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WOOD DENSITY IN COTTON HYBRIDS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MORPHOECONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS
Nasim Khozhambergenov
DSc., Professor of the Agriculture department, Head of the department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agro technologies, Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: [email protected]
Dilmurod Rasulov
Associate Professor of the Agriculture department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies,
Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: [email protected]
Sunnatullo Turapov
Associate Professor of the Agriculture Department, Research Institute of Cotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies,
Uzbekistan, p. Salar E-mail: turapovsunnatullo@,gmail.com
ПЛОТНОСТЬ ЛЕСА У ГИБРИДОВ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА И ЕЕ СВЯЗЬ С МОРФОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМИ И ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИМИ
ОСОБЕННОСТЯМИ
Хожамбергенов Насим Маменович
д-р с. -х. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника, Республика Узбекистан, п. Салар
Расулов Дилмурод Ибодиллаев
доц. кафедры сельского хозяйства, Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника, Республика Узбекистан, п. Салар
Суннатулла Турапов Хайруллаевич
доц. кафедры сельского хозяйства, Научно-исследовательского института селекции, семеноводства и агротехнологии хлопчатника, Республика Узбекистан, п. Салар
ABSTRACT
The article presents data on the study of physiological and biochemical indicators and their relationship with the main morphological and economic characteristics. The integration of the plant's genetic system, as well as the pleiotropic effects of some genes, underlie the correlations between characteristics and determine the nature of the associated reactions to artificial and natural selection.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье приведены данные по изучению физиологических и биохимических показателей и их взаимосвязи с основными морфологическими и хозяйственными характеристиками. Интеграция генетической системы растений, а также плеиотропные эффекты некоторых генов лежат в основе корреляции между характеристиками и определяют характер ассоциированных реакций на искусственный и естественный отбор.
Keywords: cotton, visual selection, correlation coefficients, wood density, hybrid.
Ключевые слова: хлопчатник, визуальный отбор, коэффициенты корреляции, плотность древесины, гибрид.
Библиографическое описание: Khozhambergenov N., Rasulov D., Turapov S. WOOD DENSITY IN COTTON HYBRIDS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MORPHOECONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 12(129). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/18873
Introduction. Due to the fact that according to the accepted practice of cotton selection scheme, visual selection of the best plants for a set of morphological and economic characteristics is carried out from the second generation, a comprehensive assessment of the correlation links for the studied characteristics was also carried out with F2.
With the sharp change in the natural and climatic conditions of various regions, breeders are faced with the task of introducing flexible, high-yielding, wilt-resistant, drought-resistant varieties of cotton that meet international standards for the technological properties of the fiber, as well as having high precocity and a high rate of return of early raw cotton harvest up to October 1-10 and having less energy-intensive cotton cultivation technology (one-time harvesting, reduction of one or two vegetation irrigations, minting, etc.).
The introduction of such varieties allows to reduce energy costs by 20-25% and obtain an early high and high-quality yield of raw cotton.
Therefore, the study of the inheritance of physiological and biochemical indicators and their mutual correlation with the height of the plant, early maturity, productivity and other morphological and economic characteristics will help to identify valuable sources and optimize selection methods when creating flexible, high-yielding, wilt-resistant, drought-resistant, early-ripening varieties and forms of cotton, which is relevant in theoretical and practical terms [1].
Method and result. The main purpose of the work was to study the main morphological and economic traits and physiological and biochemical indicators, their interrelationships, identification of valuable donors and optimization of selection methods in the creation of early maturing varieties and forms of cotton.
1. Study of the combining ability of new varieties and forms of cotton in the poly tester top cross system (and the density of the wood of the main stem, total protein and oil content of seeds) in F2 hybrids.
2. Study of the effect of the density of the wood of the main stem on the oil content of seeds, total protein in the wood of the main stem, on growth, development of morphological and economic traits (plant height, productivity, early maturity, fiber yield and length, etc.), as well as their interrelationships.
For the first time, the density of the main stem in cotton lines and hybrids, as well as their relationship with economically valuable traits, have been studied.
Correlation links and their importance in cotton breeding
In cotton, most economically valuable traits are interconnected to a certain extent, and knowledge of these links allows the breeder to make the right decisions in the process of creating new varieties with a complex of agricultural traits and properties.
A fundamental contribution to the development of the issue of correlation between quantitative traits in related individuals was made by R. Fisher (1918). He formulated the concept of the average gene effect, additive genotypic value, etc., which was further developed in the works of many researchers Hemphergy Z.M., Bylarkansas.,
Kockerham [1]. An extensive review of earlier works on correlative connections in cotton is given in the monograph by N.G. Simongulyan [2]. The author emphasizes that only genetic correlations are of breeding significance. It is not always possible to judge the size and direction by phenotypic and paratypic indicators. With strong negative correlations, the size of hybrid populations should be increased as much as possible, the genotype of varieties should be influenced by various methods to enrich them, and in this case, rare recombinants can be identified that combine the traits needed by the breeder.
