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66
ISSN 1810-0198. Вестник Тамбовского университета. Серия Естественные и технические науки
Том 23, № 121
2018
DOI: 10.20310/1810-0198-2018-23-121-5-9
ON DISCRETENESS OF SPECTRUM OF A SECOND ORDER FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL OPERATOR
< S. M. Labovskiy
Plekhaiiov Russian University of Economics 36, Stremyanny lane, Moscow 117997. Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. Necessary and sufficient conditions for discreteness of spectrum for the singular second order functional differential operator of the form
—!-y ^ (р(ж)и')' + q{x)u J u(s)r(x,ds)^j , xV (a,b),
С > a < b > €
are obtained.
Keywords: discreteness of spectrum; functional differential operator
1. The main results.
Let be the functional differential operator defined by
u(x) := —Í— (( p(x)u')' + q(x)u f u(s)r(x,ds) ) , x V (a, b), (1.1)
PKX) \ Ja }
e > a < b > e . Let / := (a, b). Recall that the spectrum of an operator A acting in a Hilbert space H is discrete if it consists only of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity (see, for example, [7]). Let L2Í/, p) be the space of square integrable on / with a positive measurable weight p functions. In this space the question about discreteness of spectrum of the differential operator
u = -( (pu)' + qu), xV I = (a,6), (1.2)
P
is well studied. In the case (a, b) = ( € , € ) , for the operator u" + qu a simple sufficient condition lim^oo g(x) = +€ was obtained by K. Fricdrichs [3]. The following necessary and sufficient condition was obtained by A. M. Molchanov [1]:
rx+S
{£& > 0) lim / q(x)dx = . (1.3)
^^ Jx
Note that Molchanov studied the 71-dimcnsional space Rn. The condition (1.3) is a spccial particular case for n = 1, In the case q = 0 for the operator (1 /p)(pu')' a necessary
6
S. M. Labovskiy
and sufficient condition is obtained by I. Kac and M.G. Krein [2]. M. Birman [6] obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for an operator of even order on semiaxis [0, E ). Under condition p(x) dx < E for the operator
0«= (1 /p)u"
the Birman's condition has the form
pOC
lira s
/CO
p(x)dx = 0. (1.4)
If p(x) dx = E , the condition
roc
lim s / p(x) dx = 0 Js
together with (1.4) guaranties discreteness of spectrum of (1 /p)u" . This second singularity is by cause of non-intcgrability of p at the point x = 0 . This follows from the result of Kac and Krcin [2] but it is not easy to see this at once.
Assume that the functions p, p and q are measurable, p, p are positive in /, the function q is non-negative. For almost all x V I the r(x, (J) is a measure, that can be defined by a non-decreasing function r(x, s). Assume that
q{x) ooI)
almost everywhere on /. Assume that 1/p and p are locally intcgrablc in I, that is
fS2 dx fs2
/ —r^r < e , I p{x) dx < E , (a < si <s2< b). (1.5)
Js\ P\x) ./Si
Say that has singularity at x = a by p(x) if
dx
J a
= e , a < s < b.
la P(x)
Analogously we mean singularities by p and at x = b (4 cases). It is clear that the singularity at the right end of the interval can be considered similarly to the left. Moreover, the singularity at the right end can be reduced to the singularity at the left end by the change of variable x = x'. Thus, we can consider some singularity only at the left end of I.
fb dx fb
/ —-7- < e and / p(x)dx<E (a<.s<b). (1.6)
Js P\x) Js
Only one type of singularity is allowed. We have to consider two cases: the first is
and the second is
fs rs dx
lp{x)dx = e'lw)<e (L7)
fs dx fs
Lwre'Lp(x)ix<e (L8)
for any s V / . Let
<Ms) = / / P(x)dx, <I'2(s) = f p(x)dx f
Ja p(x) J s Ja Js
1 dx p(x)
Theorem 1. Suppose one of the following conditions holds:
lim <&!(s) = 0 or lim<I'2(s) = 0.
Then the spectrum of the operator is discrete. These conditions are necessary if for example the function q(x) is bounded.
Remark 1. From this theorem it follows the sufficient discreteness condition in [4,5].
REFERENCES
1. Molchanov A.M. Ob usloviyakh diskretnosti spektra dlya samosopryazhennykh uravneniy vtorogo poryadka [On conditions of discreteness of the spectrum for selfadjoint second order differential equations]. Trudy Moskovskogo matematicheskogo obshchestva [Proceedings of Moscow Mathematical Society], 1953, no. 2, pp. 169-199. Zbl 0052.10201. (In Russian).
2. Kats I., Kreyn M.G. Kriteriy diskretnosti spektra singulyarnoy struny [Criteria for the discreteness of the spectrum of a singular string]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Mate-matika [Bulletin of Higher Education Institutions. Mathematics], 1958, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 136-153. Zbl 0272.34094, MR139804 34.30. (In Russian).
