19Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники
УДК 339.98
Обрезанова Арина Алексеевна Obrezanova Arina Alexeevna
Студент Student
Сибирский государственный университет путей и сообщения (СГУПС)
Siberian Transport University (STU), Хрусталёва Татьяна Анатольевна Khrustaleva Tatiana Anatolevna
Старший преподаватель Senior teacher
Сибирский государственный университет путей
сообщения (СГУПС) Siberian Transport University (STU)
ОСНОВНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОМ РЕГИОНЕ РФ НА 2020 ГОД
MAIN FOREIGN ECONOMIC CHALLENGES FOR THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST IN 2020
Аннотация. Дальний Восток России стремительно развивается и привлекает внимание других экономически развитых стран, например, Китая. На фоне сегодняшней ситуации в мире внешнеэкономическая деятельность Российского Дальнего Востока в ближайшее время начнет играть значительную роль на мировой арене. На сегодняшний день активно развивается сотрудничество по приоритетным направлениям: торговля, приграничные связи, инновационное взаимодействие. Политика добрососедства является центральной среди экономических приоритетов России и Китая в пределах Дальневосточного региона, распространяется на сопредельные страны или близкие к России и Китаю государства. Стратегическое партнерство между Россией и Китаем означает согласование их внешнеполитических приоритетов и инициатив, но непосредственно затрагивает сферу их экономических отношений, там, где оно взаимовыгодно. При этом правительство Российской Федерации делает всё возможное для развития внешней экономики нашей страны.
Abstract. The Russian Far East is a rapidly developing region attracting the attention of other economically developed countries, such as China. Against the background of the current situation in the world, the foreign economic activity of the Russian Far East will soon begin to play a significant role in the world arena. Today, cooperation between Russia and China is actively developing in priority areas: trade, cross-border ties, innovative interaction. The good-neighborliness policy is
II Международная научно-практическая конференция central among the economic priorities of our cooperation, extending to neighboring nations or states close to Russia and China. Strategic partnership between two countries means coordinating their foreign policy priorities and initiatives, but it directly affects the sphere of their economic relations, where it is mutually beneficial. At the same time, the government of the Russian Federation is doing their best to develop the external economy of Russia.
Ключевые слова: Дальний Восток России, региональная политика, международная торговля, новая экономическая география, Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион.
Key words: Russian Far East, regional policy, international trade, new economic geography, Asia-Pacific region.
The development of the Far East is a national priority for the 21st century, according to Putin's words at the annual Eastern Forum. But so far, all efforts to improve the Far East have not fully met expectations. New foreign trade projects have always been developed for the Far East. These projects are aimed at strengthening relations with neighboring countries.
The main mission of the Far Eastern policy of the Russian Federation includes such aspects as "the formation and development of advanced socio-economic territories with favorable conditions for attracting investments and labor resources to the Far Eastern Federal District, improving the citizens' quality of life."[1]
The first reason for active economic development is the consolidation of the region's administrative and economic influence. Moscow has a new state ministry for the Far East and plans to create a giant state-owned company that will be responsible for the Far East and Eastern Siberia. Massive public investments in the amount of $ 31 billion have been allocated from the budget to raise the economy, infrastructure and living standards of the Far East. [2]
The second important direction of the strategy is to strengthen economic ties with Russia's neighbors in the Asia-Pacific region. According to some recent estimates, Russia accounts for only about one percent of Asia-Pacific regional trade; Russia is deliberately pivoting east to capitalize on the future of the Far East in the dynamic and fast-growing economy of the Pacific region, in contrast to the sluggish, stagnant and crisis-prone economy of the European Union.
Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники In terms of the main foreign investors in the Russian Far East, China is the dominant trading partner as regards the border provinces. It is considered a vital market for the most important goods of the Russian Far East, such as metals, coal and timber, and is an important supplier: food, clothing and electronic products to consumers in the Russian Far East. In fact, most of the population of the Russian Far East is already economically integrated with China.
Russia and China have evolved a close-fitting strategic partnership in recent years, and the partnership right now is riding high. But it also includes a strong component of cross-border economic integration. According to a recent agreement reached between Russian and Chinese leaders, Russia plans to increase the oil supply to China from 15 million tons per year currently to 45 to 50 million barrels possibly as early as 2018. Already, China is Russia's largest trading partner.[3]
The next important aspect of foreign economic activity is trade. The Far East of Russia and China have a good potential to start cooperation within the framework of a free trade zone in 2020. However, opponents of a full-fledged free trade zone between Russia and China usually argue that the Russian market will be flooded with Chinese goods. However, this statement is no longer valid. First, the devaluation of the ruble has sharply strengthened the position of domestic producers in comparison with their Chinese competitors. Second, due to the transformation of China's socio-economic model, the export promotion has ceased to be a key priority in this country.
"The next pressing issue in the development of the Far East is trading of internal resources. There are two areas - energy development and its transshipment through the territory of Russia - that can attract large foreign financing. Energy demand in East Asia is expected to grow" [4]. Some of the growing requirement in East Asia can be met by oil and natural gas from the Sakhalin continental shelf. The consortia are comprised of American, Japanese, and Russian companies that have begun the first two phases of the Sakhalin development project.
