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DOI - 10.32743/UniTech.2025.130.1.18998 THE INHERITANCE OF FIBER COMPOSITION IN Fi F2 F3 HYBRIDS
Nasim Khozhambergenov
DSc., Professor of the Agriculture department, Head of the department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agro technologies, Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: [email protected]
Dilmurod Rasulov
Associate Professor of the Agriculture department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies,
Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: [email protected]
Sunnatullo Turapov
Associate Professor of the Agriculture Department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies,
Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: turapovsunnatullo@,gmail.com
НАСЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЛОКНОВОГО СОСТАВА У ГИБРИДОВ F1 F2 F3
Хожамбергенов Насим Маменович
д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника,
Узбекистан, п. Салар
Расулов Дилмурод Ибодиллаев
доцент кафедры сельского хозяйства, Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника,
Узбекистан, п. Салар
Суннатулла Турапов Хайруллаевич
доцент кафедры сельского хозяйства, Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника,
Узбекистан, п. Салар
ABSTRACT
The article presents data on the combining ability and the nature of inheritance, variability of wood density in F1-F3 hybrids. It was revealed that this trait has a complex nature of inheritance. The main purpose of the article is to study the inheritance characteristics of wood density in F1, F2, and F3 hybrids, identify valuable donors, and optimize breeding methods for creating cotton varieties and forms that do not lodge during mechanized harvesting. At the end of our research, it was established that the range of variation in the density of the main stem of cotton varieties and hybrids is large, transgressions occur, and this trait is controlled by a small number of dominant and recessive genes.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье приведены данные о сочетательной способности и характере наследования, изменчивости плотности древесины у гибридов F1-F3. Выявлено, что данный признак имеет сложный характер наследования. Целью исследования является изучение особенностей наследования густоты древесины у гибридов F1, F2 и F3, выявление ценных доноров и оптимизация селекционных методов создания сортов и форм хлопчатника, не залегающих при механизированной уборке урожая. В конце наших исследований было установлено, что диапазон вариаций плотности главного стебля у сортов и гибридов хлопчатника большой, происходят трансгрессии, и этот признак контролируется небольшим количеством доминантных и рецессивных генов.
Библиографическое описание: Khozhambergenov N., Rasulov D., Turapov S. THE INHERITANCE OF FIBER COMPOSITION IN F1 F2 F3 HYBRIDS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2025. 1(130). URL: https://7uni-versum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/18998
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Keywords: harvest, wood density, vegetation, resistant plants.
Ключевые слова: урожай, плотность древесины, растительность, устойчивые растения.
Introduction
Due to global changes in natural and climatic conditions, breeders are faced with the need to introduce flexible, high-yielding, wilt-resistant, drought-resistant varieties of cotton with high yield and fiber quality, as well as early maturity and less energy-intensive cultivation technology (single harvest, reduction of one or two vegetation irrigations, minting, etc.) [1]. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create early-ripening varieties of cotton that have high productivity, resistance to water and climatic stress, as well as high yield and fiber quality that meet world standards. The introduction of such varieties allows reducing energy costs by 2025% and obtaining an early, high and high-quality harvest of raw cotton.
Method
Therefore, the study of the inheritance of physiological and biochemical indicators will help to identify valuable sources and optimize selection methods when creating non-lodged varieties and forms of cotton, which is relevant for mechanization of harvesting. The main goal of the work is to study the nature of the inheritance of wood density in Fi, F2 and F3 hybrids, identify valuable donors and optimize selection methods when creating non-lodged varieties and forms of cotton during mechanized harvesting. In our research, for the first time, a study of the general and specific combining ability in the polytester topcross system was conducted [2]. The main goal of the work was to study the inheritance of the wood density of the main stem and identify valuable donors and optimize selection methods when creating varieties and forms of cotton with high density and wood.
