJ Âljl—* Je ¿jjVl Ail^je jIj* Je "Vladimir Putin" ùjJj. JJ^JP^i OHjll

Jej '

Jàl^ll

J ^^jjji ^^lj^ll ^l^ill (^li.) Âu^îA ûjlel J^à ù* ÀljjJl jijsj^ii ûjlel

.(v) Àjll j*ll ÀUaill ^i Aaj^ jj Jjl -y'u « l* ijaj 'àjjjjji ^lS^-ll ^jj^i*

(2021-2000) ^jjJ! ft^îil SjtPt - v

¿jJL J lajlc Jbi^ll .il—tfl ^Sii jl£ J^ jV^ll JlJJj] À«âlJ Jaj ^-uajluiii ^l^ill fj^il ôJleV ^^Ji J ljj^1 jl^ aji ^I 'ÀjJljij^ll àjjjji àjjij^iuii

^ull ia^ Jll ll m^iJJ f^J 6îJ ^l

jl—jVl J ÀajJi^ll t^LuÀjLUlll '.J ' *lJ^ Ù* ^^JJ^ll ¿'jll f'à ^i ¿sjjaii ù* jl£ ja ;Jja laj^c Jjl—ll jji '^l^ij ^ji^l lj*l£Jaj ^jcj '(HA^I) ^Jljàj^ll ^Sli2 '^lj ^Sc ^î 'Ij^jjj ^jjill "Vladimir Putin" ÙJJJ. JJ^JP^î OHjll jî

^jljjjVl jij^i Jl ^l^jVl ôjjkkJl A^l^VI A^Jlx* - 1

liuijj jIjSjuiI jll ûjj^àll ÀJ*Jll Àjll^âjVl

.àjjij^vi À*jVlj J mj—ll 'Àjjl^j^ll mj—ll iajj] ^''l^j 'Àjjl—jvi

"Second Chechen War" A^SlSJI jl^j^il vj^ - 1.1

lj^jj ÙJ. 2009 Jj.j.î 16 jji 1999 ^^^¿î 26 Ù* ÀjJl^ll Àjùl^j^ll mj—ll jj| 1994 ù* ^jlj ^Jll jjjvi mj—ll Àjjl^uu^uill ijjjs^] àj.jjj^?j Àjjl—iVl

^jji ÀjJljàj^ll ^ljjjj ù* ^jji Àjll^aijVl Àcjill

mjui. '1996 O rth^^ l

"Johar ^_àjjljjj jAj?1 AjiilA À^llS* ¿jjj 1996 ^lc ^^Ji* ^i Ij^jj ljja

<_ââjl ^liil ùc ji^lj 'jlJ^jliil ù* l^j^V ùJ^Jla^ll jl^cl ^l^iV ^jI l** 'Doudaev"

.26JjJa _lî 100-80 ÙJ. l* ^^Aj 'Àj^jjJI ^IjSJI mI^^'I J.la* JlJall "Boris Ù^J^J. OJ.JJ. OHjll ÙJJ^ ^i jle à^^j jJjVI Àjjlujull mj—JI ^jajî JUi Ji ^ij 'Iaj—* À^—l j^Jjj. jl£ '^^jjJI ^j^ll ¿jjlJ J Ài£|j ÀLajj 'Eltsine"

.2021/11/9thttps://akhbarak.net t "ljujj ^i jl.iîlj ¡»ûl^ill . ^JJJJ25" https://www.hrw.org 10/11/2021 tjluiyi ¿jâa Ajalj* Ax^i* t2001 ^l»! JJJiJ!l tjl^jill ^i MjaJl ^jIj?26 ùluljJil .(ljujjj ¿ixjxll ^jUll »jall) (2021-1991) A-!jJÎl A.JJlJ*Jul jic ¿liaJl jlAj j ùl^jVl A«?lj* :ljujj -Jjljaîl .(2022) .i ^j.ûail t.^ ^¿ljjà

^>-oo ^^ ^^ t ^v tAjuljjVl А^цл!! ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^xll*j jljao^Vlj jxVl J^a] J "Asian Maskhadov"_jila^x j^^l Jliaill ^jjjll flLi. V lgil jl^jx nlel 'jUune.|j Je SjUj^ll ljjljlaxj 'Ajiljall rlljall

.27^Jia ^ll 30 ^jlb lx rl^jlj "Maskhadov" _jila^ix ^jjjll _jila^lx ^ijjjll fja 'flall "Vladimir Putin" jj***jj jjxji^i ^jjjll Jj* AjIjj ¿x jll lx vjall J^ij A^aj "Putin" jjJjJ ^j^jll jll 'f^ll lajJax"Maskhadov"

jjxjJ* f*** Jalj J^a 'jlj^elij lj^jijlj jliillj jlajall J jj^l^ijl fAjjJAJ

r^jj jx jll^ill jx ^ll 200 je Jjjj lx jljij 'jlijill AjJaJll Ajijll jx jjll

.^ijall fjlja jx t_aVVl rljie Slilxxj '^jall

"The Russo-Georgia War" -^Mjjil VJ^il - 2.1

rill ljajjai 'lxgjjj jLill rl^^j jjljj Ajila Je 'ljajjaj jl^jx jjj jJjJll 'i'

rjjjcI lj^jj lxjjj '^^lUVl Jlxill ^laj ^JjjjVl ila**Vl jl] flx^j^j ^lxLj

ljjj^jl aJail ljajja J ^^jjll ц'".!?^ JaJ* 2008 fle ' *aj' ^ Ji 'lAijij ¿Ulixl Ijj^a

^jall Jjl**j 'lj^jjl Ajlljxllj ljajja je Ajll^ijVl Aejill rli ' "South Ossetia" Ajjjjall

f^^ ¿liS] fljj] l&j'] Je fj '"AiUlall ^ijall" flil A^ixa ^J*JJ V lx J Ax-jjll ^ajjall

.Aj^jjll rljall ^la^jl Aie faj "Nicolas Sarkozy" ^jj^jl^ Vjljj ^jjill ^jjjll Aiej l&Jjia Je rajlj 'l-jlajlj Ajjjjall ljJj^ijl jx Jl J^So^l. rSjJel jl^jx jll Jjajll pljaVl": Ajl "Dimitri Medvedev" ^.JjiJjx ^jjajj ^jjjll sjjJel lx jAj ^Ua

. 28"jlajall ^¡jia J jljaj^Vl Jej fjli f^ Je Uliall jlxxll '"a ^^a^ ^ll 120 jx j^ll ^jjjj JJall rlix ljajjaj ljwijj jjj ^ijall Га\а 27 Jj '2008 rjl J jjja^Jl jjjil UlAl aJaJxll fxVl Aj^jix l^jJ^l jll Alj^all lij^ju jjli eJj^ll Axlxll AjeJxll Ajljjll Ajjliall Axla xll.. A-Jj^xjll '¿jjIjJI 2016 jjlij

"South Ossetia" AJJJjall ljJj^jl ^i AjlJjxll fjljall jli. ¿jaaJ* ^"Fatou Bensouda"

.2008 JJJJll 10j jjljj. 1jx aJJxxll 'jJill ^i ljajja ^i _jU jx rlajaajll _laj.] fj* laaV jll 'AjIjjJI ^i Ajajjallj Ajljjll rl^il^ll Axlaxll ^^l^Vl flLill jx l j a jaj* 2016 j^xSjj 16 ^i lj^jj ^xlij ljajja j lj^ijj

Ja|j fjj. jjjx '2000 j^xJJ^ 13 ^i ljJJ^x A. fljJlVl rjll ^jll Ajljjll Ajjliall

jjjaj lj^jj jJ] fjall ajj.ja Aj^ f^ jl AjJjjJI Ajjliall Axlaxll AxIaJI AjeJxll j^e] jx . 29Axlaxll ^jj' "J. l^ifljx lj^jj ra^bjj 'ljjljll J^h lj^jj AjJ^ leljj

https://www.undocs.org2001 'jl^jVl ¿jial ^xUll s:aixJl fx'Vl ^jix j-ji327 .2021/11/10' https://www.france24. com 2018/8/7'lxJjJJ Mjall Sj^Ull ^jSill ^i ljj^ljV ^^jjll J^jaVL-. JJi3 ljajja28 https://www.dw.com 10/11/2021.'2016/11/16 '"Ajljjll Ajjliall Axlaxll lxjj flij jx Ma^j* lj^jj29"

rUljjll .(lj^jj. ¿IaJxJI ^jljll pjall) (2021-1991) A-ljJll A-jjIjxj^I ^le Uliall jlAj j rlxjVl Ajaljx ;lj^jj -jJljall .(2022) .l .f ^Jjxal.i '.^

1.-00 ^^ ^^ ' ^V 'A^ljjVl A^JAJI ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

"Crimea"^! ^ kjfo - 3.1

j- J* ^Le i1991 ^le j "Ukraine" ijjlj* J^lj jV^l ilaj'Vl jl&j] ii-bjlj*^ ijjjill Ajl^ijill Jja ll jjl?j*j i^l^U ^la^xll ¿jj^j Je ljj|j£lj ij^jj

ijj-Vl ^Ijl^^ll ^i^ijlijj ij*i- Je ¿jSjjJI •xjj ilgie j—ill Je 1jj|j*i iailj- J^-i. j-¿jij ¿3*2 jAj i1994 j^-i'ip 5 ji "Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances"

ij^jj j- J* JgX2 jl Lj^j ijjlj* J^ai^V iji-Vl ^lUlx^llj jjlj^Vl ^jjill ^^^ll

jl iJill J] »jalllj JjJgill '. SjaIxaII Je jJJ*aJ- IaAjLjjcIj 4j£jj-VI SJajxll ^iLVjllj j-vi sJAl*- Je 1999 ^le j ij^jj 1a* iljjlj* 'iJajj i-^^i Sjill ^Ij—Suil

.JjjiL^I j jjjjjVl

j 2013 j^jj 21 j ^jjjjVl jlJj^ll ^ij^lj yae jil

i-jiall i2013 jjA^jJ J] - Ji^j jaj^I ^illj "Kiev" ' *JJ* ijjlj*Vl

jiS ^l jll ijalij'Vl JAj ijJjJjVl iatfl ¿- sjall SJ1—ll iJaiij|j i£lj^ll Ajaliil ¿ajil "Viktor ^Jjij^jj^ jjiiji ^ jll Jj*j ijll ^iXjj ilj^ijj ^ill^a- ^J—j

.iaj^- jjl »lj?]j ilj^jjl jlljAllLanoukovytch" jjjll^ijVl <>ei Je Ij^jj ^Le i2014 jj.ljji j^ljl j Jlj*Vl ^JJjll jlji j ij^jj'ljJ^l j*lj- Je ij^jjll ^ijill J^ j- SjLj^llj jjjjVl jlJJAll J^jl*-j »liaSui] »lj?] 2014 ^jl- 16 j fj'j i^jall jl^ljj 1$i- "^jall Sjjj? AjJi" ljj|j*i ¿j^

1jj|j*i je Jl ^ajVlj Ij^jjj u;Vl ¿- ijjleVI ^J'j^ ''' 'J^ i^jall Sj.'J* - ijll- ^IJel^Aj 1jj|j*i ^^ei jill jjjjjVl ^laj'Vl Jj^ aj^sj ^ill ¿^^jll jAj

j- jjjJj^l ila2Vl ijj^oe ji Jjjall jjjIa- ^jaaJl ij-ljll N^Vlj ^Ijall l^i- ^J^ll

^l^Vl Ji^j Vj ilaja^ ^jj »iJaJ^Vl j| SjaJxll i-lxll ^jjJel 1 ?

jjlA^ll iejA?- ji Ij^jj ijj^be ¿jA*J Aie l^ i^j^l Sjjj? Aj^ ¿^^j ji jJJ*^

.3014jJe ijlji ^Ijjae ^jij i"G8" l^j'lja Ij^jj ^ijja i2021 ^le ^i Jj*^Jll iljj i2016 ^le ^i JJ'JJJI ^J^J l^^ j-Vl ijijj-Vl - jjjjjVl - jjljSVl ^jlaJll jA j^jJjJI ^.^llj iijjljSVl ijJall ^Je jjiill jJjj l&ijj J^aiS "i-jil-j iaUi-" ljj|j£| ^Je »laj^l ilj^jj aJj2jj ^l ^ill

