CC BY
50
который начинает свою работу в настоящее время, состоит из уголовного преследования правонарушителей. Электронные письма, отправленные пользователю, станут одним из доказательств виновности [5].
Нам бы также хотелось обратить внимание на судьбу электронных книг. Не так давно, министром бюджета Франции, а так же Комиссии по культуре Сената Франции, было принято решение, о понижении НДС на электронные книжные издания до 5,5%. По мнению французов, это стало значительным этапом в поддержке культуры [1, с. 157].
Последующим шагом в этой связи, несомненно, должно стать выработка единых твердых цен для электронных книжных изданий. Несомненно, от продажи электронных вариантов книг авторы обязаны зарабатывать не меньше, чем от продажи обыкновенных публикаций.
В нашей статье, были проанализированы проблемы соблюдения авторских прав в сети «Интернет» двух стран: России и Франции. Безусловно, и то, и другое законодательство не совершены в данном вопросе.
Очевидно и то, что, политика, разрабатываемая станами по вопросы обеспечения защиты авторских прав в сети, не успевает за развитием самой сети «Интернет». Для того, что бы деятельность государств была эффективной, недостаточно лишь выявлять проблемы, необходимо также перенимать опыт зарубежных стан, а также обеспечивать международное сотрудничество для разрешения данного вопроса.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Еременко В.И. Законодательство об интеллектуальной собственности во Франции. М., 2010.
2. Научный журнал факультета журналистики МГУ «Медиаскоп»: URL:http://www.mediascope.ru.
3. Вилинов А.А. Актуальные вопросы регулирования отношений по охране авторского и смежных прав в сети Интернет // Интеллектуальная собственность (Авторское право и смежные права). 2013. № 10.
4. Лебедь В.В., Произведения искусства в авторском праве. Монография. М., изд. Книгодел,
2013.
5. Вестник Департамента международных связей. 2014. № 54: URL: http://rao.ru.
© Н.Ю. Шлюндт, Л.В. Кирюхина, 2015
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 392
Цхай Ирина Ивановна
ст. преподаватель СФУ, г. Красноярск, РФ E-mail: [email protected]
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FAMILY DINNER IN BUILDING AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE AND IN «NURTURING» TEENS DURING ADOLESCENCE
One day I was talking to my American friend about the importance of solid family values around the world and its connection with the time of adolescence; imagine, I got surprised, when my friend Lucas (he studied Russian language in our University) started this conversation on the importance of the family dinner!«Why the family dinner?! ». I thought deeply about this topic ... but now I feel embarrassed that at first I was not shrewd enough to see the main point here. Over time I am sure that the philosophy of a family dinner should be valued in any community as it is a really important tip on how to build a solid family. This is what he said about family dinner :« Americans (specifically Christian and other committed families) that are really trying to keep the family eat together around 6pm.Everyone tries to be at home by that time and brings their emotions, feelings, joys and sorrows to the dinner table. The family prays before the meal: for their food, rest, and home, for all good things and for those they love» and then they start enjoying their meal together. This is an important thing to do, and it is very beneficial for family relations to sit around the table and share supper time together where the kids can have a place to talk about their day at school and their relations with friends etc. But unfortunately this tradition is badly lacking in today's society and needs to be restored.
There is no doubt that for most American families, the teen years present a challenge for both parents and children. Even middle school is not fondly remembered by most who attend it [1]. It is often fraught with scary body changes, bullying by peers and a new surge for independence. This leads to passive-aggressive behavior ("I'll do it in a minute"), self-consciousness ('What are you staring at?") and self-doubt ("I'm not good at anything.") and/or over-confidence ('Well, I thought I could do that.") and of course moodiness ("Leave me alone."). During adolescence, kids need their parents more than ever. Research shows that a positive family environment including fun family activities, open parent-child communication and the encouragement to participate in positive extracurricular and community activities with which teens are able to navigate these years with relative ease [2, р.802].
It is obvious that self-esteem is a major key to success in life. The development of a positive self-concept or healthy self-esteem is extremely important to the happiness and success of children and teenagers.
