CC BY
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УДК 911.3:33
Norkuvatova G. I.
Associate professor Department of Economics and Information Technologies at the Navoi University of Innovations
ZONING OF TERRITORIES OF NAVOI REGION ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION
Abstract. This article focuses on the importance, development and unique features of Navoi region regionalization according to economic specialization. It helps to reveal and develop all specializations in the territory of the Navoi region.
Keywords. industry, analysis, mineral resources, demographic power.
Although the formation and development of industry in the Navoi region does not go back to a long history, the industry of the region has its historical development stage. Before proceeding to the analysis of the development of the light industry (in the example of the Navoi region), which is the object of our research, we believe that it would be appropriate to dwell on the specific characteristics of the region.
Navoi region, located in the central and northern part of Uzbekistan, was formed in 1982 from the lands of Bukhara region and partially Samarkand region. The province was abolished as an administrative unit in 1988 and was revived in early 1992. Structurally, it consists of 8 rural districts, including Navbakhor, Konimekh, Karmana, Tamdi, Uchkuduk, Khatirchi, Kyziltepa and 7 cities: Navoi, Zarafshan, Karmana, Nurota, Uchkuduk, Kyziltepa, Gazgan and 577 rural settlements.
The territory of the Navoi region is 1/4 of the territory of the Republic, 111.1 thousand square kilometres. has an area and is equal to 24.8% of the territory of the Republic. The area of Uchkuduk (46.63 thousand sq. km) and Tamdi (42.49 thousand sq. km) districts is very large in the region. Such a location indicates that the area does not have favourable conditions for agriculture and population settlement. 91.5 per cent of the total land area is pastures and hayfields, 1 per cent is cropland, 0.4 per cent is perennial trees, and 7.1 per cent is non-agricultural land.
According to the data, the Navoi region differs sharply from other regions of the republic with its orographic features. The small remnant mountains in the region are rich in various fossil reserves. These mineral resources play a key role in the formation of the region's economy, development of its production and export potential.
It is worth noting that the climate of the region does not create favourable conditions for the development of agriculture, especially the farming sector. However, the Navoi region is mainly based on desert-pasture animal husbandry and cattle breeding.
The demographic potential of the province is not very big. As of January 1, 2022, the population was 1,013,800, making up 3.0% of the population of the Republic. In terms of democratic potential, it is ahead of the Syrdarya region. The population increased by 23.5 percent in 2000-2020 due to natural growth.
The population of the Navoi region is very unevenly distributed in the interior regions. 14.5% live in Navoi city, 20.0% in Khatirchi district, 15.2% in Kyziltepa, 12.6% in Karmana, 11.3% in Navbakhor, and more than 9.3% in Nurota district. The region's share of the employed in the national economy is 3.0 per cent and ranks last in the country in terms of number. The main part of the employed population, 27.4 per cent, works in industry and 20.6 per cent in agriculture.
4.2 per cent of the existing economic entities in the republic are located in the region, and as of January 1, 2021, there are 21,321. This indicator is 17.6 per 1000 people. 96.1 per cent of all enterprises and organizations in the region belong to the non-state sector of the economy. 24.0 per cent of enterprises are located in Navoi city, and the main part is also located in Karmana, Kyziltepa and Khatirchi districts.
The macro-economic indicators of the region analyzed in the research process, including the gross regional product (GDP), industrial, agricultural and investment indicators per capita, changes compared to the previous period and higher than the national indicators, mean that the economic potential of the Navoi region is much higher. It can be observed that the Navoi region has a significant contribution to the dynamics of industrial product production and growth in the cross-section of regions (the growth rate of industrial product production in 2020 compared to 2015 was 517.9 per cent).
To fully clarify the regional economy and the possibilities of developing light industry in it, it is observed that there is a need for deep analysis and further improvement of the specialization of industrial and agricultural sectors. Therefore, we believe that it is appropriate to study the territory of the region into two small economic regions and analyze the opportunities based on the statistical data and research conducted in them.
When dividing into small economic regions, we took into account the integrity of the regional territory, its location, the specialization of the economy, the existence of regional centres, natural climate, conditions, natural resources, demographic situation, the state of labour resources, and the historical development of the place. The scientific and practical importance of economic regions is first of all reflected in the organization of their administrative-territorial division and implementation of regional policy.
So, based on our analysis, the region:
- southern small economic region and includes the cities of Navoi, Karmana, Kyziltepa, Navbakhor, Nurota and Khatirchi districts;
- it is appropriate to include the three large districts of Konimekh, Tamdi and Uchkuduk, which occupy desert areas, into the northern small economic region.
Despite its relatively small size, the Southern Small Economic Region exhibits a high degree of regional production concentration. This region is responsible for producing 89.6% of its agricultural output, reflecting its significant
role in the sector. Conversely, the Northern Small Economic Region spans a vast area of approximately 88.6 thousand square kilometers. While its population density is low, the region is characterized by its developed livestock industry, which defines its economic specialization.
An analysis of the territorial structure of industrial production within the Navoi region reveals stark disparities across its districts. The city of Navoi dominates industrial output, accounting for an impressive 84.5% of the total. Following this, Karmana district contributes 10.7%, while Kyziltepa district adds a modest 1.7%. The remaining districts have minimal contributions to industrial output, highlighting a concentrated industrial development pattern within the region.
Agriculture and livestock breeding are key economic activities in specific districts of the Navoi region. Konimekh, Nurota, Uchkuduk, and Tamdi districts specialize in livestock breeding, capitalizing on their expansive pastures and suitable climatic conditions. On the other hand, districts such as Karmana, Navbakhor, Nurota, and Khatirchi stand out for their agricultural potential. These districts not only excel in cultivating a variety of crops but also hold significant opportunities for the processing of agricultural products, which adds value to the local economy.
The stark contrasts in economic activities across the Navoi region reflect its diverse geographical and resource endowments. The city of Navoi serves as the industrial hub, benefiting from concentrated investments and infrastructure that drive its dominance in output. Meanwhile, rural districts focus on primary production activities, including agriculture and livestock breeding, which align with their natural advantages.
This territorial specialization underscores the need for tailored regional development strategies that leverage the unique strengths of each district. Enhancing infrastructure, promoting agricultural processing, and supporting the livestock industry could foster balanced economic growth. Additionally, integrating these rural areas into broader value chains may enhance their contributions to the region's overall economy. Such targeted interventions would help unlock the untapped potential of less developed districts while sustaining the industrial stronghold of the city of Navoi.
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