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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
STUDY OF SOLUBILITY IN THE SYSTEM: POTASSIUM SALT-MONOETHANOLAMMONIUM ACETATE-WATER
Marguba Abdullaeva
PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan Email: [email protected]
Shakhnoza Karajanova
Assistant Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Gulnoz Saidullaeva
PhD in Technical Sciences, Assistant Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ РАСТВОРИМОСТИ СИСТЕМ:КАЛИЕВАЯ СОЛЬ-ОДНОЗАМЕЩЕННЫЙ УКСУСНОКИСЛЫЙ МОНОЭТАНОЛАММОНИЙ-ВОДА
Абдуллаева Маргуба Толибжановна
д-р философии (PhD) по техническим наукам, доцент, Ташкентская Медицинская Академия Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Каражанова Шахноза Дарябаевна
ассистент
Ташкентская Медицинская Академия Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Сайдуллаева Гулноз Анорбоевна
д-р философии (PhD) по техническим наукам, ассистент Ташкентская Медицинская Академия Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
ABSTRACT
Polytherm of solubility in the K2SO4-CH3COOH system- H2NC2H4OH-H2O was studied using eight internal sections. A diagram is constructed based on the polytherm of the solubility of binary systems and eight internal sections. Mutual influence of components in the CH3COOH system- H2NC2H4OH-KCI-H2O studied by the isomolar series method showed that the isotherms of crystallization temperature, viscosity, density, and pH of the medium revealed branches of the existence of initial components and new chemical compounds. The studied system belongs to the simple eutonic type, with the individuality of the constituent components preserved.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Политерма растворимости в системе K2SO4-CH3COOH- H2NC2H4OH-H2O изучена с помощью восьми внутренних разрезов. На основе политермы растворимости бинарных систем и восьми внутренних разрезов построена диаграмма. Взаимное влияние компонентов в системе CH3COOH^H2NC2H4OH-KCI-H2O, изученное методом изомолярных серий показало, что на изотермах температуры кристаллизации, вязкости, плотности и рН среды выявлены ветви существования исходных компонентов и новых химических соединений. Изученная система относится к простому эвтоническому типу, с сохранением индивидуальности составляющих компонентов.
Библиографическое описание: Abdullaeva M.T., Karajanova Sh.D., Saidullaeva G.A. STUDY OF SOLUBILITY IN THE SYSTEM: POTASSIUM SALT-MONOETHANOLAMMONIUM ACETATE-WATER // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2025. 1(130). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/19097
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Keywords: Physiologically active substances, binary system, liquid fertilizers, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium.
Ключевые слова: Физиологически активные вещества, бинарная система, жидкие удобрения, сульфат калия, хлорида калия, однозамещенный уксуснокислый моноэтаноламмоний.
INTRODUCTION. The growth of the world population leads to an increase in demand for basic foodstuffs with a simultaneous reduction in the resource of free world cultivated areas per person, which necessitates the intensification of agriculture, the development and introduction of new technologies. As a result, the needs of agricultural producers for mineral fertilizers are growing, as well as their quality characteristics are changing [1].
LITERATURE. Liquid fertilizers have a number of advantages over solid fertilizers. They do not dust, do not clump, are characterized by free fluidity, and unfavorable climatic conditions do not have a significant impact on their quality indicators. Together with liquid fertilizers, it is possible to effectively use trace elements, herbicides and insecticides, which are introduced directly into solutions. Liquid fertilizers are equivalent to solid fertilizers in their agrochemical efficiency. They provide the possibility of complete mechanization of all application processes during tillage (plowing, cultivation and other methods). At the same time, their production is much simpler and cheaper, since the energy-intensive stages of evaporation, drying and granulation are excluded [2-4].
For normal growth, development and creation of high yields of plants,
Along with nitrogen-phosphorus, potassium fertilizers are needed to contribute to the normal course of vital processes in the plant body. Lack of mobile forms of potassium in the soil reduces yields, worsens the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers [5].
Among the chlorine-free forms of potassium fertilizers, potassium sulfate has the greatest prospects for production and use, feeding plants with potassium and sulfur. Potassium sulfate is a valuable chlorine-free fertilizer. The use of potassium sulfate in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has a much more effective effect on the size of the yield and its quality. After the use of potassium sulfate in cultivated fruits, vegetables and berries, the content of sugars and vitamins significantly increases, the resistance of plants to various diseases increases, and the percentage of damage to finished products by core and gray rot decreases.
The use of potassium sulfate as a fertilizer has the advantage of providing perennial plants with a safe winter. By feeding fruit and berry trees and shrubs with potassium sulfate in the fall, you can count on the fact that they will survive even the most severe frosts with insignificant losses [6].