JJA^ JJJIJ jJjlj ^JJjllj jjj'jj ^JJjll jJj ¿ij^ll jl* 1A* iia^ll ji jijj-Vlj jjjjjVl

^i j^jjJIj iJ^jJ ^^^si iji-j-Vi sjaJAli ^IjV jli ji iijji j*i ^i ¿i^jVi ji ji^i J^

^l^jjaJI ^ll^al jJjlj ^l^jjaII ajj^j iljla-j iijijj-Vl ^Ij^ljjJl ijjl—JjVl iA^all

.2021/11/27 https://www.bbc.com i2020 /6/2 i"AejA?All ^ji^ lj^jj ojlej jj'ijj ¿^ll Jjjll »lAej30" ^l^ljoll .(lj^jjj ¿1*Ja1I »j?ll) (2021-1991) A-ljjll A-jjIjaj^I ^le ¿liall jlAj j ^l*jVl j* ■lj^jj -jjljall .(2022) .i ^Jj^ali i.^ ^¿ljja

^>-oo ^^ ^^ i ^V iA^ljjVl Ajjj*Jl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

31"Dmitri ^jS ujj ^jjxJ jlx.jjSll flj ^iJaixll jlul Je ljujj Aisj jAj t^ixlj*

J u ^jjj^j jl jlxj ¿Lull Iïa jij tPeskov"

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

£uljillj JjJâl! jSx. V tAjplajVI Uuijjl Aluùllj jlxl AaU'txj ^jjall ¿x*]| ^Suï* IjpljS, •

jjxp^i ^ûjll JU«J Ja J*i tbjlj$Îj UuIjj jjj £xa*** jll Ajàjjljil ^jljjil j^ilbj tl^jà jjill Ajajjjl ijljjll jlj Àjjjàjull AjSall ^ljj JxlSlb ^A AjjJall ljjlj^l; jl ^Jal J jjjjj

"Nos liens 32spirituels, humains,civilisationnels se sont jjj iix û^uj Ajjl^allj tAjjlujyij J*.. AjSjjxVl '¿Jaj*]| ûLVjllj lujj jjj jlj&^VI Je ^liall jSl t tissés depuis des siècles"

Ajaijl Ajqlql

ôJajxll ûbVjll ^x J ASiallj "Pragmatisme" ÂjJlx^ljjl! Je ljujj Jlxel • ajjs^*!! A^aljxJl jkà Jl*jlj ajsjjxvi ûtaj^jl! Aelià ^¡sj J Ja Jl fAl' tAj£jjXVl

.ôj^ljxji

a^ull ^u^vlj 2020 j^ujl ^jjluull jj^l - 2

jSl tJalj fjj J^ t2019 Jjjjî 22 J ûjlja] jjSx jl£ ^jj^jll JjJ«2il tjlja j^ Ja Jjah* Jl t2019 AjIjj iix fl^l J"Covid 19" ljjjj^ ^jjji

¿l^jlj 2020 ^jlx 11 J jlaj'VI ^nlaxj lxjjll ^nlax jx JjJ*jJ| ^jj^x Je ¿îlj AajpSxJl jljaVj <fU 7 "¿JxJ 2020 jjlj.1 A.U Jl jjjjj 25 J fl^VI

J5j ^Il^al "f*j"_j fl '«VI J jj£jl^xll jx50 % jx j^^l ûj^j jl ^aj. jl£

.3367.88% JJSJ A£jl^x AuL 78.56% Ajjl^i Je jla Oilax) Ajplaj-yi Aj^xall ^lxl Ajl^^ ji "Vladimir Putin" jjj'jj jjxjp^i ^jjjll jsli IjI^jui Aj.jjj'j]| jl 2020 jjlij. 15 ^i (Jlasyi ^lax tlxjjll

ûl^lx^all fjeJjj juljult fl^aill jjuaj jle l aUe tl^luujx jjoxjlj ^jâl ^j^ajl liâjj ljlàlj Aajjll j ljujj ji fSall fl^j AlSjA ûjlej jx^jjj tl^j^ljl ûJajj J^jll sjijuj tAjelxSaVI AxjSall jjj ^jj'jj* ûjlejj t^jSll jul^jll fl^ill je jlàlll^ tjjlxljjll fl^ill jaj

jlaj'VI ^laxj lxjjll ^lax Aji flSi. _ jjl^jj juljj fSa fl^j _ flijj tjlxljjllj

."34jjsxj| ^jjjji ûlja^^all 1993 fle JJiuJ JJ.J*j* jl J^Ja JJiuJ ji^J* Jja ^lSil! jjjjj ^j^jll fua lx£

fl 1993 fle JJi'J ûljjl£xlj t(J.Ja JJi'J Jlxiel) li^l Aala ^liA Ajl JsSeÎ"; AljSj

.2021/11/27'https://arabic.rt.com 2021/7/28'"^ji^jSil ùljl^jjl J^jjil l^jj яа. ¿i^j o44 â^^ V ^jw1"

.2021/11/27'https://e-sa.co'2021 Âjjja ^jju Âjijjljll ôj^jii Jj^ ùj^jj ^^sjiî '^jjjjj^32

.2021/11/13 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki9%8A_2020 ^jjO^jil »l^VI 33

.2021/11/13 ' https://arabic.sputiknews.com 2020/1/16 '"JJJaJl f^ ¿Jj^il Âi^a ùjjjj :jjj^34"

ùUIJJI .(IJ^JJJ ^iljil »jail) (2021-1991) Â-ij^il Â-jjljxi^l ^ic UiaJl ÙIAJ j ùlxj'VI Âja!j^ -jjlj^ll .(2022) .1 .f ^^IJJ^

^>-oo ^^ ^^ ' ^V 'ÂJ^IjjVI ÂJJJ*]|

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

j jluiyi ¿jS-j ^jjO^jll ^liiil Aj^l^Vl ^jUasi ^sjj jl J*ij tJ*j UjUU^i ^jj

.35 "^^jjll ¿Aja^i! äji^ Ä-lxLU ¿Jell ^j—1 JjS*l lx jsjj 2020 äjijj? J J — ^jjj^jjl jjj*j]| Jjj lx jjjl jxj

jÄj tL^jJ LkJl ÄpÄ ^l JalS "Bepa в Бога" ^Ь jl^yi Jl ¿¿jx JjV SjlUl • jjxj ¿jjij oj—jj. ^Jll t^^ijjll jl—Vi" : 2020 J äU*x!i 67/ 2 ¿Jl^ll ä—j^ Ajle ^^j U

^JJ^ ^b jl^Jyij bi*ll cM Щ] lJISj jJll ^^Vl ^Si Je. ^»aUj t^U, ^SV

.36"\j—jlj' Ää^iljll Äljjll '¿Jajj tÄJ^jjll Äljjll jj^j' J ÄjjIjajuiVI

^ijjll Äu^jx Äjlxaj Älji^llj ojjvij ÄxjxVlj öj^vi Äjlxa. Je Ж1/72 sjUsi • JliL^J ^JJ^ öj^Vl J Jli^l ä^jjs äjj^jj t'ö1jjü i—lS

.^jllj äji^jj ^ijjjvi ä^jux! jjihjSl je £lijllj .äjjijjjüi ^^ijvij .LjjaSSl j£a.j tju^lÄljjll ^ljlx^ •

lil i^j^iji Je Äjui^Vl jcjSll jjüj je ^ujxvi J b^yj t37Äj^jjJl äaisi '2020 J jj*^!i ^^jjll jjj^jsi jx 79 ¿Jl^ll t, t^^jjJl jl—yi jjj^ij ¿x lSij AjUa^^ jx »ja 13' JjjSl jjü '"'l.!* J ÄSjlUixll ^^jjll jl—j^J jj—j. jlyi ^ijjäj ¿ja— Je ijjja fjiou. V ijä jlS lil ^jjll Jl—'äjjjjji ^¡|jÄl*xi!

.^^ijjJl Jl—j^J ^jjo^ijll ^liill ¿x ^^jiajj Vj ' j^lj^Slj äj!jj!i ^¡ijauxji Je üjxj*x!i jjjsi jjü ÄSjUxll ^l%Jl ^lJljl jl l^S

^i ^jä^^J\\ ^ t^^jjll jl^j'Vl jjj^j ^^ ^^jiajj l^J tl&jjuaj' ^i ^^jjll Jl^j'^l

Jl—vi

JjjSjjSI j^Vlj ^ie ¿U—l JjjIjj!I jl^j'Vl Üjj jl Je179* '¿Jl^ll •

ÄjIäIjSI jjj^ll ^i J^Joll ^i^j t^jx-uillj Jjjll jjü ^^iull ^jIajJI jl ^'Sj 'l^AjjjxJj

.38"äjjji!

'¿jiaii tj^SVl jjüj^ijj jjüJ^.*] äjji—jvi lj^jj ^J^J ^läJjl '¿Jlej •

jx josv ^^jjll Jl—''Vi ^jüj j*uj jl Uli ^¿il jjaj V 2020" ä!j*a!i81/3

https://www.alaraby.co.uk 2020/1/17'^'öjijullj iliial ¿x ^ujll ^liill je ^iüll ^ijjsi ^iij jjjjj" t^ljlJ jxl^35 "Кремль" ji^jj^ll ¿ljx jx ijä.L '2020 Ä^ja ^i ^^jjll jji^jll jx 2/67 ¿Jl^ll :jijl36

.2021/11/13'http://kremlin.ru/acts/constitution, Статья 67/2: "2. Российская Федерация, объединенная тысячелетней историей, сохраняя память предков, передавших нам идеалы и веру в Бога, а также преемственность в развитии Российского государства, признает исторически сложившееся государственное единство".

.2020 ÄJjja ^i jj*J ^jJ jji^jll jx 1/68 '¿Jlxll :jijl37 Статья 68/1: "1. Государственным яз^1ком Российской Федерации на всей ее территории является русский язык как язык государствообразующего народа, входящего в многонациональный союз равноправных народов Российской Федерации".

.2020 Äjjja ^i jj*j ^jjll jji^jll jx 79 sJul :jijl38 Статья 791*: "Российская Федерация принимает меры по поддержанию и укреплению международного мира и безопасности, обеспечению мирного сосуществования государств и народов, недопущению вмешательства во внутренние дела государства". ^uljjll .(l^jjj ¿kLJl ^iljll »jall) (2021-1991) Ä-ljjll ä-jjijxj^i ^ie ili—ji juj j ^lxjVl ä^ijx :l^jj .jjlj^ll .(2022) .1 ^Uljji

^>-00 ^^ ^^ t ^V 'äj^ijjvi äjjj*j|

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^^jSlL jjj'jj jjxjJ^i Jall ^iLJjll jlauj Ixx 'Jlall ^UJjll rLVj JJe jji^J £x '"jjj'jSä

^Lial jjj jx 2036 fc Ale J] f^all J öjljxU JlSlbj t2030 '¿J$ej 2024 J Auljjll

.39iiSll ja AjjUll Jj^j ^aJ J Ajllall '¿j^i Ja^ Allull AUuJll

Jxe f^jj ^^ 'Axj^all ^JJJ je Vjj 'pljjjll ^lax rlelxSal jjJj AJjjll ^JJJ •

AJjjll ^JJJ ^J^ jx jjjj*xll f-1 > JJe £juij2 £x tAJjjil ^JJJ jx jxlj ^Ijjjll ^

.2020 f-e J jjaxii ^jjll jjs^jH ¿^83 'jl^ll Aj'jja Ix ¿äj ^jlaj'VI ^iaxll J jUljiil £ujl '"4 ^lu ^jx fSi tAjJjiüjllj Aj*jjuSll jjj ^jjjp '¿Jle] •

*lüjh j *ijjjh ^jjj ^Jljj ^jjjh ^jjj j^i J Ujjll ^>lax a^u i^ujjll ^JJJ ujj*sj "State Duma" Lxjjll ^lax ^¿a 'bjiix ^jJjll rla^.^ jx jxVl rljljjll ^lujj ^¿J J Aia ^JJjll J%u ^llj t*ljJjllj frljJjll ^¿JJ M^J ^IjJjll

