13ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-316-321
ON THE PROBLEM OF COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE MODE OF ACTION IN PASHTO AND RUSSIAN
Eleonora Ilsurovna Zamaleeva
Researcher, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies anora_294@mail.ru
ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the problem of comparative analysis, historical approaches to the study of this topic, as well as what views were made of the types of circumstances of the mode of action, expressed by adverbs such as: simple, complex, suffixed and prefixed in the last previous types, it is noted in what way these circumstances of the image are formed actions.
In terms of the functional features of adverbs, it is worth noting that an adverb always performs the function of a circumstance in a sentence. For example, the circumstances of time, place, degree, or mode of action.
In the adverbialization characteristic of the adverbs of the Pashto language, it can be noted that in this paragraph the process of the transition of adverbs to other parts of speech is considered.
In the Pashto language, a circumstance is divided into simple, complex, suffixal and prefixal groups.
Keywords: structure, circumstance of the course of action, simple complex, suffix, prefix.
1. On the problem of comparative study of the grammatical category of the circumstances of the mode of action in Pashto and Russian
Recently, in modern linguistic science, the study of the topic on the comparative study of related and unrelated languages has been widely attracted. In this regard, a number of doctoral (PhD) works by K.A. Rakhmatjonova have been written on the comparative-comparative analysis of grammatical categories -"Comparative-typological study of grammatical categories of number and case in Hindi and Uzbek languages", N.A. Turapova - "Comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units of the Japanese and Uzbek languages (linguoculturological aspect ", as well as the work (DSC) of Z. Ya. Sadikov -" Comparative analysis of the German and English translations of "Kutadgu Bilig" by Yusuf Khas-Khadzhiba
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-316-321
"published dozens of articles for example (A.M. Zurov "Comparative method in the study and teaching of foreign languages", S. T. Magomedova. And S. Kh. Hasanova "Comparative analysis of grammatical categories of Russian and native languages as the basis of teaching bilingual students", G. Yakobsson's article "Towards a theoretical basis comparative description of languages ", as well as the scientific work of O.M. Vinnikova" Comparative-comparative method with simultaneous teaching carried several foreign languages "and individual monographs such monographs as VG Gak" Comparative lexicology "and others.
Nevertheless, in this regard, the study of foreign and oriental languages in a comparative aspect is still far behind.
As for the comparative study of the Pashto language with other languages, in this regard, Pashto does not occur in dissertation research works, except that in some grammatical aids of the Pashto language, one way or another for an example or in comparison with individual concepts and categories of Pashto, the concepts of comparing individual examples or grammatical categories primarily with the Russian language. This applies to Russian grammars. As for the works, including grammatical essays, in Afghanistan, the use of methods of comparative study of languages, including Pashto, has not yet been observed.
Currently, the Pashto language, as one of the official languages of Afghanistan, has great weight and authority among other languages of this country and the interest in learning this language is gradually increasing in foreign countries. Grunberg "Sketch of the grammar of the Afghan language (pashto)", L.S. Yatsevich "Textbook of the Pashto language", K.A. Lebedev "Pashto Grammar", S. Rishtin "Pashto Grammar", Penzl N, Sloan I. "A Grammar of Pashto: A Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan", AD Boyle "Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects ".
The Pashto language has been studied for more than fifty years in Tashkent at the Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, and specialists in both the Pashto language and the history of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan are trained in it. Textbooks have been written, special courses are read for students and undergraduates, however, the practical study of this language and the issue of its research is not at the proper level. In our opinion, at this stage, the question of the comparative-comparative study of Pashto with other languages, especially Russian, is very relevant. Since the Pashto language belongs to the Indo-European language family and many linguo-grammatical features of the Pashto language have a typological similarity with the Russian language, in this regard, the study in a
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-316-321
comparative aspect with Russian contributed in the future to writing a full-fledged scientific grammar of the modern Pashto language, and would also help practical the study of this language of the Russian-speaking audience, and it is worth noting that such work would actively contribute to the creation of comparative grammar, textbooks and dictionaries.
Based on the foregoing, we set the goal as a scientific study of the work to consider one of the interesting aspects of the grammatical category, which is difficult for a foreign audience, the category of the way of action of the Pashto and the Russian language.
In terms of our research, at this stage, we intend to consider the circumstances of the way of action of the Pashto and the Russian language, such as:
1.Structures
2 semantics
3.Typologies
4.Classifications
5 stylistics
6.Morphology
7.Syntax
2. The relevance of research
The relevance of the study in a detailed study of the structural-semantic comparative analysis of the circumstances of the mode of action in Pashto and Russian, as well as the study of the circumstance-mode of action as an adverb, as well as in the need for a full-scale multi-aspect description of the semantics of all adverbs of the mode of action both in Russian and in Pashto language literary juxtaposition. It should be noted that at the moment there are no scientific works in the Pashto language and Russian, in which the structure and semantics of the circumstances of the mode of action would be an independent object of description. As a rule, the question of the semantic specifics of the circumstances of the course of action becomes secondary in the multidimensional description of adverbs: semantaco-syntactic, semantic-derivational. The semantisation of the circumstances of the mode of action in numerous explanatory and synonymous dictionaries of the Pashto language and the Russian literary language is not systematized, sometimes inconsistent and contradictory, thus, a complete analysis of the circumstances of the mode of action as a separate object of research has not yet been described, there is no semantic classification that includes all meanings of the circumstance the mode of
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-316-321
action both in Pashto and in Russian, therefore, the linguistic description of the circumstances of the mode of action based on the material of literary sources should be investigated in full. Existing Pashto grammar textbooks in Russian have played a large role in teaching students to this day1. They are still in use today. However, the further deepening of the comprehensive study of the language and culture of our southern neighbor is undoubtedly the imperative of the times.
From this point of view, the need for a deeper comprehensive comparative analysis of the circumstances of the mode of action of the Pashto language and the Russian language determines the relevance of the topic of this study.
This topic is one of such questions. Has not been studied in Afghanistan or beyond. However, in certain normative documents, this issue was touched upon in the existing ones in Pashto, Russian, Uzbek and English as one of the normative rules of the grammar of Pashto and Russian.
This topic is one of such questions. Has not been studied in Afghanistan or beyond. However, in certain normative documents this issue was touched upon in the existing ones in Pashto, Russian, Uzbek and English as one of the normative rules of the grammar of Pashto and Russian.
Conclusions
In recent decades, the interest in comparative research has increased significantly in world linguistics. Despite this, comparative linguistics has not yet received full citizenship rights.
In order for comparative linguistics to take its rightful place among other branches of linguistics, it is necessary to further develop the theoretical foundations of this discipline (expansion and clearly substantiated formulation of the tasks of comparative linguistics, development of its principles, improvement of the comparative analysis methodology, selection of parameters for comparison).
Based on the achievements of typology and descriptive linguistics, comparative linguistics can now solve a complex of theoretical and applied (linguodidactic) problems.
This article addresses the following range of issues:
1) the comparative nature of the circumstances of the mode of action of the Pashto and the Russian language is determined.
1 Lebedev K.A. "Grammar of the Pashto language" - Moscow, 1970, - P. 2 Academic Research, Uzbekistan 319
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-316-321
2) the comparative semantic and structural characteristics of the circumstances of the mode of action of the Pashto and the Russian language are distinguished.
3) identifies the common components of the semantics of the circumstances of the mode of action on the example of literary discourse.
4) reveals a kind of similarity in the circumstances of the mode of action when creating a newspaper discourse in Pashto and Russian.
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Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
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