Potassium chloride is one of the most popular basic fertilizers in private households. This is due to the availability and speed of migration in the soil compared to other potassium fertilizers, which makes it possible to carry out prompt feeding of annuals during the season with potassium chloride. However, the same speed
of migration and the presence of chloride ions, which are contraindicated for many garden crops, require the use of potassium chloride with caution. Potassium chloride can be fed to plants that do not like chlorine, such as potatoes, carrots, pumpkins and others, you just need to know: how and when. At the same time, potassium chloride is used as a source of potassium in most industrially produced complex fertilizers, which contains up to 47% of chlorine [7].
As is known, the coefficient of nutrient use by plants for phosphorus does not exceed 15-20%, for nitrogen and potassium - 40-50%. One of the ways to increase crop yields and increase the efficiency of fertilizers is to introduce physiologically active substances into their composition [7.8].
One of the promising, agrochemically and economically feasible ways to increase the efficiency of mineral fertilizers, increase crop yields and improve the quality of agricultural products is the combined use of physiologically active substances with basic mineral fertilizers.
The introduction of physiologically active substances contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the applied mineral fertilizers.
Physiologically active substances are regulators of plant growth, capable of causing various changes in the process of plant growth and development in small quantities. They are strong biostimulants, i.e. they increase immunity, rooting of cuttings, increase germination and accelerate seed germination, reduce the negative impact of adverse external factors such as cold snap or drought, stimulate the formation of ovaries, accelerate fruit ripening, and stimulate flowering [9].
Physiologically active substances (auxins, kinins, gibberelenes, succinic acid, monoethanolamine, thiocar-bamide and others) are widely used to obtain high yields with good qualities. One of these physiologically active substances is monosubstituted acetic acid monoethano-lammonium. As noted in the literature review, monoeth-anolamine and its derivatives in the composition of drugs enhance the effect of active ingredients, while eliminating the negative effects of drugs on plants [10.11]. It has been established that when monoethano-lamine reacts with acetic acid, a monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium is formed. [12.13].
For the physicochemical substantiation of the process of obtaining liquid fertilizer with physiologically active substances, first of all, it is necessary to know the solubility of salts in systems that include the components under study, and the interaction of initial components in a wide range of temperatures and concentrations.
In this regard, in order to substantiate the process of obtaining liquid fertilizer with physiological activity, we studied the mutual influence of components in the K2SO4-CH3COOH H2NC2H4OH-H2O by the visual-polythermic method of examination.
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For the study, potassium sulfate recrystallized from an aqueous solution, grade "ch", monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium, synthesized on the basis of acetic acid and monoethanolamine taken in a molar ratio of 1:1, were used as initial components[12].
METHODS. In order to theoretically substantiate the process of obtaining a fertilizer based on potassium chloride containing physiological active substance , the mutual influence of components in the system
январь, 2025 г.
of CH3COOHH2NC2H4OH-KCI-H2O in a wide temperature and concentration range using the isomolar series method [8].
RESULTS. The binary system K2SO4 - H2O was studied in the temperature range from -1.8°C to 30°C. Crystallization branches were identified on the solubility diagram: ice, potassium sulfate monohydrate, and anhydrous potassium sulfates. That is, the data obtained by us are in good agreement with the literature [14] (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Solubility diagram of the binary potassium sulfate-water system
The study of the solubility of the binary system CH3COOH- H2NC2H4OH-H2O in the temperature range from the freezing point of -50.3 to 10°C, it was established that the solubility diagram delineated the crystallization fields of ice, acetic acid, and monosubsti-tuted uxunic acid monoethanolammonium. The first eu-tectic point of the binary system corresponds to 55.8%
CH3COOH at a temperature of -50.3°C, the second eu-tectic point corresponds to 78% CH3COOH H2NC2H4OH, at a temperature of -26.1°C, which is in good agreement with the data given in the paper [12] (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Solubility diagram of the binary system monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium - water
Polytherm solubility of the potassium sulfate system - monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium - water was studied in the range from a complete freezing temperature of -60.0 to 10.0°C, using eight internal sections. Sections I to III were drawn from the
side of K2SO4-H2O to the apex at CH3COOH NH2C2H4OH, and from IV to VIII - from the side of CH3COOH- NH2C2H4OH-H2O to the top of K2SO4 (Fig. 3).
