CC BY
1
PERSPECTIVES OF USE OF MINERAL AND THERMAL WATERS FORMED IN TALISH TERRITORY
Ilqar Namazov1, Allahverdi Tagiyev2, Jafar Sharifov2
Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Open Joint Stock Company 2Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract
The risk of depletion of oil and gas resources, which the countries of the world have been using for many years, is increasing over time. Also, considering that the oil and gas sector is one of the main causes of climate change, it is necessary to move away from this type of fuel. In this case, there is a need to use alternative and renewable energy sources in the world. The research area is located in the southeastern part of Azerbaijan, where mineral-thermal water deposits have formed. Mineral-thermal water deposits of the region are divided into 3 groups (Masalli, Lankaran and Astara). The northern zone (Masalli group mineral waters) was mainly formed in the section consisting of the alternation of Paleogene cracked sandstones - siltstone and argillite. These waters belong to the chlorinated-sodium-calcium chemical composition and the degree of mineralization in the amount of 17 g/l. The water temperature reaches 64-66 0C. The central zone (Lankaran zone) is mainly formed in the intersection of Eocene cracked tuff-sandstones, argillite and siltstones, it has a chlorine-sodium-calcium chemical composition, the degree of mineralization is 5-6 g/l, the temperature is within the limits of 50 0C, it is completely nitrogenous, hydrogen-sulphide. has a gas content. The southern zone (Astara zone) has high mineralization (20 g/l), chlorine-sodium-calcium chemical composition, nitrogen, methane and hydrogen-sulfide gas content, water temperature is within 50 0C. The mineral waters discovered in the research area can be used for therapeutic purposes. The thermal waters formed in the research area can be used as a source of renewable energy.
Keywords: geothermal, natural hazards, climate change, renewable energy, consumption
I. introduction
The Talish area of Azerbaijan is characterized by a mountainous terrain that descends sharply towards the Caspian Sea in the north-eastern direction. Astara passes through the southern part of the territory, and Alashar-Burovar anticlinorium passes through the northern part, and they are separated from each other by the North-West oriented synclinorium. These tectonic elements are overthrusts, faults, etc. as a result, it has become more complicated [1].
There are more than 50 mountain rivers in the study area, relatively large rivers are Vilashchay, Lankaranchay, Tangeruchay, Boladichay, Astarachay and others. In the summer months, the waters of the rivers are completely used for irrigation, only Vilashchay, Lankaranchay and Astarachay go back to the Caspian Sea.
In 1964-1970, geological exploration works were carried out to study thermal waters in Talish zone (Astara, Lankaran and Masalli), for this purpose, 17 exploratory wells were dug and thermal waters with a temperature of 38-64 0C were discovered in all of these wells.
In the eastern part of the territory, mineral waters belong to the chlorinated type, in the northern part they are accompanied by hydrogen-sulfide and methane, and in the southern part they are accompanied by nitrogen gases [2].
The Talish wrinkle system consists of 3 zones stretching from the north-west to the south-east at a distance of 100 km in the general direction of the Caucasus and is located on the border with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The peaks of Giz Yurdu (2438 m), Kamyurkey (2477 m) are located here. Parallel to this zone and older than them, the 2nd zone passes the Peshtasar mountain system. The 3rd Alasha-Burovar range runs parallel to the 2 zones mentioned above.
River valleys and terraces with a complex structure, various formation features and an ancient history of development have further complicated the relief of the Talish horst-anticlinal uplift and caused their sharp division. Tectonic fractures and faults are formed along the river valleys and play a leading role in the natural outflow of mineral waters.
The Talish zone is separated from the Little Caucasus by the Araz depression. From the tectonic point of view, Talish zone consists of Astara, Burovar anticlinories, Lerik, Yardimli, Jalilabad synclinors. These tectonic elements are further complicated by uplifts and faults. They are composed of Paleogene and Neogene sediments.
Volcanic eruptions occurred in Talish in the early Eocene, and pyroclastic materials were brought here in the Oligocene and early Miocene.
The Talish fold area is the immediate eastern continuation of the central part of the Lesser Caucasus. It is composed of thin carbonate of the Upper Cretaceous and flysch sediments of the Paleogene - Lower Eocene. The small intrusive masses of the area are located in the Paleogene and belong to the alkaline basalt, diabase-diorite and gabbro-monsonite-syenite formations and form a single magmatic complex together with the underlying volcanic rocks.