There are two types of wood - soft and hard. Soft wood is the wood of gymnosperms, hard wood is the wood of dicotyledonous plants. They have significant structural differences in the shape and size of cells, in the density, hardness and strength of wood, as well as the content and arrangement of fibrous bundles (trachids) K. Esau [3]. The anatomy and morphology of the structure of the cotton bush were studied by A.I. Shleikher (1959), A.D. Dadabaev and N.G. Simongulyan (1960), A.A. Abdullaev (1974) and others, who indicate that when studying economically valuable traits, it is necessary to pay attention, along with physiological and biochemical indicators, to the anatomical and morphological structure of the bush, since it is interconnected with lodging, resistance to diseases, productivity, drought resistance, early maturity and other traits [1,2,4,5].
The analysis of the obtained correlation coefficients between the density of wood of the main stem with the height of the plant, the height of the first fruit branch, early maturity, the number of capsules per plant and the yield of the plant indicate that in the studied hybrid combinations there is no clear regular correlation. But, at the same time, there is a certain relationship depending on the parental forms. For example, in hybrid combinations where tall parents with high wood density participate with low-growing and relatively loose wood, a weak and average positive significant relationship is observed between these features, i.e. tall plants with a higher density are separated out than low-growing ones. This indicates that tall testers L-302 and S-6530 have a greater advantage in combining ability than the original form L-597. The exceptions were the hybrid combinations L-75 x L-597 and L-1858 x L-597, where there was a weak significant positive relationship. The correlation coefficients were r=0.29 and r=0.30. The relationships in the remaining hybrid combinations were weak negative or positive insignificant, where the original forms had approximately equal values for wood density, with the exception of two hybrid combinations L-108 x S-6530 and L-1858 x S-6530 [6,7].
A different picture is observed between the wood density and the fiber yield. For example, in most cases, significant correlations are found among hybrid combinations, where the testers are the high-yield grade S-6530 and the tench L-597 with a relatively high fiber yield. Weak and medium positive significant correlations are found among hybrid combinations of L-158 x S-6530, L-75 x S-6530, L-75 x L-597, L-1858 x S-6530 and L-1703 x S-6530 and L-257 x S-6530 (r-0.26 - 0.39), i.e. the higher the density, the higher the fiber yield,
whereas in the combination of L-158 x L-597, the opposite results were obtained, i.e. the fiber yield decreases with increasing wood density (r=-0.3). A similar pattern is observed, for example, in the hybrid combinations L-75 x L-302 and L-1703 x L-302 have in hybrid combinations with the participation of L-302. A significant weak negative correlation relationship was obtained in the combination L-257 x L-302 (r=-0.28±0.18), and in other cases they are not reliable. In the remaining hybrid combinations, very weak, weak negative and positive insignificant correlation relationships are observed, some vary (r=-0.01 to r=0.20±0.15) (Table).
The fiber length with the wood density does not have any regular significant correlations except for 4 hybrid combinations. For example, in the combinations L-158 x S-6530 and L-1703 x L-597 there is a weak (r=-0.3 and r=-0.33) negative significant relationship, i.e. the denser the wood, the shorter the fiber, whereas in the combinations L-75 x L-597 and L-1858 x L-597, the denser, the longer the fiber (r=-0.3), although these lines have approximately equal density and fiber length. This is apparently one of the manifestations of the new formation that the L-597 line produces in the F2 hybrid offspring, which is very valuable for the selection process. Summarizing the analysis of correlation links between the studied features, it can be noted that wood density has a different relationship with plant growth and development, early maturity, yield, and other morphological and
economic features in F2 hybrids depending on the genotype of the original forms and their combining ability, with the exception of those where the testers are L-302 and S-6530, weak significant negative and positive links with plant height, number of capsules, yield, fiber yield, and other features were obtained. It should be noted that the obtained relationships are, apparently, most likely a quantitative expression of one or another initial genotype, although, consequently, the density of wood plays a certain role in the arrangement of cells, their size and volume, and other factors that affect the manifestation of osmotic pressure, the passage of mineral and water nutrition, etc., but ultimately does not have clear, regular correlative relationships with the growth and development of the plant, which makes it possible for the breeder to create varieties and lines of any combinations. Wood density is not correlated with the oil content, protein content, or any other studied morphological and economic traits, with the exception of some hybrid combinations, where weak, medium, and significant negative or positive relationships are observed.
Conclusions. It has been established that in the studied forms and hybrids, the correlation relationships are determined by the combining ability of the original forms and the indicators of the effects of the OKS and SCS, as well as the genotypic manifestation of morphological and economic traits in F2 hybrids.
Table 1.