Self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves; and our behavior clearly reflects those feelings. For example, a child or teen with high self-esteem will be able to: act independently; assume responsibility; take pride in his accomplishments; tolerate frustration; attempt new tasks and challenges; handle positive and negative emotions; offer assistance to others
On the other hand, a child with low self-esteem will: avoid trying new things; feel unloved and unwanted; blame others for his own shortcomings; feel, or pretend to feel, emotionally indifferent; be unable to tolerate a normal level of frustration; put down his own talents and abilities; be easily influenced.
Adolescence has never been an easy time for youth as well, as they make the transition from childhood to adulthood. Psychological, physical, social, and emotional changes bring new stress into their lives as they slowly transit from the carefree joy of childhood into the stressful demands of adulthood. These stresses lead to problems that have become the norm among teenagers throughout the modern world including problems with self-image, eating disorders, drugs, alcohol abuse, and suicide. Recent studies and research show that although many of these issues and problems were faced by adolescents in years past, today's adolescents face a unique situation brought on by the abandonment of their parents, community, teachers, and society in general.
Adolescence is not merely a time of physical changes; it is also a time of increased responsibilities and discoveries. "Most agree that the central work of adolescence includes developing a positive body image, beginning to achieve economic and emotional independence, more completely defining gender roles, developing relationships with the opposite gender, preparing for future occupational and family roles, and developing civic competence" [3]. And this list only scratches the surface of responsibilities assigned for teens in today's world. In addition, youth need to navigate the various expectations of teachers, coaches, parents and other adults as they juggle the responsibilities of being a student, friend, and family member.
In the modern world many adults argue that today's teenagers face the same problems that they did in their youth. However, recent studies, particularly from Dr. Chap Clark, show that today teens face situations unique from adolescents in the past. The biggest change has been the loss of a solid family structure. This is most easily seen in the statistics of divorce rate among first marriages. In 1940 in the U.S. the divorce rate was 2% and in 2002: 43%. In recent years that statistic has evened out only due to the fact that fewer couples are even committing to marriage in the first place. These facts highlight the historically unique environment in which teens today are growing up: one of broken homes and single parents. Children face the trauma of individual crisis events, such as a messy divorce, and also the compounded long-term stress afterward of dividing time between parents. "Overwhelming data regarding the influence of parents on child and adolescent development reveal that the most important place of safety for a young person is a supportive dual-parent setting" [5, p.21]. In the U.S. after a divorce, children are often passed from one parent to another to give equal time to both the mother and father. While there are benefits for children who have relationships with both parents, the youth are often forced to play the role of mediator between the parents, putting unneeded stress on their lives as they balance the desires and needs of both their father and mother and often a new step-mother or step-father.
Even stable two-parent families have moved away from family-building traditions as simple as having a meal together. A 2011 study found that compared to teens that have frequent family dinners (five to seven per week), those who have infrequent family dinners (fewer than three per week) are almost six and a half times more likely to use illegal drugs. The time spent with family over a meal is a valuable avenue for open communication and solid connection between family members. In the U.S. family schedules have been so stuffed full of activities that often teenagers arrive home just in time to cram in dinner before they are faced with the demands of homework, a part-time job, or additional clubs or sports.
Secondly, in recent years American youth have suffered a loss of community. Several decades ago, most American adolescents grew up in communities where neighbors celebrated the successes of youth in sports and academics. Neighbors knew about exciting stages in the lives of youth in their community. Even local store owners knew when a high schooled received an acceptance letter from a prestigious university or when someone broke their arm in a sporting accident. In recent years however, the American family has become so busy that there is too little time to even learn the names of neighbors. Local merchants have been replaced by supermarkets and large corporate chains which have little personal connection to their community. The result is a loss of the support network that community used to offer adolescents.
Teachers also used to fall into the category of community support. However, increased workloads and the demands of preparing students for standardized tests have left little time for teachers to be involved in the lives of their students. Teachers who do make an effort to know their students on a more personal level feel discouraged that today's adolescents have no desire to do so.
In effect, adolescents have been more or less abandoned by their communities and families. Adults have given up their responsibility to nurture the young into adulthood. Today's parents and adults in general are simply so engrossed in their own lives that they do not have the desire to step outside their comfort zone and listen to the needs of adolescents. They blindly tell themselves that everything is normal and that they faced the same things when they were teens. However this action is interpreted by teens as a withdrawal, a sign that the adults that surround them have no desire to know them as they really are. Teens know what their parents want to see and often simply wear that mask while they are around them. But, in reality, playing these roles increases feelings of distance from their parents and reinforces the thought that their parents do not understand them and do not wish to.