."40Aialjxllj Ixjlx jj£juj Ixjjll ^ilax fAjSj jjjll fUl ^ujjll ^jjsujii JjJ*Sll jx 103 'J^ll ¿¿j "State Duma" Ixjjll ^laxl j£xj. •

^jjj jl An^i'x jx Alje Jal jx ^uijjll jlajVI ^JJJ J] rlxlgj'l Ajajj' 2020 fl£al '"V'^x JjUxll J 'ASjl^aa jx Ajlxja Jal jx 'Ajl^lui Auijlxx je ^^ll ^ujjll

Г^1а]| J Ixjjsi ^lax Ja jx ^ujjll jLaJVI ^¿Jj2020 J ajjaxii 108 'Jl^lt

.'Jujjll JlajVI jjsuj jx 117 j 112 j 111 Jljxll ^i ^j^jxll

Aj.jjSuj ^Jx jx ¿all "Constitutional Court" ajjjsujii Axlaxll rlja^^ ^-üx •

125 Sjlxll ¿äjä tAJjjll ^¿jj jl Jja jlxljjll ^j^ jx l^jjjj fj ^Sll jjjljSll ¿jjl^x

AjjjSuJ jx AjjjSujll Ax^axll ¿SaSj t^ujjll jlaj'VI ^¿JJ jx ^l^j '2020 ^i AJj*x]| AjjjSujll jjjljall rlejj^xj ^ujjll JlajVI jjsuj JjJ«j jl^j ^ujjll JlajVI jjiljS ¿jjl^x 3 j 2 jjljall ^i l^jle ^^j^ajxll jajll jle oJxS*x]| je ^^ЬЭ iAjjlaJVI jj^tj^llj Ajjlaj'VI l^jle ^¿ajsll ASjl^ll jjj|jällj ^Ujjll jlaj'VI JJSUJ jx 108 öjlxll jx 2 ^jallj 107 '¿Jlxll jx

.^uijjll jlaj'VI ^JJ J Jja jx Jj*xll ^ujjll jjsujll jx 83 öJLxil 'Ajulj^ll öljall ^i Aljjll ^lax jjj JJ*ä2 •

jjj JeliSllj ¿^jxll Jxxll jlx^ Jal jx ^ujjll jlaj'VI ^i AJjjll ^lax J^^uüj. 2020 rl^aJSllJ Jlaj'^j AjaJlällJ Ajl^ljll A^lj^ll aj^jjjll ^lAlaj'VI Jj.JaSl 'Axl*]| rlKlrnll

^'Кремль" ^ujjll jlxjjSll ¿äjx jx jjilx '2020 Ajlija ^i JJ»xll ^ujjll jjSUJII jx 3/81 SJUI :j^jl39

.2021/11/13'http://kremlin.ru/acts/constitution, Статья 81/3: "3. Одно и то же лицо не может занимать должность Президента Российской Федерации более двух сроков. 31. Положение части 3 статьи 81 Конституции Российской Федерации, ограничивающее число сроков, в течение которых одно и то же лицо может занимать должность Президента Российской Федерации, применяется к лицу, занимавшему и (или) занимающему должность Президента Российской Федерации, без учета числа сроков, в течение которых оно занимало и (или) занимает эту должность на момент вступления в силу поправки к Конституции Российской Федерации, вносящей соответствующее ограничение, и не исключает для него возможность занимать должность Президента Российской Федерации в течение сроков, допустимых указанным положением".

. 2020 fie JJ»xll ^ujjll ^jjSujll Jjj»sll jx 103 'Jlxll40

rluljjll .(bujjj ¿kixll J12I ejall) (2021-1991) A-lJjjl A.JjljxSul jlc Uiall jlAj J rlxj'VI Aja!jx :Ijujj -jjljall .(2022) .l .f ^SJxalj ^¿Ijji

^>-00 ^^ ^^ ' ^V 'AjuljjV! AJJJÄJI ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

J AJjjJl ^k* ^laiVl jjlall ijaj.j iAljjll Aj.il^jaVlj AjplAj?Vl AjAiJll AjjVl 'lj

.^^jJll la'Vl

AJJAUAII JIJAJI iJej A1J*A1| ^^j^aill JjL l&jjj! ioJjJe 'lilajiV '^joxill ^¿J

^la* Je jjJ^i ¿^j Jj ' *a У '^joajji j! Ajjjill Jjl^ij '"'*liJ 1алэ 'JjJ*jJIj .[6]^xUll Aailj* Je 'jla '^joXll jll i 41^iall J • Ji JjLi flail jjjij JjAji^i Jll A rjA? * Jj 2020 AjjjJ^jJI ^^jJxjJI Je ^^ijjll y»Uill Aail j* ¿?jJ' j! jlAjj

:!^aa! j^jj ijjJjJ ^jjjll ^l^i ojS Je Jjj jAl^* ^SjJl ^ii J ^Aj i'ljLjjeVI j* jll '^jJxJl ji ^»a^j l* ■ jljHutfl ¿U^ A^jjlu^l ^J^l •

jLla* j* JjlaJll Jj Jj i^ai Aj^iUjJl ALLill Ajjai' J y" V jjJjj ^jHjll WajJal

Je ^jJSl jj ilj^jj J^aJ^lj Siljw Je JjjUll oJa j* ^ji—Jlj jljai^iVlj ^iI^iaJI

■ JIJAJI JJJ^I

Je AjlUa J jjj'jj ^jJjll ^^jai i^Jjjll jjilall Je ^^ijjll jjilall oiljwi !jja Jl*ej •

:ajjaj hujj jjj ^jji AjljjJl ^|jAl*AJlj 'baliiVl Je jjlall AjjJji Je Jj^ljJl ^jjilall f 'ill J ^^jjll jjj^jJl Ajjlj! j^ija JlUj iJaJ' ^llaVl JjajJ' Jj A?la AjljjJl 'i^i^ijaji ¿a jjlxjll jaj lj^jj A?jj' je ' *« Uij Iaa i"AJjjll J^aJ^l j^'j |jA ilijol jje l* jAj ilj^jj ftJLui ¿* ¿iljjj l* ¿ij l^jle A^jjiAll Ajjjill 'bja*Jl jjju ^^jlaj' ' *« ^ j oal iALjjuA jje lij*^ oilj^ jjlj' j! yaj" ■Aljaj Aalj^ "Vladimir Putin" jjj'jj ^jHjll Aie ^^xj ^l^aJel ^ lAoie ¿^jll oa ¿^j ii^jll '¿oaj lioxJ^l oal ...ljA J?! j* jjjlll lilxi

."42A^joll A^lj^ll jlj lj^jj ^ilej i^^xjll JjS j* A UlwAlj AJjoll ^ «Hl ¿j jil^all ^^jjll ilai'^J AJJJJ^Jll a A<a a\1 ¿jl^Jl jl jall ¿* Aa^liJ* ^fl? ^sijaji oja

"Anchugov and Gladkov v 43Aj'a ^i AjjjjjVl A ^la^ll ^la aj^ijaj 2016 ^le ^i

^^IJVI jle ^^jjll JJJ^Jll AjjJj! Je AJJJJ^lJl}| AAI^AJI AJ?JAJ ^¿llRussia"

^l^Jilj jjiLljAll ^ljjaj ^jaa j* oall j}j ^ijj' oS Ajlji ^ljalijl jdajJ jlj? ^j Aj^jjll

Ajalij'Vl j! jlj AJJJJ^J}| a A<a a1i i^^jjll ilai'Vl ^JJJ^J}| ^l^ill ^шЛ

^SljAJl ila2^J Ail^l AjSlii'Vl^ jLlJAJlj jluiyi ^jaaJ AjjjjjVl

V iiAJelJa jjj*J' jlUj AjiLjJl jjiljall '"'l AjjaJ j^'JJ AjjjjjVl a\1 Ajjjilall

.2021/11/22ihttps://www.alwatan.comi2020/7/30i"1j^jj ji ^lil^Vl jj3j jj3^j1I Jjj*j" 41 .2021/11 22ihttps://arabic.sputnik.comi 2020/1/16i"^jjll jji^jll ji uj3jj A^jial ^ill jjjiill ja l-" 42

:j^ji 43

- Case of Anchugov and Gladkov v Russia, Judgment 4/8/2013, European court of human rights, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int,22/11/2021.

- V. N. Chaeva, "The Russian Constitutional Court and its Actual Control over the ECtHR

Judgement in Anchugov and Gladkov", http://www.ejiltalk.org/therussian-constitutional-court-and-its-actual-control-over-the-ecthr-judgement-in-anchugovand-gladko/. ^Uljjll .(Lujjj ¿kLJl jiljll »j^ll) (2021-1991) i-ljjll i-jjljAj^l jle iliall jlAj j ^l-j'Vl j- -jjlj^ll .(2022) .i l.¿ ^Jljji

^^ ^^ i ^V iA^ljjVl ijjj*ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

SjUui fl^ill Ija jl^] J l ¿Sj.W' ^Ijlj SjUlui ^^jjjl JjjlSll fl^ill J

.[7] Ul*ll AjjjjlSll OjSll ajLoeb ^^jjll Jajyi jjj^ ^^jjll jjJ^jll Je 79 '¿jlxll Majx 2020 ^jjJ^jll JjJ*3ll

JeljSll jx ojj^^jj t^^jjll JjjlSll fl^ill ¿wilij jlx^ Ajl^ jx iAjJjjll JeljSll Je

V] AJJjjll Ajj jlSll

JeljSll ^lxj] fJej tjjj^ijll jx^i ljjxl Vlxe] tA*x ^^jIajj Jill AjjjjlSll

.^^jjll jjj^ijll ^i l^ie ^^j^aixll ^jj^ll ¿ij

J lxjSx jSj fl Jla J J^jll J Aj^lj^ll M' ^ ^^jj ^i^jj' ¿ix •

jx 81 aJlxJl)ajj^Vl Ai^ 25 -ll J lj^jj J jl Maj. Ajjj^xall ^¿Jjl Aj^iilbj lj^jj

jj AJSJX jl AxJb Axli] jl tAjjiai Aj^ia A£^JXI Jla J jl '(2020 fl*l ^jjJ^jll Jj.J*Jll lAjjial Aj ^^Ijl Je ^^ijjll jlaj'Vl jx jLljxl Axuljll AxlSyi ¿a ^jal A^jj'j Jll AjjiaVl ^jjjll J Aijxjll ^Silb ¿liaV^ (¿jl^j) ^bUa ^ua j^a

.^jjll ^laj'Vl ^^ijl ^jla ¿Sj

Aljjllj Aj^lj^ll M' ^ 'xII Jcl^ jjj »Vjll A^jIj AjjSjJ lj^jj Aajj je ' °'''Sj lxx tlj^jjl jjlljxll jj^j p^xxll ^j^ jx Aj^ilj^ill ^lUi^ijxll ¿IjjiaV Ja ¿^bjj tAj^jjll Jjlaj jjj'jj ^j^jll Al Ajij' ^^ll j^all jAj iAljjll jljSJ^l Je ¿liall Aixj

.^jjjijjx ^jjjll fSa J ^¡jljj jll jx jje Ц iAl jjlljxll MJ-jS" ^le jjjjj ^jjjll Jxe; Ij^jj LIj^jVI •

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

-Lliall ^i Aljjll Ajjj^i ^i ijjxx IjjJ ^ixVl jl^all ^ixj (¿^lixll ^le jjj^aa^ull A^lja jjj

A^la tl^jll^x je x jjjxj'j ^lalaja^l ^i33x ^j" f^ji i^xjxxll fl^ill ^le

jl"x Axl*ll Aij£^llj fl*ll jxVl ¿liallj ^llx*Jl ^l.nhiVl ^ji fj' tAjllx*ll ^ljill

