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Jalolova M.A.
NamMQI Teacher
STAGES OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUANTITATIVE LIMIT OF
SMALL BUSINESS ENTITIES
Annotation
The subject "Small Business Management" is designed to teach students the concepts of entrepreneurship and business, their role in economic development, the specific features of the development of entrepreneurship and small business in the republic, the legal foundations of small business and entrepreneurship and their support by the state.
Keywords: "Small business, economy, development, market economy
Currently, the demand for businessmen engaged in the small business sector in the republic is increasing. This poses a number of challenges for higher and secondary specialized educational institutions in the republic. One of them is to train qualified specialists for small business, retrain them, improve their skills, and train them as mature personnel armed with modern socio-economic and legal knowledge.
The discipline of small business management, as a newly emerging economic discipline, cannot develop in isolation from other disciplines. It widely uses the achievements of related disciplines.
The discipline of "small business management" is closely related to specific economic disciplines: planning and organization of production at enterprises, management, accounting, finance and credit, statistics, and many other disciplines.
The task of this discipline is to use the current achievements of economic knowledge in business and entrepreneurial activities in a targeted manner, as a result of which it will increase the efficiency of small enterprises, ensure the production of high-quality products that are competitive in the world market, and increase the well-being of the people.
The object of study of this discipline is the formation of institutions and organizations in the enterprise by persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities, which indicates the importance of the discipline in the economy.
In the study of the discipline, qualified specialists in market economics, The organization of businessmen, entrepreneurs and businessmen allows students to gain deeper knowledge and broaden their worldview.
Uzbekistan is achieving global success and results during its historically short-term, but unprecedented in terms of content, essence, and scale of socioeconomic development of the ongoing fundamental reforms and changes. The basis of such achievements is, first of all, the correct choice of the "Uzbek model" of independent development by the leader of our country, the effective, firm and consistent economic policy pursued for its implementation, and, most importantly, the consolidation of our hardworking people on the path of a high national idea that
moves them towards creativity and innovation, the formation of their strong faith and aspirations for tomorrow.
During the period of independent development, special attention was paid to the development of small business and private entrepreneurship as an important direction for structural transformation of our country's economy based on the requirements of the time, liberalization of economic relations and processes, ensuring high and stable growth rates through modernization of leading sectors of the economy, and increasing employment and well-being of the population. In particular, 2011 was declared by our President as the "Year of Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship" and a special State Program was developed, which included urgent tasks and measures to be implemented throughout the year. Speaking about the specific importance of these measures, the head of our country emphasized that "Another issue that requires special attention is that currently small business and private entrepreneurship in our country are developing mainly in the fields of trade, services and communications, and in the processing of agricultural products. However, at the same time, in the industrial sector, in the organization of modern production sectors that require high technologies, in the field of innovation and innotechnologies, pharmacology and pharmaceuticals, information and communication systems, biotechnology, the use of alternative energy sources, in short, we need to pave the way for the development of small business and private entrepreneurship based on the achievements of advanced science." This indicates the need to prioritize the development of small business entities that use modern equipment and technologies to produce finished products that meet demand, implement innovative projects and developments.
Assessing the development processes of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country during the years of independence, it should be noted, first of all, that to this day, the definition of the boundaries of enterprises included in the small business structure has been carried out through specific stages of development. The quantitative boundaries established at each specific stage are based on the decrees of our President and the decisions of our government. All this indicates the high importance of the development of this sector in the socioeconomic development of our country. Since the first years of independence, it has been necessary to provide comprehensive support to small business entities in our country, their activities are regulated by the state.