Guided by the persuasion that adults have abandoned them, adolescents have begun to form deeper and stronger bonds with groups of friends. These groups, more than ever, have formed their own society with set rules, norms, and structures that determine for themselves decision-making and morality. These close-knit groups of friends usually consist of 4-6 adolescents of the same gender and are an important part of a teenager's transition to adulthood. "Their dependence on each other fulfills the universal human longing for community ... it becomes in isolation in a society with its own values, ethics, rules, worldview, rites of passage, worries, joys, and momentum. It becomes teacher, advisor, entertainer, challenger, nurturer, inspirer, and sometimes destroyer." [4] These groups of friends provide the support needed to navigate the complicated and stressful period of adolescents. These groups meet a real need, and are both healthy and helpful, but are not without drawbacks. They become particularly problematic when they serve as the sole source of support for a teen, without being balanced by relationships with adults. In some cases this leads the group to encourage high-risk and harmful behaviors, including drug usage or sexual experimentation.
Another significant problem arises when a teen's support network of friends falls apart or becomes geographically far away (in the case of traveling or a family move). In these cases, without any preexisting relationship with a trusted and supportive adult, the teen feels keenly isolated and alone. It seems that there is absolutely no one to turn to with their problems, no one to help them during this difficult time in their life. Overwhelmed by the loss of friends' support, the teen is vulnerable to depression, which can quickly lead to habits of self-inflicted pain and in some cases suicide.
Parents need to provide a safe warm place for adolescents while simultaneously maintaining a stable force of authority and control. Just as successful adults live within cultural boundaries and within the rules of society, teens must also be expected to live with the reasonable boundaries created by their parents. Research shows that most teens recognize the need for boundaries set by parents, even if they do not always agree to abide by them.
Parents also need to provide a place where their teen can be heard. They need to find time in the business of their lives to listen to and learn from their teen without immediately judging or scolding. Gaining this trust is not an easy task for the parent. Often adolescents will share very little with their family, but the key is that the family system is there in case a crisis arises, so that they know there is someone available to listen and hear them out [5, p.21].
Often well-meaning adults build programs aimed at aiding adolescents during this difficult time in their lives. These clubs, sports groups, and organizations often offer helpful outlets to teens, but in reality they are created by adults with little input from youth. They offer something for teens to do in their spare time, but not someone to talk to. These clubs and activities offer entertainment, but nurturing is absent.
In conclusion, parents, teachers, and adults in the community need to step up and reclaim their roles in actively supporting and nurturing youth. With an understanding that the process of acquiring a teen's trust will be long and difficult, adults should seek out a serious relationship with them. These relationships should not be based on the adult's terms, but to give the teen a safe and comfortable place to be heard, a place where they can openly express the joys and troubles of their life as they make the transition to adulthood. Bibliography:
1. Tracy Cutchlow. Child Development, Family Building, Parenting, Psychology http://www.zerotofive .net
2. Chapin, John R. "Adolescent Sex and Mass Media: A Developmental Approach," Adolescence 35 (Winter 2000): p. 802.
3. Clark, Chap. Hurt 2.0: Inside the World of Today's Teenagers. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2011, Kindle edition.
4. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. "The Importance of Family Dinners VII." Sept. 2011, www.casacolumbia.org.
5. Hersch, Patricia. A Tribe Apart: A Journey into the Heart of American Adolescence. New York: Baltimore Books, 1998: p.21.
© H.H. Uxan, 2015
УДК 37.01
Агеев Алексей Викторович
канд. ист наук, доцент СКФУ, Ставрополь, РФ, [email protected]
Простяков Александр Александрович канд. пед. наук, доцент СКФУ, Ставрополь, РФ, [email protected] Водолажский Герман Игоревич Канд. биол. Наук, доцент СКФУ, Ставрополь, РФ, [email protected]
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ УРОВНЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ В ВУЗЕ
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются процессы повышения двигательной активности в условиях вуза на основе единства и взаимосвязи учебного и вне учебного процессов, и самостоятельной физкультурно-оздоровительной деятельности молодежи.