.45AjixVl oj^aVl ^le jjxJlSll jjj pljjal ^l^j^l ^jll tjjj'jj ^jjjll

"Oligarchy" Aj^jlAjJjVl Ajaill ^jS^ ¿x ^jljJllj : jJJJJ ^JJjIi Sjjt^a Aj^j JS^ij • Ajaill ^ljjl o"e Jjaj jx f^jll Jej tjjj'jj ^jjjll fl^j ¿x ASiljJx l^jlbl oJjJa Ajaj ^jjj ^jll Ajjl^aJaVl Ajaillj tjj^lj^ll jjljj^xJl Jja jjaxjj ^jll Aj^lj^ll Ajaill l^ix lj^jj ^i t^jjjll Ajlljxll Ax^lall AjJljjJjill Ajaillj l^jle ¿l^l lxji jl£jj^j' l x^ tJlxeVI Jlaj l ^^^xj

Ajal.il t"Tatiana Stanovaya" ljlijjU^ bl^ ^jj ¿lj^ll Ija ^i c"Super^,46ASjL ^lei ^Aj ^jjj^jll ^^^yi jx ^j^I"; jl "Centre Careingie Moscow"j^jx? j^jx ^i

tfjjll "ul^ll ^^lj^ll Aajjll Ajjljxj^l jle ¿liall Aj^^jxJl ^ljlx^ll fl^j pl^j] jA ^jjSxJl

2021/11/22 'https;// arabic.rt.com'2015/8 /14'»jl^j ^i AjjjjjVl Axiaxll ^ijlja jjiijj jji^jll ijlj^ jS^j A^Jl Ajjji^jll AxSaxll44 .2021/11/22 t https://alghad.com2018/5/3b"^jJl ^lljjJjill j^Vl jl^a jjl^jill fki jjjjj Ajjjjl45

.2021/11/22'https;//aawsat.com'2013/12/31 i "lja Jljlx lj^jj ^i Ajaill ^Sa" t^jlj ^jjjji46 ^Uljjll .(lj^jjj ¿l^Jxll ^jljll »jall) (2021-1991) A-lj"ll A-Jjljxi^l jle ¿iall jlAj j ^lxjVl Ajaljx -juljall .(2022) .l .f ^'jxall t.^ ^¿ljja

^^ ^^ t ^V tA^ljjVl Ajjj^ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

Je! ji ^jjoll ^jliJll Jx?J IjAj il*le12 j* jJSV -lall j* jlAJj. jl Jja^l ^jjjlli . 47"Ajaill jle lilAjel jJSl j* ji J^^ll -jej ¿'j Ail ji*J 1a* iljAja y- ^i* ojjjS Aal^i* ¿lal AJj.Ja}| 'L?j}ji£jll ^¿¿j" jle jjj'jj ^jJjll il^Jel jj Ail'Vlj ilajVl il?*! oilxJ^l ojjj'j iAj^ljjVl ojl'all ^lxll ^j^^aII jlLj j ^lxll ^!jll Aj?jj1 ji Ajljull ^ijjall" jljie ^aj 2021 jjjJS! j jl«J* j '"'^i ^lai Aala jii ijiiljij^ill ji "Valerie Korfine"": jdijjS ^jjlli j«b"ll ^aljll oSl i"^Jl^^^ll ilaj'Vl ox 1* f Aa\«Vl ^aJ^l jji Jjoll jle f^jj«^} jjjljj*Vl lAjjL Ajiaj' jA AjljUll ^jjall

¿aJ? a1I ji jjjIjJI jje il^j'ilj« j* IaIaJ' 1ДjJJ?Jj AJjoll J^*j«I 1 ^JU^ljj jl Aji iAjojlaJll ylaij j! jlAj. aLuII 'IjlaVlj jjoaJI ¿aJ?a1I '¿oel^iAji ...Aji Sojo? AjlVi jj*J Jjl'"Jj

.48"AJjoll ^ el*ll ^iJll ^UiiVl A«l« jjj'jj ^jHjJl ¿jjI: Sjjt^aj ^jjjjU ^cVl •

jje lj«jj jjii jlLj ji iAJjoll ASjIaaJI Jj1«j JjjAJ ji ^¿!j Jj1«j jle

i^jlall Jj JaloJl ji l^J Ли13 jjS! y^Sj il^} ^jjjJllj jjj'jj ^jHjll A^lj^ je ^liollj i-llxJl

cjVji jjjl* 300 ^ J^' Ajji« Ajiljj* lgJ ^^^aaj' jj}| с "RT" Jj! 'llj'll -A! j*j

Jx? 1a* ij«jj}| j'Uwill flMl Aj?jjAill ojj^all Jaj ji 1 Ja ? J jjJlll i "Sputnik" ''j"'jj' "j Aj^bjiAll 'joai i"Ajjljljaj'l £jj!" je ojlje lgilj Aj'jjll Jj1«j ' *a' ^J ^^xjll

jjai' 80 jaij Aj'jjll Jjl'j l^JjUi jJll "A'llj" L^ji^j jjJl jjlaJll ioe AjjjjjVl

^Ulji jjjlaJll °jA JjlaAll ji i49^^^ Aajll ^oej ^l^aiVl £jjj jjjjjJjVl jjiLljAll ^ljjj

¿ai ^jl ^lxll ^!jll Aj?jj jle AjjoSj iAjljoll Aal^Jl ji j'jjll jjjlj ojS je

.l'j! jljoll Jj jiLjll ^jii ji AaJJl ^Jj} jjjxjll Aj.jal Jl?* ^Jj' jjj ¿'j A'lj' jlAJjlll ¿jj'l 1j ji

A^jLaaJI 'Ij^VI ¿j' jle J*e ^ja! A^? j*j iA^? j* ^Slall ^l^ill ji jjiLljAll ojaj ^^^J^J jJll ojaIjaJI 'ljj^i} jaj^aJI ^j.jjjJlj j iAJjoll j*! jle ¿liall JJj* '"a Aila^all J jaS^I ^oaJJl A^?IjaJ A a'1 iJ* 'ljl! i1?J.l AjjA^a J¿ ji j ilj'jj

jJjj' fliJ! 2% j* 1 ^j* 'aJ^* ioe ¿ij'jl jJll 'jJiVl jje Iaj'V jljAJ'Vlj flajll ji A laj^^ll

80%50jJj A'lHjJl j'jS jjj'jj ^jHjll

jjj'jj ^jjjll I' 2011 ^le jalji ji* ^JJjil A^iSjjJjVl A Miji^il ^cj •

Aljui ji jaljVl ^jJartll jle ijjall ^^jij ja^all Ailaj} ^jj jj i"ljS^a.!"

.¿jl^ll ¿ajxll i.. .Aji^a - 'j jjjjj i^l^j J*l'47

.2021/11/15ihttps://arabic.rt.com i2021/10/12'" jljij^ll ilajyi JJAl^j Uj« yaill48" .2021/11/15ihttps://www.sasaposy.com i2020/8/4 jjjjj AjjjLljj*j jaaj ^jS49

'l'ljoll .(1j«jjj ¿iajaii jjlJll fj?Jl) (2021-1991) ^joll jle ¿liall j1>j j 'l*jVl 4?lj* ■l^jj-jjlj?ll .(2022) .i jJ^^lj i.^ j^ljja

^»-oo ^^ ^^ i ^V iAj«ljjVl AjjjxJl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

^iuiVI Jja JlSill ^Jij tAj^ljSxjJll AjjleVI ¿x oJjJa ^jljj ¿la jl] j*^ lxS t'jjjjyi

AiluUll fJSll с A&l A.ja .'Jl

JjjjS ^jjj^jll ¿x tJjJall ^il ^ xll ^jill lAJjjljj ljxeJ je A^jiSll 'jjel lxS

Jjij lx jAj '"Miracle of God51 '¿llall AJJaei"-j jjjjj ^¿Jjll "Kiril Lakota" l^jSV

"je Ji iAj^£ijj'jVl Aj^jjll AjxjSll A^l^ll feJ ^jal Aja jxj tA^l^ill ¿x A^n

iSll ¿il jj

lxx tljjle Jjj^xll A^jiSll ¡"<K\jxx ¿jxa '«ajlj A^ijiS ^ll25 jaj »lij Jjel jJj'JJ ^ijJj]| J^i jj^j lj^jj ^jla J ¿^jj ¿¿lix M^Sl A^jiSllj jjjjj ^JJjll jjj fAlijll "jij

jSj A^j

iSll jlj A'la tfll*ll Jjj jle lgjjLjui jle ¿liall J Ajejj^ll AjajljjJjVl

AjJI jxJ| Aj^Sj jjjVl iSll ^sJ

^j^ "Si tljjle AjjjjjVl Jjjll l j ' jll jlj l '.ii wj tija jjjSli AljlSx M^^j ljiSl Jlxli jx jjjSli l ljjjjl": jl lijjljx J lj^jjl

.52""jSljllj JjjSx jje lJAj t^l je li^ajlj ^lij jlj tlialjjl Jxjj ^ijll" f^il ¿^bj ^jll tljjle ^jj^ajll fj jjll ojjaVl Ajjjj^ijll jl lxS

jjjll jl jSjj jlS 1993 jjj^J jl jljoeVI J jaVl ¿x t^jjll jjJ^jll J jljVl ojxll"

.lj^jj JjSj^ix J jlpVlj jlxjVl 'OjSi jjaj jl] jj^j. IjAj tAljjll je J^aiix

J*ill JjJj ^ljj ^i*jj t^iljlj^^l A*jjl ^j^ ^j'"j fl j^jj ^jujll Jje jl ¿a^j lx Ajj*^l ^lalajaVl t2005 J AjelxjaVl ^lxjall 1L jll ^la^^Vl »lj] AjjlL1ll ^l^UJl fl^j A^jl*xj t2011 J Ajjlxljjll ^ljlajjyi '••'/'el ^jll

A^lj^ '¿jS jle ^^'Sj lx |jAj toja ^ljlajjl fj^'j ojjj^aj 2019 fle ^lalajalj tAjJelSjll ^jj^ll jj^ajj j lAJ^be ^jJI tAjlaljll ^lxj^l ^"^ajll ^i jJj'JJ ^JJjll

.53 jJj'JJ ^jjjji Jja ^^jjll ^lijll '¿jjlj jx ¿^j lxx tAjelxjaVlj Ajjl^ajSVl

AxjVl jx lj^jj ^jja MSe AjJl^aj^Vl ^jj^^i jj^^h fl^l *

^jj jll ^ jjSl ^ja jjjLljxll Jaj ^Jj^x jj^aj'

jle jjSjjll fj t2000 fle ^^jjx ^i Ajjl^jaVl

^l^lxxll JjJ*j ¿x t^^J*xll ^Jj^xll jx jjjl jjSj jl jJaj. v Ajjj^ll jjaVl AxjS jl jjjjj

V Ajl Jle ^JJjll "Sl ¿JSajlj

tlj^j*xj ljjl^ajSl jAljll ¿^hjll ¿x M^'l 'jj AxJSj jjSjl AjJelSjll Jx*ll '¿jjj^ J^a jx tAjjll*i Sjljjj t^jLjll jl^jaVl ^i Ajjjj^ Ajjjij ^ijjjij »ija] jx Jj

.2024 fle

^laxll ^llxaVl ^jlill jx %25 jja tljla %21 jx ^ljlxJj^Vl faa ¿jljj jle

ljajjlj ljJaj lAjjjel ^jll lj^jj jlS^ jJe ^^liajl Aj^Sl jJj'JJ ^jJjll Ajij lxS

j] t"^Jajll |jA jle jjll jA ^aj^ljll lijalj ...l"a m*' ^ jilJëJxj.Jll ¿^hjll j]" ;AJjSj 2018 fle J^a ^alij Ax^j jjjlx 147 ¿lljll jlS^ll JJe jl ^le Ajx^jJI 'i^S

Jj*x *¿Jlj.jJ ^l»ljaVl jx Axja ^lj Ajaljxl jJj'JJ ^jJjll ^jjal JSj tAx^j ^ll 86 jl"Sxj

51 Gleb Bryanski, "Russian patriarch calls Putin era miracle of God",8/2/2012 https://www.reuters.com,! 5/11/2021.

/11/202115' https://www.aljazeera.net2021/11/24 jj^jj! A^^xll jjjjj ^jS ".. ji^jj^s " ^pall uj^^II a^^x52

.2021/11/29 ' https://www.limaza.com 2017/12/20' "^Ij^jj »J^j sjjjS ajj^^j jjjjj jj^jj^i liLJ " 'jj^^ jj^^x53

