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УДК 811.1
Altymuhammedova G.
teacher, Teacher's School named after Hydyr Deryayev,
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
TYPES OF COMPOSITE AND SEMI-COMPOSITE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND TURKMEN LANGUAGES
Аннотация
This article represents types of composite and semi-composite sentences in English and Turkmen languages. We gave examples and analysed. We have found similarities and differences in syntax. It will help for learners of English and Turkmen languages.
Ключевые слова
Composite sentences, semi-composite sentences, compound sentences in Turkmen and English languages, functions and clauses in the sentences.
There are three types of composite sentences in Modern English:
1. The compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses with no dependent one.
2. The complex sentence contains one dependent clause and one or more independent clauses. The latter usually tells something about the main clause and is used as a part of speech or as a part of sentence.
3. The semi-composite sentence combines the two previous types. The compound-complex sentences are those which have at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause in its structure: Blair found herself smiling at him and she took the letter he held out to her.
That there are three types of composite sentences in languages is contemporary approach to this issue. Historically not all the grammarians were unanimous in this respect. According to it H. Sweet there are structurally two types of sentences: simple and complex. "Two or more sentences may be joined together to form a single complex sentence ... In every complex there is one independent clause, called the principal clause together with at least one dependent clause, which stands in the relation of adjunct to the principal clause. The dependent clause may be either coordinate or subordinate".
Examples: Principal clause
1.You shall walk, and I will ride.
Coordinate clause Co-complex
Principal clause
2. You are the man I want.
Subordinate clause Sub-complex
As one can see in H. Sweets conception there's no place for compound sentences since even so-called "cocomplex" there's subordination.
Composite Sentence The composite sentence is formed by two or more predicative lines, i.e. it consists of two or more clauses.
Composite sentences display two principal types of construction: subordinative and coordinative. Compound Sentence
The compound sentence is a composite sentence built on the principle of coordination. Coordination can be expressed either syndetically or asyndetically.
A compound sentence consists of two or more clauses of equal rank which form one syntactical whole in meaning and intonation.
Complex Sentence
Linguists explain the complex sentences as units of unequal rank, one being categorically dominated by the other.
The complex sentence is a polypredicative construction built up on the principle of subordination. The complex sentence of minimal composition includes two clauses — a principal one and a subordinate one. Semi-Composite Sentence
The semi-composite sentence is to be defined as a sentence with more than one predicative lines which are expressed in fusion. One of these lines can be identified as the leading or dominant, the others making the semi-predicative expansion of the sentence. The semi-composite sentence displays an intermediary syntactic character between the composite sentence and the simple sentence.
There are two different causes of the existence of the semi-composite sentence in language, each of them being essentially important in itself. The first cause is the tendency of speech to be economical.
The semi-compound sentence is a semi-composite sentence built up on the principle of coordination. The structure of the semi-compound sentence is derivationally to be traced back to minimum two base sentences having an identical element belonging to one or both of their principal syntactic positions, i.e. either the subject, or the predicate, or both.
The semi-complex sentence is a semi-composite sentence built up on the principle of subordination. The semi-complex sentences fall into a number of subtypes. Their basic division is dependent on the character of predicative fusion: this may be effected either by the process of position-sharing (word-sharing), or by the process of direct linear expansion. Literature:
1. N.Nartyyev " Syntax of Modern Turkmen language"
2. N. Shammayeva "Lexicology"
3. A. Pigamov " Theoretical grammar of English language"
© Altymuhammedova G., 2024
УДК 8
Ataniyazova K.,
senior lecturer, Magtymguly Turkmen State University.
Halnazarov M., student,
Magtymguly Turkmen State University.
Ashgabat Turkmenistan.
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