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Oblakulov Kh.A.
Associate Professor of the Department of Geography and Basics of Economic Knowledge
Navoi State University Kuzieva M.Sh.
Master's student
NATURAL AND MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION
OF NAVOY REGION
Annotatsiya: Birth, death, mechanical movement of the population are the processes that determine the demographic situation and development of the population of the regions. This article analyzes the birth, death, mechanical movement and demographic situation of the population of Navoi region.
Keywords: Population birth, death, mechanical movement, age and sex composition.
Social protection of the population of the regions depends primarily on its demographic status, reconstruction and migration. Because this issue is related not only to the number of the population, but also to its age and sex composition. In particular, the growth of the number of children will be high in regions with high birth rates. In such cases, social protection of the population is primarily focused on children and mothers with children. If the birth rate and natural increase of the population are not high, the process of "aging" of the population will occur. According to Polish demographer E. Rosset% the level of "old age" of the population of a certain country or region is determined by the share of pensioners in it (the minimum figure is 12%). Therefore, there are more elderly people in the considered areas, and therefore, they require social protection. This problem is solved within the social policy of the country.
Navoi region is considered one of the regions that require a full scientific study of demographic processes, which, in turn, as we explained above, differs sharply from other regions of Uzbekistan in terms of a number of indicators.
It is worth saying that the rate of natural increase of the population is high among the rural population, but it also differs in the regional districts. For example, natural increase per 1000 people in 2023 will be 18.5 per thousand in Kyziltepa district, 19.1 in Navbahor district, 20.3 in Nurota district, 22.2 in Khatirchi district, 12.5 in Tomdi district (Figure 1).
27,4
Figure 1. Changes in the general coefficient of natural reproduction of the population of Navoi region (per mille)
Another aspect of existing differences in the rate of natural reproduction between districts is the national and age composition of their population, differences in the socio-economic situation at the district level. Also, the characteristics of the demographic development of rural areas depend on their historical formation, the structure and specialization of the branches of the economy.
If we compare the territorial differences in the rate of natural reproduction of the population of Navoi region with the average indicator of the region, it is appropriate to study it by dividing it into the following groups:
1. Districts with a high rate of natural reproduction: Navoi and Zarafshan, Nurota, Uchkuduq, Khatirchi, Karmana (20.3% -27.4);
2. Districts with an average indicator: Konimekh, Kyziltepa, Navbahor, Karmana districts and (15.0-20.0%);
3. Tomdi district, where the indicator is lower than average (12.4-15.0%).
The birth rate in districts with a high natural rate of Navoi region is slightly
different from others, they are distinguished by the level of economic development, specialization, industrialization, and the level of providing cultural and household services to the population is somewhat lower [2].
The birth rate in 2023 according to the total birth rate in the regions of the region is 19.2%o in Ghazgon, 19.3%o in Konimekh, 16.4%o in Tomdi, and 23.9%o in Zarafshan. average, a higher than average level was observed in Uchkuduq 24%o district [4]. Similar indicators were observed in Qiziltepa and Navbahor districts of 22.2%o and average birth rate of 23%o, Karmana 25.8%o, Nurota 24.7%o and Khatirchi 25.7%o districts and Navoi 25, 4%o has a higher than average birth rate (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Birth rates of Navoi region, per thousand
As can be seen from the above, the birth rate in the cities of the region is lower than in the villages. The well-known Uzbek demographer M. Borieva writes that "the difference in the birth rate of the urban and rural population in Uzbekistan depends primarily on the ethnic composition of the population" [1]. Therefore, the difference in the number of births in urban and rural settlements of the Navoi region is evident in the ethnic structure of the population, the index by age groups, and the employment of women in social production and the level of education [3].
Another leading factor of the demographic situation is the death of the population. Socio-economic conditions have a decisive influence on all processes of population regeneration, including death. This is closely related to the level of material and spiritual development of the population, lifestyle, health and the role of medical services provided to them.
It is known that in the early 1990s, the death rate of the population in the republic was relatively high, reaching 6.2-6.3 people in 1991-95, but it decreased significantly in the following years. In particular, the average death rate in our country in 2022 is equal to 5 per thousand, the highest rate of which is observed in the city of Tashkent and the lowest rate in the Kashkadarya region.
The total death rate of the population in the region varies in different years, and it differs significantly between cities and villages. At the same time, there are clear differences between districts in this regard. For example, in Chunonchi, Uchquduq, Kyziltepa, Navbahor, Khatirchi, and Tomdi districts, the death rate corresponds to 3.3-4 per thousand, while in Konimekh, Nurota, Karmana districts,
this rate is slightly higher, it is 4.5 is equal to -4.7 per thousand (Figure 3).
Figure 3 Death rates of Navoi region, per thousand
The amount of infant mortality in the process of death of the population of Navoi region requires a separate study. After all, it should not be forgotten that the increase in the number of babies and the death rate among them leads to an increase in the death rate in the general population.
In 2020, among the total number of deaths, the number of deaths of children under one year of age was 9.5 per thousand births. By developing motherhood and childhood protection work in the province, increasing attention to their health, the reduction of child mortality was achieved.
The main cause of children's death is mainly infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory tract and lung colds, low hemoglobin in the blood, and malnutrition. Observations show that the majority of deaths of children under one year of age occur in urban areas. For example, in 2022, 32 percent of infant deaths occurred in rural areas, and 68 percent occurred in urban areas.
Child mortality is high in the cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Navbahor, Tomdi, and Konimekh districts. Despite this, in recent years there have been very alarming situations in the population of the city as a result of the deterioration of the ecological situation. Mortality among children continues to increase due to anemia, acute kidney failure, and various chronic diseases in women of childbearing age.
If we compare the general indicator of population death with the data of 20 years ago, we can see that it has decreased to a certain extent. This situation is explained by the changes in some demographic processes among the population, as well as the increase in the level of medical literacy.
List of used literature
1. Boriyeva M.R., Yoldosheva M.A. Demographic problems, study guide. Tashkent, 2003-56 p
2. Kalonov B.H., Mukhammedova N.J., Buranov Yo.R. Peculiarities of the demographic indicators of the Navoi region// Information of the Geographical Society of Uzbekistan, volume 46. Tashkent, 2015.-85-87.
3. Oblakulov H.A. Lifestyle of the population of Navoi region and its socioeconomic geographical features. - Horoscope. science. doc. diss-T.: UzMU, 2021. - 120 p.
4. Soliev A.S. Economic and social geography of Uzbekistan. -T., 2014. - 360 p.