^l^ljjll .(Ij^jjj ^jljll »jall) (2021-1991) jjll A-JJIJXJ^I ili^Jl jl^j j JlxjVl Ajaljx :l^jj -jjlj^ll .(2022) .i ^^IJJ^

^^ ^^ ' ^V 'A^ljjVl AJJJ^JI ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

oijoa* 'lejio* C2020 ^ J^a jVji jbl* 6.5 lgjiKj 'Ij yl—Vl

jle! 'lcJijAj jljVl oja11 'l$*! jaj^! 'lilejj iljli^e VliL! -'J jll Jaoll

.54JliLVl ^lJJ Jji ji jS1*Vl j* o.^l Aa1i'jj iJliLVl j* JjSi lioft —' jll

jl "a ll Aije ^jjj ^J^ ^ja iojjjS 'laiJ ylUJj jjj'jj ^jjjJI 'la^^aj Jaili' jll ujuj jAjJl A^&b l^ie j^eVI —J' jjll j^jloJll": j! "AlexieKudrin" jjjijS j^ljl! iA«jj}l Ajif ijlj* jle jjJxJl ylUJj« j iAi^ll ji Jjjj jLjIa 500j 400 jjj ^jljJj. 1* ylLJ'i ^jJjll Aj^illj ^¿jjJI ^^^Jll jli IjJ ij}1A?Vl jlaAJl ^Jlill j* 0.5 % j 0.4 jjj £jljjj ji % 5 j}j J^jl jaJLaJI ¿«jJaJI j* jJS! j}j ^il^aJSVl JAill Jo** j* ¿ijll jA jjj'jj Ajiaj jje AjaIS ji jjj'jj ^jJjll oSl jljuill IjA ji c"55 ^jal JjjAj jil^a* il?jjj i2026 ^le jljie 'aJ "VTB" 'j UjL j* -k^ll 13 ^ji^Jl ^j1ajj«VI ^^haII ji oxj je j'laJJl il^jSVl : "jl jl«jAj jjlAjlll jijAj 2021 jjAiji 30 fjj. "RussiaCalling" ^jLS 1«jj jle lAjJaj ¿j«jj jle lj'jj 1aS i"4.6% 56 Aj^ij 2021 ji jAjj jl ¿■SjJaJI j* j«jjll

. jljoll ^jj^Iaji

A^jdl j jjilil sjui^i Aja^lj^l - 3

ji jjJlJJl jjla* -A! jle Aj«jj}| AjjjLljjaVl jjii oi1*J«V AjilaJVl 1j«jj 1aS iljajjij ji l&oaljj jjj*jj iAjfljjVl AaUirtll ji ¿«jll jle Jaaj ji iJl i .Ajlj.j*Vl . Aj«jj}| 'LS^aJI ji yjlaJJlj ^ij^all jjj ^ajUll ¿a AjjlAeljj oj^ij yj1?Jj'

"Eurasian" A^ljj^l Ai^l j ¿^¿¡Jl - 1.3

EAEU: Eurasian" j«ljjVl ^il^JSVl ilai'Vl JlU' jiljj 'ta 1994 fle j* Ajloj lj'jj j* JS fl«jj 2014 jjl* 29 ji AjSlijI y?jAj lUi! ^jll i"Economic Union 'a'JI 2015jj1ij 1 ji jliill jja 'lai

j! o*jj ijl'u naljlSj ifl'jjll lj'jj iAjilajVl yoll Aj?jjljJ'l jlLj ji Jaoj j«ljjVl ilai'Vlj ilj«! ¿«j j* jlJ'jjejjSj '1j''Jaj! ^j^ j* Aj«jj}| AjjjLljjAyi ojUj' oi1*j«lj ijjAVlj ^il^ajSVl ¿«jJll ji j«jjJl

.57jjjjj^l i1a2Vl ¿* AijljAll AJjla* ^jal A^? j*j ijj^ll jJj ljjjji

ASl JU1l

^JJ^A lj'jj jj^ll jjj 'LS^aJI 'Alj j! oxj lj«! jai j«jj}| A?jJll jjljJi oJaJA}| 'ljV jll jljaJ«l j* oaj. yl USVl ioxj* jJji ^l^i A*lSj J?! j* Aj?jjljJ«Vl ji A^a^aaJAll lj^ljj! Acja?a ^jJJ jluJjjS ^jlS i—JlxJl jle "USA" Ajlj.j*Vl

.2021/11/29i https://arabic.euronews.com2020/1/16ij^'Vl ^ejl jjjIjj jl*jj jjlill ^Jaillj b^jj jli^ iJe ^li—jl jjjjj ijjjjjjjj54

.^jl^ll ¿ajxll - jJJ jj i^l^j jxl^55

.2021/12/1 ihttps://arabic.rt.com 2021/11/30i" jjjij-ji Jp-ll jjaAiAll Ji ^i ja11*1I jL^SVI »IjV l-jjaj ojjjj56"

57 Alexander Gabuev, As Russia and China draw closer, Europe watches with foreboding, 19/3/2021, https://carnegiemoscow.org,26/11/2021.

^Uljjll .(Uijjj ¿l«jull jiljll »j—ll) (2021-1991) i-ljJll i-jjljAU jle iliall jlAj j ^Uj'Vl j- :1j^jj -jjlj-ll .(2022) .i ^ij^ali l.¿ ^Jljji

1.-00 ^^ ^^ i ^V iA^ljjVl ijjj*ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

ji лз*'а}| j*lJ}| j?jj'ljj«vi JJ¿ jj! jaJl* j*l& jle Aj«lj^}| jUla a1i 'ijl" jj^ll ¿* ASljUll \j«jj 'jlJal ijlj.j*Vl jy^ll ^iliJll jlUj ji Aij" :2021 jjAiji14 '¿oajAJl 'LjVjJl jjj AjjS A^sLjaJI JljJ' Vj i1lj.J*! jJj j*jjU JlUj ljjjj! JjAj' 1aj3 ji A^la iAjjj«Vl ojlaJl ji oJel^a}| Jjoll ¿a l^ji^e jj.j*j' lj«jj JjlaJi t"...58 jj^allj

.Ajjj^all A'aj^ll jA' Ja^i ¿aU'A1l oJA j! jljJel jle Lj«! ^J^ yji? Ajalill j* flj« lj«jj} Aj«1«Vl jjiill ¿UUa —A! j* j^«j}| Lj«! AaU'* oxj

jjli ¿jjj jJl Ad^SVl j* op^l 'AJ^jSVI Aalill j* jl A?jjIj«Vl

. [8] AaLiAJl oJA Jjij 1j«jj —laj iAjjliJJl 'lS^xll ji ljjS ljjlaj ^U"' jj^allj lj^jj jjj 'U^aJI j! Jjall jl Aji jl jJ'"JJ< y^^^ i1j«jj л v'?'' ^jS 'jUl jj^ll A?1aj ijj^all il^aJSV ^jL^JaJI jAill ji jj^ll JaIj lj^jj" : ji jAijlll ji ^j1*aJI j«1j^1l "ChristianMalanga" 1?iV1* —j' jlUVl ljA ji "'^'»ll jA lj«jjj J1aJ| jA jj^alli ijjj*Jl jjjIjJI j* oaJl Aj?jjljJ«l jle Al^a j* buijj Ji^V ijj^ll jJj j«jj}l Jl*Jl j* 10% Jj.jaJ' AjSliJl jle ¿jSjJJl

.jVji jljl* 400 jAl'j '1*jj*

'Ajji Jaill Jl?* jii jjj ¿A?j' jJl Ad^SVl 'l^lij'Vl j}j Ail'Vb jj.j^j' Jl?* ji j?jj'ljj«VI jjlxJll AjSlijI jj^all oLioa 'l« ASJ^j Aj«jj}| Aj^oaJl 'lull oils j uoij A^oaJl l^ll AjJaj}| Ajiill 5 AjijOaJl uUJl >j cLjJ 'ULxJl q AjJaJl Ajjj1l

Wijj J^? flij ^jjUA ji ¿и? jjoljll Jje jjjaJI ¿J«jj'j ijpljll jjj AjjjjaJI ASjaJl

ijVji jljl* 110 jJlja 2019 fle ji lA^ijj Aj.j1?j}| 'VjLjaJI —aa 'l^jj i—IS500 Jj^j flSjJl 'VL?a ji "^^jjil - ^j^^il ^jil j^j^il Jjjb" ^jjuA j}j Ail'Vlj jljl* 200 yjlaj ji ¿SjjaJI j* jjJlj iAjjjjJljlyi oj1?J}lj —lll lj?j}jjSjj ijeliL^Vl

.20 2559 fle ji jVji —^jAll "Russia Calling" ^iliJ lj«jj jljie 'aj ij«jj}l 'lj1ajj«VI ^oJi* J^ai —eoj jl«j*": ji 2021 jjAiji 30 ji jjj'jj ^jJjJI oSl i "VTB Capital"60 'ij UjU j*

—eoi jai ...oj1?j}| ^J^l ajajlc AjJaJ' Ajjj flUij AjajjljJ«! jlUj ji jjlj

.61"¿j.J^1lj fljaJl AjajJljJ«l jlUj ji jjjjj^all liJl^^^l

.2021/11/26ihttps://al-ain.com i2021/11/14i"j-jSlji^Vl jj^ jji jail- jljj- ji ijjjjij b^jj...Uij1—-j ¡Jl^-" ij-lill ji jji jajl-58

.2021/11/26ihttps://trendsresearch.org i2020 /9/3i"WljS"-j ij^jjll - ijij^ll ijil^iSVl jji3 ^V1—-"ilJjj1^1* jijj.i59

60 "The 13th VTB Capital investment Forum Russia Calling",30 November-1 December 2021,https://www.russiacalling.com,1/12/2021.

.2021/12/1 ihttps://arabic.rt.com 2021/11/30 i "jVl liji l^i- J*Sjj ^ill jA lijl^ jj^ll j- jiijij jl* j- :jj3jj61"

^l^ljJll .(ij^jjj ¿kLJl jjiill »j—ll) (2021-1991) i-ljJll i-jjIjAj^l jJe iliall jlAj j ^l-j'Vl j- :1j^jj -jjlj—ll .(2022) .i jlj^ali l.¿ ^Jljji

1.-00 ^^ ^^ i ^V iij^ljjVl ijjj*ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

- ^U^VI :ДДц!у1 - ¿ti^L 2.3

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

jjâail AjajJl jj^VI AjjljVl S jjlJ AjajjflVl - Aj^jjII ùlàJ

ljujj jll SJJJ*]I AjajjljluVl jAj Î[9]\JSJJI]J ljujj jjj ^JIJJI - ^JIJJI ^lxjjVl ûja*jxll "Russia-Africa" ljaj.ji]-bujj Ax3 jlb] j jl*ll ^¡j^j l^ajaall Ajljjll ^jSll jljj Ajjlax LLjil j ¿ujlll j Lujj jàh* ^jljj Jal jx 2019 fle"Sotchi" j*j* j '% 33.6 Aj^ij bajji] ^¡jiaj ljuijj jjj ^3x Ajjlalll ^¡^.xl*lll jlxa] ¿Li '^jàVl 'A&jiyi Jjjll ^j Je jjljall jte j 'Ajajjiyi Sjlall jl] Aalu&l jjL^x jjSl Lujj sjjj1ihx]| Jjjll axju 2021 fle j jj^jj jjljall jl ^Jjll "R.B.K" ¿3jx ^ja 'j^jJ jjj1X 985 jAl^j. ¿Ijxj "SSSS" ^jxall jjjll "Ajj^ jjj ù^J Ail^xll ^l^Jixll

.62^jjjll Jl a xll ji fjàl^j* '"'l 'AjjS^ie ^IjjI^j ûjjàjj Aalul j x , uUj

A^là 'Ajajjiyi Jjjll ji ¿x*j ^jàj Jj '¿ai Ajajjiyi jljljll Aal^Vl jijj V l^jj jSl

