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1
from phosphogypsum using raw materials. Additionally, it focuses on developing innovative and digital technologies to produce environmentally friendly products through advancements in chemical science and modern chemical technologies.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Geldinyyazov M. Natural resources of Turkmenistan and their processing. - A.: TDNG, 2010.
2. Eng&Tech Jornal vol 29. No4.2011 Study on the production of Ammonium sulfate Fertilizer from Phosphogymsum.
© Arazgylyjova A., Hasanova O., 2024
УДК 54
Myradova S.,
student. Ekayev M.,
teacher.
Oguz han Engineering and Technology university of Turkmenistan.
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF AMMONIUM ACETATE
Annotation
Ammonium acetate, a versatile salt of ammonia and acetic acid, plays a vital role in various industrial, agricultural, and scientific applications. This article discusses the production methods of ammonium acetate, focusing on its synthesis, purification, and scalability. Furthermore, it explores its applications in analytical chemistry, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental science, emphasizing its importance as a biodegradable, eco-friendly compound.
Key words:
ammonium acetate, production technology, industrial applications, analytical chemistry, agriculture, pharmaceuticals.
Ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) is a white crystalline solid known for its solubility in water and alcohol. It is widely used in buffer solutions, as a reagent in analytical chemistry, and in the pharmaceutical industry. Its eco-friendly nature and versatility make it an essential compound in both laboratory and industrial settings. This article provides a comprehensive overview of ammonium acetate's production methods and its diverse applications.
Production Technology
1. Synthesis
Ammonium acetate is primarily produced by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with acetic acid (CH3COOH):
NH3+CH3COOH^CH3COONH4
Batch Process: Ammonia gas is bubbled into a solution of acetic acid under controlled temperature and pressure conditions.
• Continuous Process: Acetic acid is mixed with gaseous or liquid ammonia in a flow reactor, optimizing yield and reducing reaction time.
2. Purification
After synthesis, impurities such as unreacted ammonia or acetic acid are removed:
• Recrystallization: The crude product is dissolved in hot water and then cooled to allow pure ammonium acetate crystals to form.
• Vacuum Drying: The crystals are dried under reduced pressure to eliminate residual moisture.
3. Scalability
The production process can be easily scaled for industrial applications, using advanced reactors and automation systems to enhance efficiency. Applications
1. Analytical Chemistry
Ammonium acetate is widely used as a buffer in:
• High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): To stabilize pH and enhance separation efficiency.
• Mass Spectrometry: As a volatile salt for ionization, reducing contamination and improving signal quality.
2. Pharmaceuticals
In the pharmaceutical industry, ammonium acetate is used:
• As a reagent in the synthesis of certain drugs.
• In formulations for intravenous solutions due to its compatibility with biological systems.
3. Agriculture
• Fertilizers: Provides nitrogen and acetate, essential nutrients for plant growth.
• Soil Conditioners: Enhances soil pH and nutrient absorption in acidic soils.
4. Environmental Science
• Biodegradability: Being non-toxic and easily decomposable, it is employed in eco-friendly industrial processes.
• De-icing Agents: Used in environmentally sensitive areas as an alternative to chloride salts.
5. Industrial Applications
• As a precursor in the production of synthetic fibers and plastics.
• As a stabilizer in the textile industry to improve dye adherence. Advantages of Ammonium Acetate
1. Eco-Friendly: Decomposes into non-toxic byproducts.
2. Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of applications.
3. Cost-Effectiveness: Produced using inexpensive raw materials.
Ammonium acetate's significance spans across multiple industries due to its unique chemical properties and ease of production. Continued advancements in production technology promise to expand its applications, especially in green chemistry and sustainable practices. Further research into optimizing synthesis and exploring novel applications will cement its role as an indispensable compound in modern science and industry.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Vogel, A. I. (1989). Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Longman.
2. Brown, T. L., & LeMay, H. E. (2014). Chemistry: The Central Science. Pearson.
3. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., & Holler, F. J. (2018). Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. Cengage Learning.
4. Hocking, M. B. (2005). Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control. Academic Press.
5. Mortimer, C. E. (2000). Chemistry: A Conceptual Approach. Wadsworth Publishing.
© Myradova S., Ekayev M., 2024