Tectonically, the Talish mountain system is included in the northern wing of the Elburus megaanticlinorium as a first-order anticlinorium. The Talish mountain system is bordered by the Kura depression in the north, and extends towards the Caspian Sea in the east [3].
Based on the analysis of electro and seismological geophysical materials, it was determined that the thickness of the Quaternary sediments is related to the deep tectonics of the area, the thickness of the structures increases in the synclines and decreases in the anticlinal parts.
The main structures of the area are in the Transcaucasian direction, it is bordered by the Kura megasyncline in the north, and the Lankaran plain in the east.
In general, the structures formed in the area differ from each other according to their metallogenicity, geotectonic development, and seismicity. Between the settlements of Goytepe and Masalli, there are two Goytepe-Masalli anticlines, stretched in the direction of latitude, at a depth of 2000-2700 m, and they alternate with the Gizilagac anticline. Lankaran anticline, which is 28 km long and 500 m deep, is located in the anticline zone indicated above from the southwest side.
II. Methods
According to the research carried out in the research area, two groups of mineral water are distinguished here:
1. Masalli-Lenkoran-Astara mineral water group;
2. Assisted mineral water group
Masalli-Lenkoran-Astara mineral water group is spread in the confluence zone of mountainous and plain areas. Here, mineral water sources are hot, and highly profitable [4,5].
To the north, highly mineralized (17 g/l) hypothermal (64 0C) waters were found in Masalli (Arkivan) mineral water sources. These waters are carbonated and hydrogen sulphide. This indicates that they are likely to be in contact with oil-bearing rocks. Masalli-Lankaran-Astara mineral-thermal water deposits are spread at the junction of mountainous area and plain areas. Here, in particular, thermal water deposits are located (Fig. 1) [6,7,8].
V
Russian V ss
Federation i^Kh„Ual
Georgia /•Bl,i"k,\
. .......
^XJjf.it/jkliV
Armenia S • To»«/ <;>
' o
)|Vliii{>cchc\ir ' " ^ *nShaiuakhi
'a * i jox'c,u \ ^'«"^¡X
^ /v /—a- „ oM-drE^
BarVW -✓Kurdeniir H
O A|jatH-di ' O Audi m ^*^»ahirahad]
FGilwitii «Sfcfafii c/3
l V- VVyAin
V'oSnkVchi&n V
\ O
¡ran (
Talishy area
5 AMara
L E c. K N 1)
o
Talhh
Ahthcriin. li a Ii.i/.IIIII n. Rlluriul Darulag. Sirall
tliMi. K h.lll 14II \link4'nil. Mi^mi
I Ml. II KrllKtxr
1'crUI. Qiuanhulug. Ga/akh
20-10 "C >40T
( iilil natrr s 1111 ri j| > Natural lhii ni.il nalrr oulk'l* Uiinlt I s IiiMii fin I hi' ficltk
Figure 1: Mineral-thermal waters map of Azerbaijan
I. Masalli, (Arkivan) mineral water deposits are spread in the northern part of the territory. The degree of mineralization is 17 g/l, T-64 0C, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. This indicates that they are in contact with oil rocks [9,10].
II. There are Lankaran mineral-thermal water deposits in the central part of the area. The water temperature is 42-43 0C. The degree of mineralization is within 3 g/l. Waters contain nitrogen, sometimes accompanied by CO2.
III. The temperature of thermal water deposits in the south of the area is 38-50 0C, the degree of mineralization is within 20 g/l. It is mainly accompanied by nitrogen gas.
Below is information about natural outlets and exploratory wells drilled in these areas:
1. Alasha area (Astara region), nitrogenous, mineralization rate 22 g/l, chemical composition Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca. Among the specific components, H2S, J elements can be mentioned. Its temperature is 46.2 0C, consumption is 1 million l/day. Of course, there are 3 exits. Wells with a depth of 500 m have been dug here. Total consumption is estimated at 2500 thousand l/day. In addition to the Alasha area, there are 6 natural water outlets in the Astara region. The chemical composition is mainly HCO3-Cl-Na type. Total consumption is 2000 thousand l/day.
2. There are dozens of natural water outlets in Lankaran region. These are the following:
Meshesu thermal water field is nitrogen gas, the degree of mineralization is 3.9-5.9 g/l, and
the temperature is 15.5-42.8 0C. The chemical composition is Cl-Na-Ca type. Among the specific components, H2S is found in the trace of those waters. The total consumption is 1300 thousand l/day.