Jjjll jx jj.j*]| ji Ajja^JI ^ilSjalll plja jx AaU'xll jJll AjuiljuijjaJl ^¡Vjalll

ljajji] ji j Ijjj] ji Lujj] juljx jaljj* Aie faj IjJjJ ji ^l^bj^J jj»ui\l ^^ijli 'Ajajjiyi AjlàlJ ^ilxjl ù^alj Jjjll ûJA ^lèlj 'Ijjjjj] jij jlx ji 'Aj^ljaxjjll j*jj£ll ji 'jiujll ¿jxa J^-»-lu)l ji jjJjj ^JJjJI Auiljui SjJ3 Je ùà/X ^jàl Aga jxj 'Aalux ^ileljjj ûjla

jx ljllaj 'Jj3 jx jlXxluVl jx A<^'x\l AjajjiVl Jjjll Aallxll Aj£xxll ^^jill

lujji l^ulj Je AjjiaVl ^jall ^j^ jx l^jj*^ ^ill^e jjè ji l^Jljjax J^iluil

.AAjJxVl Sjalxll ^IjV j]Ij Jjlax jjjj jjjlx 5.6 jjlalJ' v AjajjiVl Jjjll ji jUjjll jaljlll Aii£j jl ^ijjjalil ùi^Sj

^LJ^lj 'A'U'xll ji ^jj]| jj^alàxll pljjàll Jxe ^^l'x jjijJj 'Ajjxjll jjl*xll jl] Jj^jJI ja^cJx ji :Jljxll Jjju jle 'Ajajjiyi Jjjll ^l-ulj^u jx Jj.J*]| fuj ji la^lj lAJaljj ùxeJ lxS '2018 fle ji AjuIjjJI ^ljlàljVl ji l-a^jx 36 J^l jx jja^jlx 6 ljujj ^jelu "Emerson ijfclijlix jjujxj] ^jjIjxjJ ^jjj ûjeJ jj] ^jjIjxjJ ji ^Jall ljujj '201963 jjlij ji J^ujxl Aj'jljj Ajulixj Jjall ^jjaj" ji Sjel^xll J] ljujjMinangwa" ljjy£ Jjjj* lxS 'jVjJ jjjlx 267 Axjaj Jjjxlll jjlai^j '"¿jxuVl jjjjll jae jle ¿l^^Vl ^^j

.64ùj^Sjj]| jx 27% Aj^ij "RUSAL" Jlujj ajujjji fjjixlVl AS j^

^LJ^all jjl*lll ^jl^x jx ¿ijllj 'A'U'xll ji lAjjij ûJljj jl] ljujj 'Jjljall ji lxl

¿liv AlxlS Sjj^ll J4^j* 'Aj^jJill - AjJj|jall ¿alJj J^ ji J 'j^jjJll jxjlaVl Jelill

J^ ji 'ûjlall ji ljajjljlul lxx 'Jjljall ¿x Aaj jjSI j Aejilx ^li^e ljujj plij

^llxJ* jjljall jl jljle] jl*i ' Ajlàljll l^jjj^ ji jjial Jàjj ^l ¿ixj '^jjljall flLill fljlal

62 https//almasdar-dz.com,18/11/2021.

https://arabic.rt.com 26/11/2021.t2019/1/15t"JjSWJl ^i «Л ^ja ^jJaj lj^jj ¿"eU* mI^j ^jjljxjj ^jJj63" https://www.aleqt.com 26/11/2021. t2019 ^ijla 28t "ljSjji] ¿ijjal jaj jjaxjll jjjSli Ajajjlji^l64"

^l^ljjll .(lj^jjj ¿1«jxJI ^jljll pjall) (2021-1991) a-Jjjll A-jjljxi^l Je ¿liall jlAj j ^lxjVl Ajaljx -jJljall .(2022) .l .f ^jjxalj t.^ ^¿ljja

^^ ^^ t ^V tAj^iljjVl Ajjj*Jl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

|j$i 'JjjlJ AjlàJjJl JJI^AII ôl— ±—1 AJj.wii j^jiljj 'Ajajjâyi Jj^Jl Mèl Aa jjJ* ^lâ^a . [10]Aj5jjiVI - Auujjll _ AjSlJaJl Ai* ûliJuiVI jS^. Jj^jll

jjjijj ùja ^^ji ÎAJSJJ^VI '¿J—xll ^bVjll tiîS J^ IjSjjil j jjjjll ¿JJJJI j$S IjJjj" M*'j ^j^ j^J.jxVI ^ûjll <¿^1 jxjSll j*VI jl^Jwx "John R. Bolton" Aj^âljj ûjjA Ja Jj^aJl Ja jl^jaj tAjSjjiyi ûjlall j jjjji jj^àU* Ix^iL jj^llj JS j jxsil lA^jijj IjJjj ÀjUi j* jKà ^UA jSl tûJaj^jl ^bVjll Ja

.65"ljj jj Aaki^l

j£U lx jAj 'Aja.ijxj jj1*j* ^iljjJ^ix Ajjj^ail — AjSjjiVI Ja ^jà! Aga jx

j jkjxll "Sino-Africain" ^SyjàVt - jj^il jj^l ^jJjxJ Aixtfil Ajljjll Sjjjll j ASj^ll ¿ixXT'ja m^I ^ '2021jjxiji 30 j 29 jxjj AjJlij^il Ax^UJl "Dakar"

IJa jij '"j-pal! ji Ujjilj jJ^all jJJ AxIjJ^ixJl Ajxjjll jjjxjj AjSjjîVI — Ajjj^all

jxjjxll AjjUxj "Ramtane Lamamra" Sjxlx*] jt^xj ^jjljall Ajajl—I jjjj jSI <jU^il ^lax ji JJall AâjliVI f-1 ôJal^ix" jjj*x]| IjSjjij ji ^l^llj jxVI Jja jxljJl

j "Ajajjiyi Sjlâil j jxVlj ^l^ll jji^ix AallxX jj'aJjl ^la ûJaJ^Jl ^x^j

AjSjjiyi ^li^xll ^^all ¿J-Kll 2021 JJ^p 2 j* ajijj ^Ijl 3 '¿^X jjljalj jljAj AijJ* ^IJjy A£lj^]|j clallb jjjjJilj c19 JjijS A—la J^ ji jjj^all jxl^aJll ^laj 'Ajjj^all — ^uJâl ajj^ jn^il jla! I^S i66^lJjy! 2021 jw" ^i ^xi jjljallj i^lSllI

1.7 ^Jl Ail^yij ^lâill jx Ajil^l Aaja jljl* i^Sjjiyi — ^jj^Jl ùjiajji ^^Jix

.67Aj^jjil AJj^ 50 Jj^ 110 -J l^JA^a ^JJ! Aaj? jljl*

'"FOCAC" ja^jaVl — jjj^i! jjUJl! ^^Jjx j! ûjxl^*J jlk*j AjajlÂÎI jjjj jJal l^S

' "Post-Corrona"1jjjjS l^l ji jj^ AJ"Forum de coopération Chine-Afrique" jjll Ajjj^al! AjjaJJl Jajj Àaalj^ll ji l'jl jSi ijl^jJ^V! ¿jjl^x JjjAJ ji ^ai ^jl l^S AjSjjiVI ^IjjSJl J^iJ^I ^icj Aj^jJl! Sjjal ¿jaaJi AjSjjiyi Jj^ll

^VH^I Ail^yij ' ^'Néocolonialisme" ^j^aJl jx l^jji l^îx Jj^ll

jjjjll jx JJ^J ^Jll ^IjaaJll t2063 'û^ïai ^i ûjK^ftil ¿lï^ll jjij

ûjl?Jj| ^ll^al j* 21% jj1aJ AJSJJÏVI Ajij^il ûjl?Jl! ^Jl^a! ji jl.Ja! ^Ift t68^la|jj]|j tjVj^ jljl* 43 ¿îj Ajjj^ll ^ISj^ll ûjwLx ^Ijl ¿nJ 2020 Ijajjiy Ajajl^ll AjSjjiVI JjjJl ylèlj tJi^Jl jx jjj^x ^jij Ajjj^ ASj^ 3500 jx jjSl Jaljj'j

https://www.washingtoninstitute.org 26/11/2021.'2019 /2/26 '"Ijâjji! Jl^^ ji ^xljJxil Ujjj ijij" iljlS^i^jjj lil - .¿aj-H ^àj65

66 Smail Rouha, Mettant en exergue l'exemplarité du partenariat Chine-Afrique : Ramtane Lamamra tacle la France, 2/12/2021, https://www.lexpressiondz.com, 3/12/2021.

.2021/12/3 'https://arabic.news'2021 /11/30'£*L« A^Jl ^jlàJl jjàjJilj j^^Jjj 19 jjïjS ùUlll jx Ajil^l Aaja jljlxj bSjjàl jjjJj jl«j j^67 2021/12/3 'https://arabic.news'2021 /11/30'^xljj A^^Jl ^jJAxJl jjàjJSlj j^j 19 jjïjS ùlalil jx Ajil^l Aaja jljlxj IjSjjil jjjJj jlxj j^68 ùIjIjjîI .(Ijjjjj ¿IxJxJl jil2l »jaJl) (2021-1991) A-Jj^il A-jjljxJjl ^la Uïall jl^j j ùlxjVl A^aljx :Ijjjj -jjljall .(2022) .i jJjxalj '.^ j^ljji

^>-oo ^^ ^^ ' W 'AjjljjVI Ajjj^Jl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

AjSjjäyij AjU|JJVl jjsaklxll jjj ¿Jjll Ijlu jx öjji '69"(j.jkllj fljall" öjjIjx]

.1 xj '¿j Ajlxl£j rla^le t * i* jj

¿Ij^sij vj^» -^J^» 3.3

jjjj ^jJjl1 ¿x AjSjjxVl '¿JaSxll rljVjllj ljujj jjj ^jlSSll jx ¿Ja

jx f^jll jlej 'jljjll ^ilAjVI AailSxj 'Ajjjjll AaluVI jluSjl ¿jx Jjlux ji IxjuiV 'fSall jxVl ^lax jljä AeL^ ji jjjjVl jlaJVIj '¿JaSxll rbVjll jljj^x ¿x Lujj jjUj

Ajujjll П^лЛ Jta UJjl^ll ¡¡ll^ax jjljj jSl 'jljj] jle rljjie ^^jij oJaSxll fx^J ¿jlSll AxjVIj Ajjlj^jVI AxjVI jluj A^lä '^jäV 'jSi jx jjjSli jx Alaj jxJ' AjS.jxVI .^Ij^allj ^jlasll jjj ¡ajlSj Ajujjll AjSjjxVI ПЗДлЛ jl jl] j^il lxx 'Ajjjull öJaSxll rljVjll ^l "Washington" jLi^Ij jl 2021 jju ji Lujj ri'.^i Jäj jl] Ail^yij tjjSq.J^ jje jjSljJ Ixjjl jle '^jUSll A-ajj^xa "Prague" ¿Jjjj AjSuxVl jjx.J^i ^jJjll J^ "Joe Biden" jJ.b ja ^yJjll ^j^ jx ¡j^Sll

jJ.lj ^JJjl1 "Stefano Bolis" ^jljjjliySui ja^ll Jlu lxJi*i '"Vladimir Putin"jjjjj jjjjj jl J^S*j. jlS lj] Ixe "CNN 'jl j* ju" ASju jle "ISj.jxl Ь jJaJl ^xljjj ji

Jjj 'jjlusll jLiuIj ^jl l&jjiui jeJjuj' ljujj Jta lxx ' JaSel 'fjxxxl": Jj Jjla" IjlSa jl^djxVt jl jl] IjjUx 'fj. J£ lx jal JSL '¿JaSxJl rbVjll ji Ajl": -j jjjjj ^¿jjl! jx oJjaJl Aa^all A Ij'xSx ''¿ijx]| ji j^jllj jJ-ilj ¡¡^ajj 'jlSuüliil ji ¿Jalj Ajj^bj rUxll

.70"Aajx Vj A-ijau jjJ

jle IxAJjSljj 'А..^.^ "Geneva" ^a ji WJj elalll 2021 jjjj. 16 ji fSjl

jila^ jxj> J^ä jjjjj jjx...J^i jUjjll ^jjjll j] 'jjljll jjj rla^tJl jlj&ul

ja j£...jxVI ^¿Jjll jl jl] jlulj" fÄlioll ji UAjj je jJJlJJ Ijl Гjje": AjJlJall Axil! ^¡ae

