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1НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ
НАУКА И МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЕ
УДК-663.94 "
TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING ORGANOBENTONITE Altyyev Atamyrat
Supervisor: Head of Applied Chemistry department of Oguz han Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Rozyyeva Merjen
Lecturer of Applied Chemistry department of Oguz han Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Geldimyradova Akmaral
Student of Oguz han Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
Abstract: Textile industry wastewater is a significant environmental challenge due to its high levels of contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, and other organic compounds. Conventional treatment methods often struggle to efficiently address the complex nature of this wastewater. This article explores the use of organobentonite, a modified form of bentonite clay, for the effective treatment of textile wastewater. Organobentonite exhibits enhanced adsorption properties due to surface modification, offering a promising solution to address the pollution caused by textile industries. The potential for regeneration and reusability makes organobentonite an economically viable and sustainable approach to industrial wastewater treatment.
1. Introduction The textile industry is one of the largest global polluters, particularly due to its wastewater discharges. These effluents often contain high concentrations of dyes, chemicals, and heavy metals, which pose significant threats to the environment and human health. Traditional treatment methods, such as chemical coagulation, biological treatment, and oxidation, are often ineffective in handling the complex and highly variable composition of textile wastewater.
To address these challenges, there has been growing interest in the use of adsorption as a means of removing contaminants from wastewater. Among various adsorbents, bentonite—a naturally occurring clay mineral—has shown promise due to its high surface area, cation-exchange capacity, and low cost. However, its hydrophilic nature limits its ability to adsorb organic pollutants, such as synthetic dyes. To overcome this limitation, bentonite can be modified with organic molecules to produce organobentonite, a material with enhanced adsorption capacity for both organic and inorganic pollutants.
2. Preparation of Organobentonite Organobentonite is prepared by modifying the surface of natural bentonite with organic compounds. The modification process involves treating bentonite with surfactants or quaternary ammonium salts, which replace some of the exchangeable cations on the clay's surface and introduce hydrophobic properties. This makes organobentonite more effective at adsorbing organic pollutants, particularly those found in textile wastewater.
The preparation steps generally include:
• Selection of Bentonite: High-quality bentonite is selected based on its mineral composition, surface area, and ion-exchange properties.
• Modification: Bentonites are treated with organic surfactants or cationic compounds, which increase their surface area and hydrophobicity.
• Characterization: Techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the structure, surface modifications, and morphology of organobentonite.
The organic compounds commonly used for modification include cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), and other quaternary ammonium salts. These modifications significantly improve the adsorbent's ability to interact with organic contaminants in wastewater.
3. Adsorption Process Once prepared, organobentonite is introduced into textile wastewater for the adsorption of pollutants. The main contaminants in textile effluents include reactive dyes, acid dyes, heavy metals (such as chromium, copper, and lead), and other hazardous chemicals. The adsorption process involves the interaction of these pollutants with the modified surface of the organobentonite through electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces.
The key factors that influence the adsorption process are:
• Pollutant concentration: Higher concentrations of pollutants generally result in faster adsorption, but there is a saturation point beyond which the adsorbent can no longer remove contaminants effectively.
• pH of the wastewater: The pH affects both the surface charge of the adsorbent and the ionization of pollutants, which influences adsorption efficiency.
• Contact time: Longer contact times typically allow for more complete adsorption, though equilibrium is reached after a certain period.
• Temperature: The adsorption rate often increases with temperature, as it facilitates the diffusion of contaminants to the adsorbent surface.
Studies have shown that organobentonite can adsorb a wide range of pollutants from textile wastewater, with removal efficiencies exceeding 90% for many dyes and heavy metals.
4. Removal Efficiency Organobentonite is highly effective at removing pollutants from textile wastewater. Its high adsorption capacity makes it an ideal material for removing synthetic dyes, which are among the most challenging contaminants in textile effluents. In addition to dyes, organobentonite has also been shown to remove heavy metals such as chromium, copper, cadmium, and lead from wastewater.
The efficiency of pollutant removal is influenced by several factors:
• Type of pollutant: Organobentonite exhibits a strong affinity for both anionic and cationic pollutants, making it versatile for different types of textile effluents.
• Pollutant concentration: Higher concentrations of pollutants result in faster adsorption, though the adsorbent may reach saturation quickly.
• Modified surface properties: The extent of modification (degree of hydrophobicity) significantly affects the material's ability to adsorb organic pollutants.
Experimental results have demonstrated that organobentonite can remove over 90% of the contaminants in textile wastewater, making it a highly efficient treatment option.
5. Regeneration and Reusability An important advantage of organobentonite is its ability to be regenerated and reused. After the adsorption process, organobentonite can be treated with solvents such as ethanol or hydrochloric acid to desorb the adsorbed contaminants. Alternatively, thermal regeneration can be used to restore the adsorbent's adsorption capacity. This process not only reduces the cost of treatment but also minimizes the environmental impact by preventing the accumulation of spent adsorbent material.
Studies have shown that organobentonite can be reused for multiple cycles without significant loss in adsorption efficiency, making it an economically sustainable option for large-scale textile wastewater treatment.
6. Advantages of Organobentonite in Textile Wastewater Treatment The use of
organobentonite offers several advantages over conventional methods:
• High adsorption capacity: Organobentonite can effectively remove a wide range of contaminants, including both organic and inorganic pollutants.
• Cost-effectiveness: Bentonites are inexpensive and readily available, making organobentonite a low-cost solution for wastewater treatment.
• Environmental sustainability: The use of a natural material like bentonite reduces the environmental impact compared to synthetic adsorbents.
• Regenerability: Organobentonite can be regenerated and reused, reducing the need for continuous replacement of adsorbent material.
• Scalability: The process can be scaled up for large-scale industrial applications, offering a practical solution for textile effluent treatment.
7. Conclusion The treatment of textile wastewater using organobentonite presents a promising and environmentally friendly solution to the challenges posed by textile industry effluents. Organobentonite's enhanced adsorption properties make it highly effective at removing a broad range of pollutants, including dyes, heavy metals, and other organic contaminants. Its low cost, high efficiency, and potential for regeneration make it an attractive option for large-scale wastewater treatment applications.
Further research is needed to optimize the preparation methods and explore new regeneration techniques to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of organobentonite as a wastewater treatment material. The growing interest in sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment solutions further underscores the potential of organobentonite in tackling the global issue of textile wastewater pollution.
References:
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