Ibadsu deposit - chemical composition is Cl-Na, mineralization rate is 3.6 g/l, temperature is 43-47 0C, consumption is 1 million l/day.
Gavzavua field - the degree of mineralization is 3.9-6.0 g/l, the chemical composition is Cl-Na type. Its temperature is 28 0C, consumption is 120 thousand l/day.
Khovt-Khaki deposit is an alternation of middle Oligocene siltstones and sandstones, chemical composition is Cl-Na type, methane (CH4) gas. An exploration well with a depth of 1013 m was dug in this field. Temperature 22.5-37.4 0C, consumption 700 thousand l/day.
Sapnakaran area - for the first time, the location of the exploration well was chosen as a result of geophysical research, 10-15 m away from the natural outlets of mineral-thermal waters.
At a depth of 882 m, from the tuff sandstones of the Arkivan formation, the well produced a fountain (40 l/s), the temperature was 39 0C (the well was drilled with water, clay solution was
used). Apart from those mentioned above, there are up to 20 natural outlets of mineral waters in Lankaran region; their temperature is 14-15 0C; the degree of mineralization was in the range of 0.6-8.8 g/l; chemical compositions are HCO3-Cl-Na, Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca.
Masalli district. Arkivan natural water outlet is characterized by alternation of upper Eocene siltstone, tuff sandstones and argillites.
H2S from specific components; methane gas (CH4); chemical composition - Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca; mineralization rate 16.7 g/l; temperature - 41-50 0C; consumption is 1 million l/day.
Douzutan - natural water outlet - alternation of argillite, tuff sandstones and siltstones of the Upper Eocene; methane gas (CH4); chemical composition is Cl-Na-Ca type; mineralization rate 17 g/l, temperature 63-64 0C, consumption 1.5 million l/day.
Itchy natural water outlet - alternation of Upper Eocene argillite, tuff sandstones and siltstones; chemical composition is Cl-Na-Ca type; spending 4 million l/day, its temperature is 66.1 0C (Table 1).
In addition, there are 7 natural water outlets in Masalli region. Their temperature is 15-52 0C. Mineralization rates are 0.9-17 g/l. Total consumption 1700 thousand l/day.
Table 1: Physico-chemical and gas composition of mineral and thermal waters opened by search and exploration wells
in Talish area
Spring, wells Depth, m T, °C pH Degree of mineralization, g/l Microelements Gas composition
Alasha, 7 33-240 49 7,1 21,33 Mn, Mg, Si, Al, Ti, Cu, Cr, Be, Zn -
Alasha, 4 245-310 50 7,3 21,97 Ba, Mn, Ti, St N2, He, Ar, O2, CO2, H2
Alasha, 15-T 28-35 49 6,9 19,49 Mn, Mg, Si,Ti -
Ala§a, 16-T 29-33 51 6,9 19,70 - -
Alasha, 17-T 37-60 49 7,0 16,62 - -
Alasha spring 48 6,8 19,25 Mn, Si, Al, Mo, Ba, Ti N2, He, Ar, H2, CO2, O2
Sapnakaran, 16 518-1000 36 7,6 36,33 Mn, Ti, Cu, Mo, Si -
Moshkhan, 13 240-450 22 7,0 35,05 - N2, C2H4, He, Ar, H2, O2, C2H6
Meshasu, 1 431-1000 39 6,8 7,26 Mn, Al, Ba, Si N2, CH4, Ar, He, C2H6, CO2-H2
Meshasu spring 38 7,1 4,40 Mn, Al, Ba, Si -
Ibadsu spring 44 8,2 3,50 - -
Havthoni 117-985 35 8,8 8,63 Mn, Al, Ba N2, CH4, He, Ar, O2, CO2-H2
Shaklyakudca, 15 859-886 37 7,3 13,63 Mn, Fe, Mg, Ti, Si, Al, Jr, Sr, Ba -
Arkivan-2 73-489 50 6,8 14,10 Mn, Ti, Ag, St -
Arkivan-3 390-430 44 6,8 9,66 Ba, Mn, Ti, Ag CH4, N2, He, Ar, H2, CO2, C2H2
Donuzuten spring 50 7,9 20,24 - -
Gotursu spring 64 7,8 14,16 Mn, Mg, Si, Al, Ti, Cu, Sr, Be CH4, N2, He, Ar, O2,CO2, H2, C2H6
Misharsu spring 43 7,2 1240 - CH4, N2, He, Ar, O2,CO2, H2, C2H6
In the central part of the territory, the Lankaran group of mineral waters are found, which have a slightly lower temperature (42-43 0C) at the water outlets and a low degree of mineralization (3 g/l). These waters are mainly accompanied by nitrogen and sometimes carbon dioxide.