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Figure 3. Polytherm of the solubility system potassium sulfate - monosubstituted acetic acid
monoethanolammonium - water
The solubility diagram of the system is characterized by the presence of ice crystallization fields, potassium sulfate crystal hydrate, and anhydrous potassium sulfate, acetic acid, monosubstituted acetic acid mo-noethanolammonium. From the solubility diagram
of this system, it follows that it belongs to the simple eu-tonic type. These fields converge at two triple points of the studied system. The compositions and crystallization temperatures of the double and triple points of the system are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Double and triple nodal points of the potassium sulfate-monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium-
water system
Composition of the liquid phase, masses % Temp of cryst, °C Solid phases
CH3COOHNH2C2H4OH K2SO4 H2O
- 6,5 93,5 -1.6 ice +K2SO4H2O
9,6 5,2 85,2 -11.0 same
19,7 4,0 76,3 -34.0 // //
28,0 3,6 68,4 -38.0 // //
35,0 3,3 61,4 -40.0 ice + K2SO4H2O+ K2SO4
- 8,4 91,6 9.7 K2SO4H2O+ K2SO4
9,2 8,2 82,6 -3.2 same
19,4 5,6 75 -20.0 // //
28,3 4,4 67,3 -30.4 // //
55,8 - 44,2 -50.3 ice+ CH3COOH
55,1 1,2 43,7 -52.5 same
54,0 2,4 43,6 -55.1 ice+ CH3COOH+ K2SO4
48,8 2,7 48,5 -50.4 ice + K2SO4
58,9 1,9 39,2 -30.0 CH3COOH + K2SO4
78,0 - 22,0 -26.1 CH3COOH+ CH3COOHNH2C2H4OH
77,6 0,8 21,6 -26.8 same
77,4 1,2 21,4 -27.2 CH3COOH+ CH3COOHNH2C2H4OH + K2SO4
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DISCUSSION. Based on the data of polythermal sections, isotherms of the solubility of the system were carried out by interpolation every 10°C. Projections of the polytherm of the system on the sides of K2SO4-H2O and CH3COOH NH2C2H4OH-H2O.
Thus, it has been established that in the studied temperature and concentration range, the components of the system retain their individuality. The studied system belongs to the simple eutonic type.
To establish the mechanism of interaction of potassium chloride with monosubstituted acetic acid mo-noethanolammonium, the system of potassium chloride
- monosubstituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium
- water was studied by the method of isomolar series. For this purpose, the concentration of aqueous solutions of potassium chloride and monoethanolammonic acid monoethanolammonium was 2 mol/l. All measurements were carried out in a water thermostat at (20±0.1)°C [8].
The kinematic viscosity of the solutions was determined using a capillary viscometer VPZh-2 with a capillary diameter of 1,16-2,75 mm. The accuracy of the results ±0,0001 10-1 m2/s [9].
Relative density was determined by the pycnomet-ric method. To determine the density, the pycnometers were filled with distilled water, thermostatted at 20°C and weighed. Knowing the weight of the dry pycnome-ter, the density of water at 20°C, the weight of the filled pycnometer, its volume was calculated. Weighing was carried out with an accuracy of ±0,00005 g. The results were presented with an accuracy of ±0,1 kg/m3 [10].
The pH of the solution medium was measured according to the method on the pH meter of METTLER TOLEDO FE 20/ FG [11].
Crystallization temperatures, viscosity, density and pH of the medium of solutions of this system depending on the ratio of components are determined (Table 2)
Table 2
Changes in System Properties Depending on Molar Ratios
Correlation of CH3COOH- NH2C2H4OH:KCI pH of the environment d, g/см3 q, mm2/c Temp of cryst. Т°С.
100 7,00 1,0256 13,00 -1.8
90:10 7,00 1,0280 12,70 -1.8
80:20 6,98 1,0300 12,36 -1.9
70:30 7,00 1,0328 11,95 -1.9
60:40 7,05 1,0352 11,52 -2.0
50:50 7,05 1,0378 11,19 -2.0
40:60 7,10 1,040 10,62 -2.1
30:70 6,98 1,410 10,52 -2.2
20:80 6,98 1,439 10,31 -2.2
10:90 7,00 1,462 10,02 -2.2
100 7,00 1,483 9,050 -2.3
CONCLUSION. On the basis of the data obtained, putting the properties (density, pH of the medium, viscosity and crystallization temperature) on the ordinate axis, and the compositions of solutions on the abscissa axis, a composition-properties diagram for the CH3COOHH2NC2H4OH-KCI-H2O. It has been established that the formation of a new compound is not observed in isomolar solutions. On the isotherms of the refractive index, density, viscosity and pH of the composition-properties diagram of the studied system, one bend is observed, corresponding to the branches of the existence of the initial components. The diagram shows
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that in the concentration range of 70,0^30,% CH3COOHH2NC2H4OH and KCI substances are present together.
The components of the system in the studied temperature and concentration range retain their individuality, and consequently, their physiological activity. The results indicate the possibility of combining monosub-stituted acetic acid monoethanolammonium with potassium sulfate to produce a fertilizer with physiological activity.
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