3. Friedrichs K. Spektraltheorie halbbeschr ankter operatoren und anwendung auf die spektralzerlegung von differentialoperatoren. Math. Ann., 1934, no. 109, pp. 465-487, 687-713. Zbl 0008.39203 & Zbl 0009.07205, MR1512905 & MR1512919.
4. Labovskiy S. On the Sturm-Liouville problem for a linear singular functional-differential equation. Russ. Math., 1996. vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 50-56. (English. Russian original. Translation from Iz Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat., 1996, vol. 11, no. 414, pp. 48-53). Zbl 0909.34070, MR1442139 (97m:34120).
5. Labovskiy S. On spectral problem and positive solutions of a linear singular functional-differential equation. Functional Differential Eguations, 2013, vol. 20, no. 3-4, pp. 179-200.
6. Birman M.Sh. O spektre singulyarnykh kraevykh zadach [On the spectrum of singular boundary-value problems]. Matematicheskiy sbornik [Sbornik: Mathematics]. 1961, vol. 55, no. 2. pp. 125174. Zbl 0104.32601, MR142896. (In Russian).
7. Birman M.S., Solomjak M.Z. Spectral Theory of Self-Adjoint Operators in Hilbert Space. Holland, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1987. Zbl 0744.47017.
Received 18 January 2018
Reviewed 06 February 2018
Accepted for press 20 February 2018
Labovskiy Sergey Mikhailovich, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, the Russian Federation, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of the Higher Mathematics Department, e-mail: [email protected]
For citation: Labovskiy S.M. O discretnosti spectra funkcionalno-different:ialnogo operatora vtorogo poiyadka [On discreteness of spectrum of a second order functional differential operator]. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki - Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences. 2018, vol. 23, no. 121, pp. 5-9. DOI: 10.20310/1810-0198-2013-23-121-5-9 (In Russian, Abstr. in Engl.).
8
S. M. Labovskiy
УДК 517.929.7
DOI: 10.20310/1810-0198-2018-23-121-5-9
О ДИСКРЕТНОСТИ СПЕКТРА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО ОПЕРАТОРА
ВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова» 117997, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, Стремянный пер., 36 Е-таЛ: [email protected]
Аннотация. Получены необходимые и достаточные условия дискретности спектра для сингулярного дифференциального оператора вида
— , х V (а. Ь), £ > а < Ь > е . Р(
Ключевые слова: дискретность спектра; функционально-дифференциальный оператор
1. Молчанов A.M. Об условиях дискретности спектра для самосопряженных уравнений второго порядка // Труды Московского математического общества. 1953. № 2. С. 169-199. Zbl
2. Кац И., Крейн М.Г. Критерий дискретности спектра сингулярной струны // Известия высших учебных заведений. Математика. 1958. Т. 3. № 2. С. 136-153. Zbl 0272.34094, MR139804 34.30.
3. Friedrichs К. Spektraltheorie halbbeschrankter operatoren unci anwendung auf die spektralzerlegung von different laloper at or en // Math. Ann. 1934. № 109. P. 465-487, 687-713. Zbl 0008.39203 h Zbl 0009.07205, MR1512905 k MR1512919.
4. Labovskii S. On the Sturm-Liouville problem for a linear singular functional-differential equation jj Russ. Math. 1996. Vol. 40. № 11. P. 50-56. (English. Russian original. Translation from Iz Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat., 1996, vol. 11, no. 414, pp. 48-53). Zbl 0909.34070, MR1442139 (97m:34120).
5. Labovskiy S. On spectral problem and positive solutions of a linear singular functional-differential equation // Functional Differential Equations. 2013. Vol. 20. № 3-4. P. 179-200.
6. Бирман М.Ш. О спектре сингулярных краевых задач // Мат. сб. 1961. Т. 55. № 2. С. 125— 174. Zbl 0104.32601, MR142896.
7. Birman M.S. and Solomjak M.Z. Spectral Theory of Self-Adjoint Operators in Hilbert Space. Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1987. Zbl 0744.47017.
< С. M. Лабовский
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
0052.10201.
Поступила в редакцию 18 января 2018 г. Прошла рецензирование 06 февраля 2018 г. Принята в печать 20 февраля 2018 г.
Лабовский Сергей Михайлович, Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова, г. Москва, Российская Федерация, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент кафедры высшей математики, e-mail: [email protected]
Для цитирования: Лабовский С.М. О дискретности спектра функционально-дифференциального оператора второго порядка // Вестник Тамбовского университета. Серия Естественные и технические науки. Тамбов, 2018. Т. 23. № 121. С. 5-9. БОТ: 10.20310/1810-0198-2018-23-121-5-9
