CC BY
14
Qayimov Fazliddin Samiyevich, Maji dovKahramonHa limovich, Professor, Bukhara Engineering-Technological Institute
E-mail: [email protected]
USING THE METHODS OF PULSE ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF EXTRACTION OF COTTON OILCAKE
Abstract. The influence of the intensity of a pulsed electric field on the extractability of cotton cake is studied. Experimental studies have established that the process of extraction of the extracted material depends on the frequency and parameters of the extraction process using a pulsed electric field. To improve the technological processes of oil extraction and ensure the reduction of material and technological costs.
Keywords: cotton cake, pulse electric field, electrical conductivity, solvent temperature, field intensity.
The technology of extraction of oily substances is a necessary stage of production ofoil in the processing of various oilseeds [1; 2]. Cottonseeds are characterized by a peculiar quality and physical-chemical characteristics [3]. Extraction of oil from cottonseeds is carried out in two main stages: pre-pressing and extraction [4]. Duringprepressing of cottonseedjam in the resulting cake there remains 8-13% of vegetable oil, which must be extracted by the extraction method. Existing methods of cotton cake extraction are associated with certain difficulties and disadvantages. Therefore, recently considerable attention has been paid to the use of methods for the electric-physical treatment of oil-containing raw materials of the extracted reaction mass or the solvent used [5].
In order to intensify the technological processes of extraction of cotton cakes, the technology of extraction of oil-containing raw materials using pulsed electric field methodswas researched in the work.
Experimental studies were carried out using cotton cakes obtained in the prepressing shop of Kogon-Yog Extract JSC. To create a pulsed electric field, an installation (Fig. 1) mounted in the experimental laboratory of the enterprise was used.
Experimental studies were carried out at the following technological modes and ranges of electrical parameters of a pulsed electric current:
- electric field strength -1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 kW/cm;
- pulsefollow rate -0.5, 1.5, 5, 10 and15 Hz;
- solvent content -10, 20, 30, 40 and50 mass%;
- time ofprocessing -10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 sec;
- pulseduration-10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 sec. Studies have established the dependence of the
electrical conductivity of crushed cottonseeds at a frequency of 100 Hz on the value of the inverse temperature in the range from 25 to 60 °C. The data obtained are presented in (Table 1).
Table 1.- Dependence of specific conductivity on inverse temperature (K-1)
Specific conductivity, Inverse temperature,
cm/m 10-4 1/T 102, K-1
0 0
1 0.335
2 0.320
3 0.315
4 0.313
5 0.309
6 0.305
7 0.301
8 0.300
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental equipment of processing with pulsed electric field
Similar dependences ofvalue of the electrical conductivity were obtained for samples with a 40% mass content of solvent (extraction gasoline) (Fig. 1).
Table 2.- The dependence of specific conductivity on the mass ratio of solvent
Mass content of the solvent,% Specific electrical conductivity, Cm/m.10-4
0 0
10 0,4
20 6
30 13
40 20
50 25
60 27
Based on mathematical processing and planning of experimental results by the known method [5], the maximum yield of extractive substances for 48.2% was established.
To determine the effect of electrical parameters on the yield of extractive substances the following equation was used [5]:
Studies have obtained data on the dependence of the specific electrical conductivity of the material on the mass content of the solvent (Table 2), which is in the range from 4 to 28 mkCm/M, which made it possible to determine the necessary energy loads and strength parameters at processing by a pulsed electric field.
Figure 2. The dependence of the specific conductivity on the inverse temperature (solvent content is 40%)
a) Strength, kW/cm
b) Frequency, Hz
c) Solvent content, mass.%
d) Time of processing, sec
e) Duration of impulse, microsec
Figure 3. Effect of field strength (a), processing frequency (b), solvent content (c), processing time (g) and pulse duration (e) on the yield of extractives
K =
1
c 0 Cm
1 + where:
K - yield of extractive substances;
£exp(-M2nDt /R2) (1)
c, c , cn - extractant concentrations;
' m ' 0 '
P - frequency of a pulsed electric field; A ; D - diffusion coefficient;
n '
t - time;
The coefficients indicated in the equation are determined by the data shown in (Fig. 3).
Experimental studies have established that the process of extraction of the extracted material depends on the frequency and parameters of the extraction process using a pulsed electric field.
The proposed rational technical solution of the process of extraction of oil from cottonseed cake using processing with a pulsed electric field with electrical-physical effects at the stage of preparing the material for extraction allowed to improve the technological processes of oil extraction and to reduce material and technological costs.
References:
1. Kopeykovsky V. M. Technology of production ofvegetable oils.- M.: Food Industry, 1982.- 410 p.
2. Shcherbakov V. G. Technology of production ofvegetable oils.- M.: Kolos, 1992.- 207 p.
3. Ataullaev A. X., Sultanbekova D. M. and other. Technological properties of cottonseeds // Food industry, 1989.- No. 4.- P. 49-52.
4. Beloborodov V. V. The main processes of the production of vegetable oils.- M.: Food Industry, 1966.478 p.
5. Rogov I. A. Electrophysical methods of food processing.- M.: IN "Agropromizdat". 1988.- 272 p.