1. Study of the combining ability of the original varieties and forms of cotton in the polytester topcross system.
2. Study of the inheritance nature of the wood density of the main stem in Fi, F2 and F3 hybrids. For the first time, the density of the main stem in cotton varieties and hybrids was studied. A complex nature of the inheritance of the wood density of the main stem in F1, F2 and F3 hybrids was revealed. It was shown that the inheritance of the wood density of the main stem in F1, F2 and F3 hybrids is complex [3].
The main stem of all cotton species is cylindrical or irregularly rounded in cross-section, in the young growing top it is unclearly pentagonal, sometimes noticeably ribbed (trilobum). The thickness of the stem at the base reaches from 1-2 to 30 cm or more. The stem is mostly erect or slightly inclined, but sometimes strongly inclined and even worn, semi-creeping and creeping as in G.stocksii, in the form rupestre and others
[4]. Bowman write that the binding of auxin into conjugates and its release from them can have some significance for the regulation and development of the plant, presumably during the ripening and germination of seeds [5]. Abdurakhmonov IY, Buriev ZT, Saha S, et al. write that one of the analytical features characterizing the resistance of cotton to wilt is the state of the starch grains of the wood parenchyma, i.e., in resistant cotton plants, the starch grains of the cells (especially the cells of the vesicentric parenchyma) are almost not destroyed and are not subject to hydrolysis when affected by wilt, while in susceptible plants they are completely destroyed in almost all the cells of the parenchyma in the affected area and beyond [6]. Thus, the analysis of literary data shows that the wood density trait has been little studied, especially in relation to other physiological and biochemical indicators in cotton [7]. Therefore, the study of the inheritance of wood density in hybrids and its relationship with morphological and economic and physiological and biochemical traits, as well as the influence of natural growth regulators on plant development, are very relevant from a scientific point of view [8].
Result and discussion
The study of this issue will allow to create varieties and forms of cotton with high resistance to lodging, which will have high adaptive capacity for high yield, mineral and water nutrition, and also well adapted to mechanized cultivation and harvesting. The data of the dispersion analysis for wood density and the results for combining ability proved the significance of the differences between the studied varieties and F1 hybrids (Table 1), which allowed to proceed to the analysis of the OKS and SCS of the studied varieties and lines of cotton and their standard error. From the data in Table 2 it is evident that wood density is inherited as a complex trait, i.e. positive heterosis was observed in hybridization with similar indices of parental forms, while intermediate inheritance was observed in case of sharp differences in the trait. For example, intermediate inheritance was observed in 5 cases, while heterosis was observed in 10 combinations (Table 2). The data in Table 1 show that the best in terms of wood density were the lines L-302, variety S-6530, and L-1703, while L-75 and L-597 had looser wood. The highest OKS effects were observed in L-1858 and variety S-6530, L-302, while low indices were noted in L-158, L-257, and L-597. It should be noted that the correspondence between the absolute value of the trait and the effect of the OKS does not fully correspond, i.e. the L-1858 line is the best combiner for this trait. However, the density of its wood is not high, the L-302 line has a high wood density index, but ranks 3rd in the effects of the OKS (Table 1)
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Table 1.