To the current time, work is underway on more than 1,500 investment projects.[5] Each priority project is supported by a state fund. The volume of investments under the agreements is 3.8 trillion rubles. Small and medium businesses
II Международная научно-практическая конференция in China were inspired by the opportunities that had opened up and they invested in many promising projects, such as housing, real estate, and improved logistics.
By the end of the year, the construction of two joint Russian-Chinese cross-border projects, most important for the Far East, will be completed: the road bridge between Blagoveshchensk and Heihe and the railway bridge between the village of Nizhneleninskoye in the Jewish Autonomous Region and Tongjiang. These are the first bridges across the Amur River between our countries.[6]
The prospects for the development of international investment cooperation in the Far Eastern Federal District largely depend on the ability of the regional authorities to create "competitive conditions for investment and business for investors, implementing the best world practices." International transport corridors passing through the Far East, "Primorye-1" and "Primorye-2" provide an outlet for goods from the northeastern provinces of China to ice-free seaports and reduce the transport length by 250-400 km.
Last year, the ministry agreed to increase the volume of transit cargo supplies along the Primorye-2 route to 30 million tons by 2030 with the Tumenjiang Regional Development Committee under the Jilin Provincial Government. The starting point in the formation of attractive sites was the analysis of the conditions for investing and doing business in the Asia-Pacific countries and the Far East.
According to the General Administration in Customs China, "the bilateral trade turnover for 2020 between China and Russia in the first quarter of this year increased by 3.4%. As the official representative of the department Gao Feng said at a press conference, the trade turnover between the two countries amounted to $ 25.35 billion. "[7]
Over the past decade, the region has made notable strides in expanding its trading partners and attracting significant foreign investment, especially in Sakhalin's offshore oil and gas projects. However, for Putin, support for the economic development of the Far East comes second to his goal of restoring effective political control over fractious but resource-rich regions. However, preventing political disintegration is not the solution to the problem of integrating the region into Asia. Until the more fundamental
Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники issues of regional economic and political development are resolved, the Russian Far East is unlikely to play more than a marginal role in the Pacific region.
In the Northern and Central Asian directions, China is interested in energy projects with Russia, it supports multilateral interaction within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. However, as practice shows, in the foreseeable future, these structures are unlikely to be able to take a leading place in the Russian-Chinese energy sector and form a common market for the transit of Central Asian energy resources. In the framework of the Eastern Economic Forum held in Vladivostok in 2019, most of the economic projects of foreign participants were presented by China. The main drawback of Russian-Chinese cross-border cooperation remains the implementation of key investment projects on Russian territory. There is no mechanism for coordinating priority projects with the Chinese side and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.[8]
In turn, government agencies and large Russian business have expressed their readiness to invest their capital in the development of the manufacturing sectors of the economy, although the experience of China shows that in order to effectively attract foreign investment, there should be more own investments.
In the long term, China's strategy within the framework of regional organizations in relation to the Far East will be determined both by its relations with major regional powers and by the internal political climate in the country. And in such conditions, Russia needs to propose its projects of economic interaction, which will be beneficial to all participating countries. At the same time, one should not abandon cooperation in the field of security, which has proven its worth during the existence of the organizations.
Summing up the analysis of the foreign economic activity of the Russian Far East, we can say that the growing interest of Asian States in diversifying energy supplies and finding less expensive East-West shipping routes has focused attention on the potential opportunities of the Russian Far East, so political leaders in Moscow are trying to integrate the region more fully into the Asian economy.
II Международная научно-практическая конференция
References:
1. Russian Federation. Prime Minister (2020,M.V. Mishustin.) National Program for the Development of the Russian Far East [Text],M., 2020,http://government.ru/docs/40487/ (Date of the request 10.10.2020)
2. «The Far East will receive support from the federal budget for 2019-2021» -[Electronic resource] - https://minvr.gov.ru/press-center/news/19858/( Date of the request: 10.10.2020)
3. Xi Jinping's visit to Myanmar - [Electronic resource] -http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2020/0117/c415928-9649709.html ( Date of the request: 10.10.2020)
4. Daniel Yergin, Dennis Eklof., «Fueling Asia's Recovery» Foreign Affairs, vol. 77, no. 2 (March/ April 1998).
5. Results of the Eastern Economic Forum - 2019 [Economic resource] -https://forumvostok.ru/outcomes-of-the-eef-2019/ (Date of request: 10.10.2020)
6. Far Eastern Federal District is the most investment successful region of the country - [Electronic resource] https://minvr.gov.ru/press-center/news/15292/(Date of request: 10.10.2020)
7. China is ready to complete construction of transport corridors "Primorye-1" and "Primorye-2" -[Electronic resource] https://primamedia.ru/news/849730/ (Date of request: 10.10.2020)
8. Construction of a border bridge over the Amur, p.22 - [Electronic resource] http://www.giprostroymost.ru (Date of request: 10.10.2020)