Relationship between wood density and morphological and economic characteristics in F2 hybrids
№ Hybrid combinations Correlation coefficients
Plant height hS Length of the growing season Number of fruit branches
r ± Sr tr r ± Sr tr r ± Sr Tr r ± Sr Tr
1 L -158 x S -6530 -0.02±0.18 0.11 0.13±0.17 0.76 -0.15±0.16 0.93 0.02±0.13 0.01
2 L -158 x L -302 0.28±0.14 2.00 -0.18±0.15 2.20 -0.26±0.11 2.36 -0.16±0.14 1.15
3 L -158 x L -597 0.05±0.18 0.27 0.27±0.16 0.93 -0.08±0.18 0.44 -0.23±0.13 1.77
4 L -75 x S - 6530 0.44±0.17 2.59 -0.07±0.18 0.38 0.06±0.18 0.33 0.14±0.16 0.87
5 L -75 x L -302 0.29±0.13 2.23 0.47±0.18 2.61 -0.33±0.13 2.54 0.38±0.17 2.23
6 L -75 x L -597 0.29±0.12 2.42 -0.04±0.22 0.18 0.02±0.22 0.09 0.18±0.12 1.50
7 L -1703 x S -6530 0.40±0.19 2.10 0.19±0.20 0.95 0.10±0.17 0.59 -0,04±0.18 0.02
8 L -1703 x L -302 0.40±0.18 2.20 0.30±0.13 2.30 0.32±0.16 2.00 -0.22±0.13 1.69
9 L -1703 x L -597 0.17±0.16 1.06 0.20±0.15 1.33 0.14±0.11 1.27 0.23±0.13 1.77
10 L -1858 x S -6530 -0.02±0.18 0.11 0.06±0.18 0.33 -0.08±0.20 0.40 0.12±0.10 1.20
11 L -1858 x L -302 0.36±0.16 2.15 0.19±0.15 1.27 -0.37±0.14 2.64 0.40±0.18 2.22
12 L -1858 x L -597 0.30±0.13 2.31 0.14±0.16 0.87 -0.18±0.12 2.33 0.04±0.18 0.22
13 L -257 x S -6530 0.14±0.18 0.88 0.01±0.20 0.05 0.02±0.19 0.11 -0.06±0.18 0.33
14 L -257 x L -302 0.38±0.16 2.38 0.34±0.17 2.00 -0.38±0.15 2.53 0.46±0.18 2.55
15 L -257 x L -597 -0.17±0.21 0.81 0.04±0.18 0.22 0.20±0.14 1.73 0.08±0.18 0.44
Table continued
№ Hybrid combinations Correlation coefficients
Number of bolls per plant Yield per plant Fiber output Fiber length
r ± Sr tr r ± Sr tr r ± Sr Tr r ± Sr Tr
1 L -158 x S -6530 -0.06±0.18 0.33 0.01±0.19 0.05 0.34±0.13 2.61 0.19±0.14 1.36
2 L -158 x L -302 0.08±0.13 0.61 0.09±0.18 0.50 -0.01±0.19 0.05 -0.33±0.16 2.06
3 L -158 x L -597 -0.17±0.15 1.17 0.25±0.12 2.03 -0.30±0.13 2.31 -0.18±0.21 0.85
4 L -75 x S - 6530 -0.23±0.13 1.76 0.04±0.18 0.22 0.26±0.11 2.36 0.07±0.18 0.39
5 L -75 x L -302 0.39±0.19 2.05 0.20±0.14 1.42 0.03±0.18 0.17 -0.30±0.14 2.14
6 L -75 x L -597 0.51±0.19 2.68 0.38±0.15 2.84 0.36±0.15 2.40 0.30±0.14 2.14
7 L -1703 x S -6530 0.03±0.18 0.16 0.09±0.18 0.22 0.39±0.18 2.05 0,33±0.15 2.20
8 L -1703 x L -302 0.47±0.18 2.61 0.45±0.18 2.50 -0.02±0.20 0.10 -0.29±0.13 2.15
9 L -1703 x L -597 0.16±0.16 1.00 0.03±0.18 0.17 -0.13±0.17 0.76 -0.08±0.14 0.57
10 L -1858 x S -6530 0.22±0.13 1.69 0.05±0.18 0.28 0.35±0.16 2.18 0.37±0.15 2.47
11 L -1858 x L -302 0.38±0.16 2.37 0.40±0.18 2.11 -0.20±0.14 1.42 0.06±0.18 0.33
12 L -1858 x L -597 0.34±0.16 2.12 0.28±0.12 2.33 0.20±0.15 1.33 -0.30±0.13 2.30
13 L -257 x S -6530 -0.11±0.01 1.10 -0.20±0.14 1.43 0.29±0.13 2.23 0.20±0.20 1.00
14 L -257 x L -302 0.30±0.14 2.14 0.26±0.11 2.37 -0.28±0.13 2.15 -0.36±0.16 2.25
15 L -257 x L -597 -0.04±0.18 0.22 0.16±0.16 1.00 -0.04±0.18 0.22 0.10±0.18 0.55
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