Variability of main stem density in F2 hybrids
№ Varieties and hybrid combinations Class boundary, in F2, % X±Sx V,%
1,301,33 1,341,37 1,381,41 1,421,45 1,461,49 1,501,53 1,541,57 1,581,61 1,62-1,65 1,661,69 1,701,73
1 S-6530 14 16 26 5 4 1,57±0,06 8,8
2 L-302 8 14 22 13 5 1,60±00,5 7,8
3 L -597 12 14 18 9 7 1,49±0,07 9,3
4 L -158 14 12 20 10 4 1,55±0,06 10,5
5 L -75 12 14 21 9 4 1,47±0,06 9,2
6 L -1703 13 15 19 13 1,54±0,07 8,1
7 L -1858 14 13 20 8 5 1,50±0,06 9,6
8 L -257 12 13 25 5 5 1,49±0,06 9,6
9 L-158xS-6530 8 17 24 25 54 96 42 23 11 1,53±0,04 14,6
10 L -158 x L-302 5 10 13 37 62 80 67 17 9 5 1,55±0,03 12,4
11 L -158 x L -597 8 14 26 44 45 86 36 28 3 1,53±0,04 14,4
12 L -75 x S-6530 4 13 24 27 56 15 12 21 15 3 1,51±0,04 14,3
13 L -75 x L -302 2 12 13 34 61 70 57 29 14 8 1,51±0,03 12,8
14 L -75 x L -597 2 11 25 36 102 58 31 26 9 1,48±0,04 13,0
15 L -1703 x S-6530 7 17 18 31 53 83 42 33 16 1,55±0,04 14,0
16 L -1703 x L -302 8 17 25 37 40 60 56 28 24 3 1,56±0,04 13,8
17 L -1703 x L -597 4 14 23 31 39 97 47 48 29 16 1,51±0,04 14,2
18 L -1858 x S-6530 8 17 25 29 47 83 70 132 4 1,54±0,04 14,7
19 L -1858 x L -302 5 13 24 25 41 101 54 18 17 2 1,55±0,04 14,2
20 L -1858 x L -597 4 29 36 42 43 70 41 35 1,49±0,04 14,8
21 L -257 x S-6530 3 12 21 23 40 109 50 28 14 1,52±0,04 13,5
22 L -257 x L -302 5 14 23 30 37 72 58 43 20 8 1,53±0,04 13,9
23 L -257 x L -597 6 7 12 31 60 86 57 31 10 1,50±0,04 13,5
Table 2.
Variability of wood density of the main stem in F3 hybrids
№ Varieties and hybrid combinations Class boundary, % g/cm3 X±Sx V %
1,301,33 1,341,37 1,381,41 1,421,45 1,461,49 1,501,53 1,541,57 1,581,61 1,621,65 1,661,69 1,70-1,73
1 S-6530 2 10 16 23 9 1,58±0,06 9,2
2 L -302 3 7 20 22 8 1,62±0,06 9,8
3 L -597 8 13 23 14 2 1,51±0,06 9,9
4 L -158 9 13 19 14 5 1,56±0,07 9,2
5 L -75 14 14 17 12 3 1,46±0,06 9,5
6 L -1703 13 10 27 10 1,53±0,07 9,6
7 L -1858 9 17 21 13 1,51±0,07 8,2
8 L -257 4 7 31 15 3 1,48±0,05 7,0
9 L -158 x S-6530 4 9 25 28 41 86 58 36 3 1,55±0,04 12,5
10 L -158 x L -302 3 7 28 34 45 62 44 34 32 11 1,56±0,03 12,4
11 L -158 x L -597 14 13 30 90 199 52 12 1,54±0,08 10,5
12 L-75 x S-6530 2 10 18 45 79 90 31 19 6 1,49±0,03 12,2
13 L -75 x L -302 16 19 37 41 101 68 13 5 1,51±0,03 12,4
14 L -75 x L -597 9 16 45 62 90 53 23 2 1,50±0,03 11,6
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№ Varieties and hybrid combinations Class boundary, % g/cm3 X±Sx V %
1,301,33 1,341,37 1,381,41 1,421,45 1,461,49 1,501,53 1,541,57 1,581,61 1,621,65 1,661,69 1,70-1,73
15 L -1703 х S-6530 5 11 28 37 43 97 39 23 17 1,54±0,03 14,3
16 L -1703 х L -302 14 18 56 47 70 56 16 7 6 1,55±0,03 14,2
17 L -1703 х L -597 9 16 45 61 93 41 22 13 1,51±0,03 12,2
18 L -1858 х S-6530 8 14 27 40 64 102 32 13 1,52±0,04 13,0
19 L -1858 х L -302 4 12 22 30 54 81 50 31 16 1,57±0,04 14,1
20 L -1858 х L -597 14 22 36 45 95 67 15 6 1,50±0,04 12,5
21 L -257 х S-6530 9 14 37 62 96 36 21 13 12 1,51±0,04 13,5
22 L -257 х L -302 4 14 22 42 69 84 52 3 1,54±0,03 12,4
Therefore, the determination of the OKS and SCS is necessary in breeding work in order to determine the donor properties by wood density in the original forms.