In order to effectively regulate it, great attention is being paid to its definition as a separate sector. As a result of economic development and the creation of a favorable environment for entrepreneurial activity, small business entities are developing qualitatively and quantitatively, their quantitative boundaries are also being improved. In order to more clearly express these processes and quantitative changes in them, it is advisable to use a separate table. During the period of independence, the first regulatory document on small business activities was adopted in our country - the "Regulations on Small Enterprises in the Republic of Uzbekistan" (Appendix 2 to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 85 dated February 26, 1992), which determined the
quantitative boundaries of small enterprises. At that time, the fact that there were still no quantitative boundaries for the scale of medium and large enterprises in our republic led to the fact that the small business sector was determined mainly through the activities of small enterprises. In the early period of independent development, the quantitative boundaries of small enterprises were relatively wide, that is, in industry and construction - up to 200 people, in science and scientific services - up to 100 people, in other sectors of the production sector - up to 50 people, in non-production sectors - up to 25 people, in retail trade - up to 15 people. This is mainly explained by the fact that at the initial stage of the transition from an administrative-command system to a socially oriented market economy, the share of large state-owned enterprises was still high, and the large number of business entities that felt the need for the state to provide these enterprises with equal economic conditions and support through various methods and means. It should be noted that this regulatory document, aimed at creating conditions for the active development of small businesses in Uzbekistan in order to form the infrastructure of a market economy, develop competition, create new jobs, implement structural changes in the economy, and fill the consumer market through increased production of goods and services, was indeed the initial impetus given to this process. As a result, small businesses in our country began to develop rapidly. As noted above, the broad socioeconomic reforms being carried out in our country have created a basis for improving the structural structure of our economy and, accordingly, require further improvement in the definition of the small business sector. In particular, as a result of the implemented small privatization, almost 54 thousand small and medium-sized enterprises in the trade, service sector, local, light, food industry, motor transport, construction and construction materials production sectors were transferred to private ownership.
This law also defines the main directions of state stimulation of small business:
- improvement of the regulatory and legal framework of small business;
- formation and development of infrastructure;
- creation of conditions for the activities of small business entities.
The main feature of the next stage of defining the boundaries of small business entities in Uzbekistan is that a number of business structures within the structure of small and medium-sized business entities were singled out. In particular, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to further stimulate the development of private entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized businesses" dated April 9, 1998, it was determined that small and medium-sized business (business) entities are individual entrepreneurs, microfirms, small enterprises and medium-sized enterprises. Another characteristic aspect of this process was clearly manifested, namely, the fact that the size of small business entities in terms of the number of employees is mainly decreasing. For example, the average annual number of employees in small
enterprises decreased by 2.5 times in construction, by 1.25 times in industry, wholesale trade, agriculture and other sectors of production, while the boundaries of science and scientific services, and other sectors of non-production remained unchanged. On the contrary, the number of employees in small enterprises in the retail sector increased by 2 times.As a result of further improvement of the quantitative boundaries of small and medium-sized businesses and strengthening of targeted measures to support them by the state, in order to create favorable conditions for the further development of small entrepreneurship, increase the share of the private sector in the economy, and ensure full employment of the population in the production sector, on August 30, 2003, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Amendments and Additions to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Measures to Further Encourage the Development of Private Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium-sized Businesses" was adopted. This Decree initiated the next stage in determining the boundaries of small businesses in our country. A characteristic feature of this stage was the more precise definition of the average annual number of employees employed in micro-firms and small enterprises by sector.
In conclusion, the tasks that must be carried out in the economy to ensure its effective implementation are as follows:
Regularly study the problems that hinder, hinder or may hinder the effective activities of small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the regions and take measures to eliminate them in a timely manner;
Effectively organize the processes of obtaining accurate information on vacant or underutilized buildings and structures in the region in a short time and providing them to small businesses and private entrepreneurship;
Identify the specific features of each region in order to create a more favorable environment for small businesses and private entrepreneurship and mobilize all opportunities based on them;
References
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2. Исабоева, Д., & Собиров, М. (2023). ТЕХНОГЕН ЧЩИНДИЛАРНИ НИТРАТ КИСЛОТАЛИ ПАРЧАЛАШ МАХСУЛОТЛАРИНИ 2-ФИЛЬТРЛАШ ЖАРАЁНИ. Экономика и социум, (10 (113)-1), 453-458.
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