.71"flxsÄ^J "jjjx Aji^äVl Axjij '¿jjä A-iJlj 'O^ljj Aj^aäu jJ.lj Jja 2021 jjxijj jj^ J^ä Aj£.3jxVl oJaSxll rluVjllj ljujj jjj jpjsl! JJaj j$l

fj. "Dmytro Kuleba" Ijjlj^ jjSjxJ jjlj^Vl Ajajl^ll JJjJ '¿jeJ jj] jle 'Ijjlj^l Aj^a JjJall jle Ajujjll Jjuall Ajaljx ji ^Ij^^J l^jlj^l elila 2021 jjxijj29

julLVI Jlx^ ^la JjJ 2021 jjxijj 30 ji jjjjj jjx.J^i ^jJjll jja IxJJj '72Ajj|j$Vl 'ftj^jl Ajuillj "jxaVl ¿^ll" jjlaj ^lj jjSe|j Ijjlj$l ji Jjja jl Aalul jUj jx"OTAN"

.73Ajujj ¿.¡jlj^l JxSax juj Aji Ixj ^jä Jj jl] ^Jjjuj

69 Smail Rouha, Op.Cit.

.2021/12/2 ' https://www.arabic.sputniknews.com2021/6/16'fJJ J^ lx Jal Joä fS. ¿JaSxll rl^Vjll ji " Jjli " ¡JL^x je jjjjj70 https://www.elmayadeen.net 3/12/2021.'2021 jlja 16'fÄliSll ji LjUj jlJ^j. jJJljJ jjjjj ..AjJUjII Ixjixä jj»j71 .2021/12/3 'https://aljazeera.net 2021/11/30'^lAJjJa jujjll ^ji^tll jUall *lji Aej^j ^jaSll l^^lila jejj IjjljSl" 'rj -»JJjalI72 3/12/2021.' https://arabic.rt.co 2021/12/1'"jlill rl£ja3j rljljiSul jle Jjll A^jS^e rlelja] jiSju ..jjjj Ijujj" 'jjjl73

rluljjll .(IjUjjj ¿ltSxll jjljll ejall) (2021-1991) A-l jjll A-JJlJxJuI jle iliall jlAj j rlxjVl Ajal jx :ljujj -jjljall .(2022) .l .f jSJxalj '.^ j^ljjä

Ч>_00 ^^ ^^ ' ^V 'AJuljjVl AjjjäJI

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

'VLAaVl AUliA bi^'V ji jilill ^la Aj?jla fljjj Aji ¿aj?I ^jll 'jJl ^ii ji

AJjoll yJLS jlul jle j^lUVl ^laJl jja iUiljSV J*Ja* j«jj jje A^?IjaJ AjjLLII liAj ¿ioJ« 1j«jj j! j* "Antony Blinken" jlijlj jijJi! AjSjjaVI Aj?jla}| jjjUL ^HaJI

.74UiljSi jle Jj.J? ^jSue jljoe ^V l^aAlj jle jia^ jaj'ja ji "Sergey Lavrov" UjjiV j^jj« 1j«jj Aj?jla jjjj oSl lAji —IjgSjJ« ji ljjjj! ji jjlxJllj j*Vl A aU'aI AjajlaJl fljjj '1 e1 aJ? l

j*Vlj ijljoll jjilaJl ¿¿jlj ajjj'":jle 2021 jjAuji 2 fjj AA^le"Stockholm" Jja Aj'jiljA ji jjj'jj jJAJi^i j«jj}l ^¿JjJI AJlS 1a jjSi j..j1^jj ljjjji ji ^jluxJl foe '1 jSj 'AajIa AjijiU 'li^ ^liA jjlJ j!j 'aol'aii ji ''j* ■ ^Jll fo*J '1 JjlUJ

jljaJl ^gi ijoai jjjjj*}| LiHlSJ^j ...lii*! Jogi' j! jlAAll j* jjJlj iliijoa jle Aal«Vl jUj ."75fljja}| ^jJ^A jle jLvMj ¿* oJJJ? jlja Aula jS«j* Лa»J«...JJj^JllJ

^jaV ojJi j* Jj iSjOJua 'ujl Ajlj.j*Vl — Aj«jj}| 'LS^aII j! A ?lJ'J«l jlAj. 1*

jIjaj«I L^-jOe —Jjl i^l'jVl —j iA*alj*j ^iLil 'IjJi ^lJaJi i'lclj^ ^'U''

jle jlejliJJ' jjj'jS jjj ^11 —ll Jiljj jle JAJAJ i^^lla jjlAeljj ¿Li* ¿ij 'LS^x-ll

JS jj^'* ¿ij —11*11 Jji AjjJS! ji ¿«jJJl jJljijull ilai'Vl j* ljjljSi ^jja ji* ljjljSij 1j«jj jjj ij?jj jljSVl —¿ji

■Ajj'Vl 'Vjl^Jll l'ji ^jLj АшЬ«jj?}I 'lilAjJl jll C1991 fU ljilJSi ji AjSjj*Vl s^aH '1jVj}I A«ij jle "NATO" JJ1i1l ' >aU Ja^i o*. Ja • flajjj ¿«jJ.1l je lj«jj ^1a? ^ijll U^^Jj iAjjljSVl — Aj«jj}| JjoaJl jjlaJJ' AOjua ALa

^76 Ij} lj«jj A'jIaa —¿j iAaJl^al ^jal Jji —'j AjjjjjVl AaLiAll jle jJlill SjLjf

jjjjl?^ jJJ £lj^l1 AjSjj*Vl SjaJA}| '1jVj}I A«ij jle "NATO" Jjlill AjjAJ Ja • iljj ibii'Vj ljjljJjl ilJjJJ'j jLa jle ^lall ljiljS! fl a'JV jAull J^a j* ljjljSij lj^jj

? l*ji ^»ju* AjU^iivi JjJi jie flajyij j«jjJi ilaj'yi ^jJaj Ai*

ji*j Ij Jaj ^Ajil'j Ajjlue 'laiij lj^jj AjiljjA Jlajy Uo^ jj'jjJl Jo** j* ¿ijll Ja •

¿jjU J^a j* flj« 1 ^ajaaJl j*uj' jjJl ^jjlll ¿jjIUaJI je l^jl^Jjj lAijoa jsiuaj lj^jj J*^ Ajajj'lj2«Vl ASljUll jlUj ji jlxiJl o^lj^l jjjxj'j iAj«ljjVl ASljUll jlUj ji jj^ll ¿A jjjall 'lJJaJ' A?ljJ 1 g'll iAajJj jjlxJ 'lS^e 1^** l^Ljjj' jJll jJljall ¿a A^la iAjajjiyi SjlaJl ¿a

?aj1jjavi SЛaJrt1l 'ljVjll j* —eoj jljJl j«yi jjj*aji ^11a Jll fl j? j* s jjLa

https://trtarabi.com 3/12/2021 i2021/12/1 '"L'aIj li*J гiji« ■jJlillj ..ljiljSi Aa?1^a jle 1j«jj fje oSjj jlijlj74" .2021/12/3 ihttps://arabic.rt.comi2021/12/2 i"liJjJa jle ¿'jJl jjlill UlUi ■UjJaV" ijiji75 /12/2021.3ihttps://arabic.rt.com i2021/12/2'"LjjJ jo? fl'ei jle ijii jjlj jl jjlill ■UjjiV^' ijiji76 'l^ljoll .(Lj«jjj ¿IajaII jiLJll fjaJl) (2021-1991) A-ljoll i-jjljAJ«l jle ¿LiaJl jlAj j 'L*jVl 4?lj* ■Lj«jj-jJljaJl .(2022) .i .f jJjAalj i.^ j^ljja

^^ ^^ i ^V iAj«ljjVl A^j*}l

ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

lujJil Ail^VL ^Jll Jjjll ûiA ^ill^ax ^ejj. jUjjll — ^jjljall ^ijlalll ^j^l Ja •

Jj.J*1| ji jUjjll ll jjljall Jj^ij'j 'ijàjx Ajujjill — Ajjjljall _1ЗДл1| jJ*jj* fSaj

.ALax _luljJj ^lajV ^JJlx Jlaxllj jSll _Vjbill jx

jx JjJ*1| ù^alj Jjljall jl jl] J^Jill fj 'jdjaJL Jk^l JHaU ^ JjV) f>J) ^â

ûJlà ji A^là 'jbfcjVl Aila jl] AJjj]| ùl^j 'Ajajla _ljJlj* l^Jjè jlll Ajlàljll _UjVl SjIjVI jfll^j Vj] '2019 ji jJ*^ll ^ljall J A^xlàll AjuLj]| Sj^I Axjl Jj]j '«Wull

jl] Ail^Vlj

jjAull ji^jll Jjall Auujx Igulj jle Aljjll _luujx ¿x 'Ajuljull JjUj 'Aljjll Ajjljxlul jlx. U Jal jx jx Alulu ^ljj*]j '^jjljall

U IMJJ ¿k^l ^¡йЛ fjaJI

jle j^baJ* jl _JlS jlll _lxjVl jx jj.j*ll ^^jAill ji ljujjj jjljall ^jluj .1

.Aljjll Ajjljxlul jle ¿liall Jal jx AJjja Ijjjaj ûjjjS ' _ llljj l xj '<l 'Aljjll Jjaj ^j^alll ji jxVl jl^aj Jjall Auujx A<'a jle jjjljll ji Ajuljull ALlull jxi*j* .2

fl^ill jljalu| ûJle]j

. juljul

JS ji ^^ji lxx '_lxj^l ^j^alll jjJ ùll a Ajjjlujll ^^j^aill ji Al^lall _Ij*j]| .3

.ljujj ji jl Jjljall ji plju ^jJiuJ JjJa* plja] Sjjj^ ûjx AjJjx Jlaj jujjll julull fl^ïll j ^Jjljall j-ulull fl^ill ji Ajjj^xall ^jjj .4 flkill ji Ajajaa _lxjV ^j! ALLll jleVl jull jlJalul fjej '_lLLll ^jjjj ji Sjj^ll

.(lajlu jjljijull JlaJVl) ljujj jij ^Jjljall ^jjlujll ^ae pla Ajjjall AjJj*i1|j juljull ^Jilll jlji] jl ji Ijujjj Jjljall jx JS Jjlxl*** .5 fij. flj _Vlall ji Aijie Ajjau ^llLx jj']j 'juljull fliill JàlJ ^jjS _lelj^

Jj.j*lll ^ajxj Ajuljull AjJj*lll ùjjj jjljalli 'jljaluVlj jljall ûJjuj. ja ji l j'lul jjjlSl 5 A^liljlj ALlull Aaial JàlJ je ^àxj ^jll 1989 ^jiji 23 ji ^jj^jll ljujj l^Jj^u jlll AxjlAll _lalalaVlJ jJljijull Jlaj*Vl ljujj jiJ 'Axljxlll988 'Ajjj je ijljà fl Ajjjall Aj.Jj*llli 'ja|jll ^jall fl^j je jlàlll ¿ijll Pljj ùjlS jj^j ji Jàjj l^l 'juljull fl^àïll JàlJ __alxjl A^aljxl Ajxla _ljlji je ûjl^ Jj

. j^ljaxjjll plijll jj.j*ll Ajàlix _luujx pl^ jx l x j] 'Aljjaxll ^jlalll ¿x ljujj _li^à JAluli 'jjiiaVl jjiill jLà jx Ijujjj jjljall jx JS jjl^^ .6 jui* jjljall jij 'AaL'xll ji Ajujjll _lSjalll Ajiljx jle Plaj^l AxjIj ¿A ^ AijjS IjjljSl

A^là AjixVl _|jjj^lll Aajj^S Ajlàljll l^jjju ji Jàjlll l^^àjj — A1j1*1I Ijl^all l^Jjjl^

.jljall jljlj jx

_luljjll .(Ijujjj ¿iaîxii jjull pjall) (2021-1991) A-l jjll i-JjljxSul jle ¿liall jlAj j _lxj'vl Ajal Jx :ljujj -Jjljall .(2022) .1 .f jljxalj jUljjà