Thus, L-1858, S-6530 and L-302 turned out to be the best in terms of wood density and the effects of the SCS, which can serve as donors when creating varieties with dense wood of the main stem. The results of the SCS effects are of interest from the point of view of heterotic selection and confirm the degree of heterosis and intermediate inheritance of traits, that is, high positive values of the SCS effects indicate the level of heterosis in Fi hybrids. From the data in Table 2 it is evident that of the parental forms, L-302 and S-6530 have the densest wood. It should be noted that the coefficient of variation in the parents was within 7.6 -10.5%. Analysis of the obtained results shows that F2 hybrids exhibit overdominance, dominance of parents with higher wood density. In three combinations, the hybrids were at the level of the parents, and in the remaining cases, positive and negative heterosis or intermediate inheritance were established. According to absolute indicators, the hybrid combination L-175 x L-597 (1.48 g/cm3) had the loosest wood, and in the remaining cases, the average indicator of this trait was within 1.49-1.56 g/cm3. The results of hybridological analysis show that F2 hybrids have a wide range of variability in wood density compared to parental forms (from 1.3 to 1.73 g/cm3), i.e. transgressive splitting takes place both to the left and to the right side of the variation series. At the same time, the frequency of negative transgression in most combinations was slightly higher than the frequency of positive transgression. Although the peak of the Gauss curve in hybrids is at the level of one or another parent or between them. The variation coefficients in F2 hybrid populations were slightly higher than in parental forms 12.4-14.8% (Table 2). It should be noted that the decrease in positive transgressions than negative ones in wood density is apparently associated with the limit of genetic possibility of this feature in the original forms, since from an evolutionary point of view this feature does not play a large role in this case for cotton. This trait is of great importance in mechanized cultivation and harvesting of raw cotton. Thus, wood density in F2 hybrids is inherited as a typical complex trait and is
apparently controlled by a relatively large number of dominant and recessive genes, and is also characterized by high polymorphism. Wood density in F3 hybrids was studied individually for each registered plant. Analysis of the obtained results shows that the basic principles of inheritance and variability of the studied trait are similar to those of F2 hybrids. At the same time, it should be noted that the average value of the trait is slightly higher than that of F2 hybrids. This increase is associated with the type of selection of the F2 plant - maternal, paternal or intermediate type and including a complex of the best morphological and economic traits. Family-by-family study of F3 hybrids made it possible to identify families with different wood density from loose to very dense. The nature of variability of families in F3 (V = from 10.5% - 14.3%) is approximately the same as that of plants in F2. The largest number of families with higher wood density than the parental forms were isolated in populations from crossing testers with the L-1703 line, as well as L-1858 x L-302, L-257 x S-6530, L-257 x L-597. Transgressive splitting in F2 and F3 is explained by the fact that the analyzed lines and testers are close in wood density indicators, but apparently have different states of allelic genes that control this trait.
Conclusion
Thus, based on the obtained results, the following conclusions can be made: - The parental forms differ in wood density and have different combining ability. In terms of OKS effects, the best were S-6530, L-1858 and L-302, which are good donors in wood density. - Wood density in F1 hybrids is inherited as a typical polygenic trait and is apparently controlled by different states of allelic and non-allelic genes. Positive heterosis, overdominance, dominance and intermediate inheritance are observed. - Hybridological analysis of F2 plants revealed intermediate inheritance of wood density, as well as manifestation of negative heterosis. However, a large range of variation is observed in the variability of the trait, from very loose to very dense. Analysis of F3 hybrids showed a similar pattern of inheritance of wood density as in F2, but with less variability of the trait.
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