The South Astara mineral water group is hot (38-50 0C) and highly mineralized (20 g/l) and is mainly accompanied by atmospheric nitrogen (Table 2).
The eastern thermal-mineral waters of the area are chlorine-sodium-calcium, typical for oil regions. Here, the excess water in the north-west direction is cold, hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium-sodium type (Ag Korpu) and is accompanied by nitrogen gas.
Table 2: Temperature parameters of the main natural thermal water springs of Talish area
Springs Consumption, m3/day Water temperature, 0C The amount of heat in the water coming to the surface of the earth
kkal. mVt
Gotursu 3974 64 1,53x1012 6,4x1010
Donuzuten 1555 64 5,98x10u 2,5x1010
Misharchay 121 43 2,44x1010 10,2x108
Bash Arkivan 302 50 7,92x1010 3,3x109
Meshesu 112 38 1,75x1010 7,3x108
Ibadsu 1123 42 2,05x10u 8,5x109
Havzavua 259 38 4,09x1010 1,7x109
Alasha 285 50 7,48x1010 3,1x109
Total 7731 - 2,56x1012 10,7x1010
Thermal waters widely spread in the research area have scientific and practical importance for the use in agriculture and many fields of industry. Unfortunately, nowadays, except for a few primitive cases, it has not been possible to use these waters widely.
III. Results
As a result of the tectonic movements in Talish area, the uplifts, faults, horses and disjunctive dislocations played a major role in the formation of mineral-thermal water deposits.
Mineral waters are widespread in the mountainous Talish area. Mineral waters are dominated by N2 and CH4 gases. In addition, CO2, He, Ar and other gases are also found. Also, the composition of the waters is rich in minerals. These mineral water deposits are considered important for treatment.
Thermal waters are widespread in Talish territory. So, the temperature of these thermal waters reaches up to 65 0C. It is believed that if deeper wells are drilled, the temperature may be even higher.
The relatively widespread distribution of thermal waters in the Talish zone can be used as a renewable energy source in our modern times, taking into account its high thermal energy capacity.
References
[1] Tagiev, I. I., Tagiev, A. Sh. (2016). Current state and general objectives of the use of mineral and thermal waters in Azerbaijan. Eurasian Scientific Association, 2(10), 177-178. (in Russian)
[2] Geology of Azerbaijan. 2008. Vol. VIII. Hydrogeology. Baku, Nafta-Press. 380 p.
[3] Israfilov, Yu.H, Israfilov, R.H., Guliyev, H.H., Efendiyev, G.M. 2016. Risk assessment of the water resources losses of the Azerbaijan republic due to climate changes. news of ANAS, Earth Sciences, № 3-4. 37-47.
[4] Taghiyev A.Sh. Climate change and water resources management. International Scientific Cenference on Sustainable Development. Baku, 24-25 november, 2017. 55-61.
[5] Taghiyev A.Sh. Hydrogeological conditions of the Ganykh-Ayrichay basin and prospects for the use of groundwater. Proceedings of the conference, PART II, pp.201-203.
[6] Tagiyev, I.I., Ismailova, M.M., Karimov, V.M., Sharifov, J.J. (2022). Prospects for using thermal water in Kalbajar district and other regions (Azerbaijan) as an alternative energy. // Reliability: Theory & Applications, 17(SI 3 (66)), 76-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/1932-2321-2022-366-76-81
[7] Tagiev I.I. 2001. Status and problems of protection of the environment and nature use in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ministry of Science and Technology of the USSR, Moscow.
[8] Tagiev, I.I., Kerimov, V.M. 2021. Prospects for the development of alternative energy and the use of thermal waters in Azerbaijan. // Ural Geolog. Journal. 3 (141). 51-57.
[9] Mustafayeva, E.M., Tagiyev, A.Sh. (2023). Perspective of using groundwater in the Ganikh-Ayrichay foothills. // Reliability: Theory & Applications, 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/1932-2321-2023-575-136-141
[10] Rzaeva, S.M., Tagiyev A.Sh. and Zeynalova S.A. Impact of climate change on the groundwater of the Ganikh-Ayrichay foothills. // Reliability: Theory & Applications 17.SI 4 (70) (2022): 180-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/1932-2321-2022-470-180-187