^^ ^^ ' W 'AjuljjVl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

Jball j A^lâ tJljall Jâb Ajll^ijVI ^¡lejill Ajajàll jLVl .7 -a^3 ju£j tjjjjjljal! jjj Aijilll <jiâj Aljjll siaj -¿Ual t "Kabyle"jj'jall jiau j ^ûle jll Ajj^a*ll JaljAll t â\Jà ^ j ^jjlb O^jl! OP Aeli^ ^jJl t^jjlja-ll

. Jjljall i^ja

ûl?j i^l -jlijj tJjoil Ajkljll jjj^ll j JâjJll ^ i^i^j Ajjjlja.ll A^jll 'uAu .8

Àjljjll ^jall ^ijàAj ijujj ¿a jal*j11j l^l ^a^ ia jaj tj^jjll ' *a.;ia Ji j ^i*jj' jll jjiuaii ¿a ajiss ji "Abdelmadjid Tebboune" jji' Jail jje ^jjjll aJ^i 1a ¿ij t-lUll ji <*um1j Aajau jj£j jll tU^jj ¿a jjljall :ji 2020 19 fjj. Ail^^ll

^jâl AlajX jaj jAjj tAjjjajll ^^laaii ji AjluJllj j^ljull -AliJll -a^ t^aa ÀajJ^

aj£jjavi SjaiAll ^ijvjîi tlJUJJ" :Aljaj 2021 10 ji t "...^la^*ll jjj*Jl

jj^ ¿a Ajajj'ljl^il ^ili^ej tJjjll ¿a ajjj ^ili^e ljl tljl ÀajJ^ Jj^ jj^llj

[11] "^J^i

i^ïaj tAjAllxll ^jSll ¿a ^ili^àjl jjla-Jj lgj ^LAuj' Ajjl^cljj Aejj ¿jjj ljujj .9

.l^jiftl ¿a AjjlaJjl jJl— pill ¿a ^.Vjll

^ja t^il&laj'VI ¿¿a? ji ¿jjull ^jaJllj SjSlI ^ia^aj -ujj ¿¿"j ^ijjjll fl^j .10 jluA jjèj ljjlj^jl oa l^ejjj fjâll '¿jjj? Aju -^j tjjj^ll jjjJll ¿a ijujj ^li^e jlj

Ql uj^ij ^laJl ji j^*ll tlj^jll ^jaJl Qlijll ^iaj^ja Qljj tljjju ji ^ijaJl

t^jjjii ¿a Jlajl ia£ t4jSjjAVI '¿JaJAll ^iljVjil Aijia jj^ ¿a ajjlia Aaiul ai^ fjjj jl

.ljajjil ji Jjiill Ql uj^ij ^jjjll tj^jjll fl^jjll ^l^ ^l^l Jal J^^j fl^j aais] . 11

tjlàjull ^là'VI jlj^j] v'àe l^ ^^j^jllj tAj^la'^I ijujj '^l a' jie Pliait OA ûJajA ajuijuj ajjjjuj AiJ£ jjisaji ji t^ljeVlj ^lilaoll Qjj''j OW J^ ji A^lâ ji A^lâ tl ¿jAj ajjjji û^iju oJaj ajia^i ajuiui joaj )aujuj ji

fl^j ûjjj^ ¿a tAjajlâ ^ij^i A U^ljj Aj.j^?ll ^li^JâVI ajjàj J^

j Ajjiill ( AjAji5VI A^lâ ajjijvi ^ljj^il ¿UJi ^Ua^^ J^â ajji^vi JA^Jl

.ajjjji ûJaj ¿a fP^JJ l^ ^ij l^Jjl^aJ^I -JcJ''j )AjVjll jij Ojjijll lAJ^^ jJll ^iajvi ji ^Ja ijujjj jj|j?ll ojj J^lall ^jlaJil j^jllii ^jJà a ji jjl^jll A^bjje ^ilj'' ûJelâ J^^j. lû^S tAJjjll Je ¿liaJl ^lulju

a^ujaji oa jja'' jJjjll ^jjuaji jie AHii ûjâ Jjl ' ji jjjiill ¿j^a oa ¿ijllj a ^ll

.ljajjil Ajlè jJj jjj^all 'jjull ¿a ^iljJll ajuijjvi

Ùl^ljjll .(ljujjj ¿1»Ja1| jjlill pjall) (2021-1991) A-ljjll A-JjIjaJ^I jic Uiall jlAj J ùIajVI A^alja :Uujj -Jjljall .(2022) .I .f jJjAall t.Q j^ljji

^>-oo ^^ ^^ t ^V tA^ljjVl Ajjj^ll ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

I. Бельхамити М. Э. М. Алжир: Хирак — массовое мирное движение. // Арабистика Евразии. 2019. №7. С. 102—116.

(2021 —1991) A-ljj1I A_jlJxlu| jle ¿liall jlAj J _UjVl A^lJx :ljuJj —jljall .2 ' Ajlljjjill jljli A*xla ' 14 Jj*ll ' Aj.JjuVl —JjJVl AjJjA]| _lu|jjll: Ajxle Alax (JjVl pjall)

.101—57 ' 2021 ' jujjll jlaJVl

3. Sinyakov D. Putin: Soviet collapse a genuine tragedy. URL: https://www. nbcnews.com Дата обращения: 27 ноября 2021.

4. Zwich P. New Thinking and New Foreingn Policy Under Gorbachev. URL: https://www.Cambridge.org Дата обращения: 24 июля 2021.

5. Malfliet K. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation. // Revue d'etudes comparatives Est-oust. 2011. №42. С. 37—63. URL: https://www.cairn.info Дата обращения: 27 ноября 2021.

6. Klimkin P., Ivanov Andreas V. Putin's new constitution spells out modern Russia's imperial ambitions. URL: tps://atlanticcouncil.org Дата обращения: 27 ноября 2021.

7. Aksenova M. Anchugov and Gladkov is not enforceable: The Russia constitution court opines in its first ECtHR Implementation case. URL: ttps://opiniojuris.org Дата обращения: 27 ноября 2021.

8. Kendall A., Shullan D., Shullan T. Navigating the Deeping Russia China Partnership. URL: https://www.cnas.org Дата обращения: 14 ноября 2021.

Ijajjà] jjxlj* Ajajjljlul jaj :AaIj]I _lxjVl ^ ji j-ujjll —^Jjljall jjl*lll .9 Auljull :baj.jà] — ljujj jjlJll jljjll jxl*ll ^jlixll. Ijajji] — ljujj ^jljll — ^jljll ^ixjjvi

. ljujj jliujlij / jljli '2021 JjJiSl 22 ' AilaJll J ¿JjlillJ jl^iaVlJ —JjJVl AjJj*]| _lu|jjll :Ajxle Alax Ajujj]| Ajaj.Jàyi _li^*]l Ajxjj*j JjljalljljU .10

.83—114 ^ '2021 ' jujjll jlaJVl ' Ajlljjjill jljli A*xla 'N 13 ' AjjuVl

II. Presidency of the Algeria Republic, https://www.el-mouradia.dz.

References

1. Belhamiti M. E. M. Alzhir: Hirak — massovoе mirnoe dvizhenie [Algeria: the massive peaceful movement of Hirak]. Eurasian Arabic Studies. 2019;(7):102—116. (In Russ).

_luljjll .(UujjJ ¿klxjl jjlJll pjall) (2021-1991) A-l jjll A-Jjljxlul jle ¿liall jlAj j _lxjVl Ajal jx :ljujj -Jjljall .(2022) .1 .f jljxalj '.£ jUljjà

I.-00 ^^ ^^ ' w 'AjuljjVl aj-jj^i ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

2. Kherbachi A., Belhamiti M. E. M. Aljazayir - Rusia: muajahat al'azamat w rihan alhifaz ealaa aistimraria [Algeria and Russia: confronting crises and maintaining the government integrity between 1991 and 2021]. Eurasian Arabic Studies. 2021;(14):57-101. (In Arab).

3. Sinyakov D. Putin: Soviet collapse a genuine tragedy. URL: https://www. nbcnews.com [Accessed: 27 November 2021].

4. Zwich P. New Thinking and New Foreingn Policy Under Gorbachev. URL: https://www.Cambridge.org [Accessed: 24 July 2021].

5. Malfliet K. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Revue d'etudes comparatives Est-oust. 2011;(42):37-63. URL: https://www.cairn.info [Accessed: 27 November 2021].

6. Klimkin P., Ivanov Andreas V. Putin's new constitution spells out modern Russia's imperial ambitions. URL: tps://atlanticcouncil.org [Accessed: 22 November 2021].

7. Aksenova M. Anchugov and Gladkov is not enforceable: The Russia constitution court opines in its first ECtHR Implementation case. URL: ttps://opiniojuris.org [Accessed: 22 November 2021].

8. Kendall A., Shullan D., Shullan T. Navigating the Deeping Russia China Partnership. URL: https://www.cnas.org [Accessed: 14 November 2021].

9. Kherbachi A., Belhamiti M. E. M. Alzhirsko-rossijskoe sotrudnichestvo vo vremya sovremenny'x krizisov orientirovano na strategiyu bezopasnosti afrikanskoj zony, s tsel'yu integratsii Rossii v Afrike, po principu besproigryshnosti [Algerian-Russian cooperation during modern crises is focused on the security strategy of the African zone, with the aim of integrating Russia in Africa, on the principle of win-win]. II Mezhdunarodnyj Nauchnyj Forum "Rossiya-Afrika: Politika Ekonomika, Istoriya i Kul'tura" [II International Scientific Forum "Russia-Africa: Politics, Economy, History and Culture"], (In Arab).

10. Kherbachi A., Belhamiti M. E. M. Aistiqrar aljazayir w tanmiat alealaqat alruwsiat - alafriqia [Stability of Algeria and Development of Russian-African relations]. Eurasian Arabic studies. 2021;(13):83-114. (In Arab).

11. Presidency of the Algeria Republic, https://www.el-mouradia.dz.

^Uljjll .(Uujjj ¿ltSxll jjtfll ejall) (2021-1991) A-l jjll A-ijIjxjul jle iliall jUj j ^IxjVl Ajal jx :Ijujj -jJIjall .(2022) .l .f '.£ jAjä

^^ ^^ ' W 'AjuIjjVI AJjjJl ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

Information about the authors Kherbachi Akila - Professor of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences of University of Mohammed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9748, e-mail: [email protected]

Информация об авторах Хербаши Акила - профессор конституционного права факультета права и политических наук университета Мухаммеда Бодиафа, Мсила, Алжир; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-9748, e-mail:

akilakherbachi@yahoo. com

Belhamiti Mohammed El Miloud - Бельхамити Мохаммед Эль

Ph.D. in philology, researcher at the Милуд - кандидат филологических Institute of International Relations of наук, исследователь в Институте Kazan (Volga Region) Federal международных отношений

University, certified expert in languages Казанского (Приволжского)

at the Douai Court of Appeal in France, Федерального университета,

Es-Senia, Algeria; сертифицированный эксперт по

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-2977, языкам в Апелляционном суде Дуэ во e-mail: [email protected] Франции, Эс-Сения, Алжир;

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-2977, e-mail: [email protected]

.Y.YY jjji и j jjjs1i iY.YY jjljj п j ^l ^j 'Y.n о j ^j

The article was submitted 05.12.2021; approved after reviewing 31.01.2022; accepted for publication 19.02.2022.

Статья поступила в редакцию 05.12.2021; одобрена после рецензирования 31.01.2022; принята к публикации 19.02.2022.

.^iil>^ixil Ujl^j fljxjj je M^l^ цЦ. jc i a,fr<tj

Conflicts of Interest Disclosure: The author declares Conflicts of Interest Disclosure. Раскрытие информации о конфликте интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

üUljJl .(UUJJJ ¿kLJl jjiai »jaJl) (2021-1991) Âjjjil Âjjlj^l jlc iltoJl jlAj j üUjVl Â^ljx -jäl>Jl .(2022) . .¡. ^ЬхаЬ

^>-oo ^^ ^^ t W tA^ljjVl ÂJJJ*]I ISSN 2619-1261 (Print)

i Надоели баннеры? Вы всегда можете отключить рекламу.