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where, k — the number of independent loops in the mechanism, f — the total number of mobility, or the number of kinematic pairs of the fifth grade.
In the general theory of machines and mechanisms, each elastic mechanism unit available in the mobility increases by one. Effect of elastic links in the mechanisms of a certain degree of mobility does not take into account mechanisms. Thus, when using a composite rotational kinematic pairs, are not considered when determining the degree of mobility of the lever battenmechanism. It should be noted that the inclusion in the system of elastic elements reduce
It is therefore proposed a new formula for determining the degree of mobility of the lever mechanisms in view of elastic elements: W = 6n-5P5 + ny + q (5)
wherein, «^-elastic connections number between the components and the kinematic pairs, as well as elastic elements in composite kinematic pairs.
For lever mechanism of the batten of the weaving machine shown in Fig. 1 b, define the degree of mobility:
W = 3n-2P5-P4 = 1 (6)
As can be seen from Fig. 1 b, the mechanism have one degree of freedom. Therefore, from (5) can determine the amount of redundant links.
q = W-6n + 5P5-n = 1-18 + 20-2 = 1
y
So one elastic connection reduces the number of redundant connections to the unit. Therefore, to eliminate redundant links in the lever-hinge mechanism of the loom batten Prerequisites:
q = ny;
Then, taking into account the inclusion in the mechanism of the required number of elastic elements can eliminate redundant links, q = 0.
Wherein: W-6n + 5P5-ny = 0 and ny = W-6n + 5P5 (7)
For the reporting mechanism (see Fig. 1c) ny = 3.
Taking into account the proposed formulas (5) and (7) can be converted Ozola's formula [3] in the following form: q = W + 6k-f-n where, k — the number of independent paths in the shaft couplings, for this case, k = 1; f = 4; ny = 3; q = 0.
Therefore, for the complete elimination of redundant links in the kinematic pairs of hinged lever battenmechanism further including spring shock absorber — energy storage between the batten and the machine housing. At the same time in contact with the rocker springs in the mechanism are no redundant links, and apart from the rocker springs redundant connections is one.
Recommended method can be used for the hinged-lever mechanisms of any complexity.
References:
1. Surina N. F., Novikov A. K. "Equipment of flax weaving industry" Publisher "Light industry" - Moscow, - 1965, - P. 273-276.
2. Fundamentals of the theory, design and calculation of textile machinery, - M., "Mechanical Engineering", - 1975, - P. 217-221.
3. Artobolevsky I. I., Theory of mechanisms and machines, "Science", - 1975.
4. Baranov G. G. Course of theory of mechanisms and machines, - M., "Mechanical Engineering", - 1975.
5. Patent Rep. of Uzb. Batten mechanism of the loom. A. Juraev, Sh. Madrakhimov, IAP 20160154.
6. Juraev A. and others. The theory of mechanisms and machines. Ed. G. Gulyama, - Tashkent, - 2004, - P. 592.
7. Akulov V. J., Determination of redundant links and mobility in the mechanisms". "Engineering", - No 4, - 1977.
8. Portgiter F. M., Application of universal joints in agricultural machinery. Se of translations, "Agricultural Engineering" - 1954.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-11.12-138-140
Xudoyorov Anvarjon Nazirjonovich, Candidate of the technical sciences, assistant professor.
Mamadaliev Maxammadjon Xabibullayevich, Candidate of the technical sciences, assistant professor.
Muradov Rahimjon Xakimjonovich, Senior scientific employee researcher, PhD in Technique, Yuldasheva Matluba Ashuraliyevna, Researcher, assistant of the Faculty of Agro-engineering, Agricultural Institute of Andijan, the Republic of Uzbekistan.
E-mail: [email protected]
Motivation of the geometric form of looseners working surface of multifunction unit
Abstract: Results of the studies are brought in the article on motivation working surfaces of the geometric form of loosener multifunction unit. In the clause the results of the given researches on substantiation the geometrical form friableness working surface of the combined unit are given.
Keywords: geometric, multifunction, substantiation, friableness, cultivation, cotton plant, chisel-tillers, working organs, wedge-shape, compress, perpendicular, monolith, concave, protuberant, stretches, parameters, expenses, theoretical, experimental, contrast, velocity, fractions.
The destruction of the layer under influence working organ of ground can occur both because of the shift and take-off and a ground processing machines depending on their forms and pa- consequence of preliminary compression of ground by working rameters, depths of processing and physical-mechanical characters organ [1, 327-328].
Motivation of the geometric form of looseners working surface of multifunction unit
At present processing of ground under cultivation of cotton plant and other agricultural plants is realized by chisel-tillers and other machines with flat wedge-shaped form working organs.
As it is known [1, 328-329; 2, 44-45], when moving flat wedge-shaped form working organs (Fig. 1, a) ground is com-
pressed first in perpendicular direction in planes of the wedge, but then, when appearing tension in it reaches the critical limit, the shift or take-off of the layer on planes occurs, bent to direction of the motion at an angle f. As a result prism-shaped clod is separated form soil monolith.
Figure 1. Deforming the ground layer under influence; a) flat, b) protuberant, c) concave
If the form of working surfaces of working organ is found in longitude-vertical plane having curvilinear type then ground layer here with decays, compresses and is under affect of other deformations.
If the form working surfaces ofloosening paws is protuberant (Fig. 1, b), then the layer at compression in longitudinal direction sprawls, that is point m ofthe layer on the part ofworking organ is compressed at distance z and stretches on distance l. This brings to improvement of cutting ground and decreasing tractive resistance of ground.
But if the form of working surface of loosening paw is executed in concave type (Fig. 1, v), then layer is compressed in perpen-
dicular and vertical directions (compressed layer for point m accordingly is Az and Al). This is because of increasing energy spending when processing the ground.
Coming from above stated for qualitative processing of ground with minimum expenses of the energy for processing of ground the form of working surface of loosening paw must be protuberant.
On the base of main researches there were made and practiced loosening paws of the form which were flat, concave and protuberant [3, 23-24].
Table 1. - Results of comparative studies of testing loosening paw with different working surfaces
c
Shape of the working surface of loosening paw Working speed of the body, km/hour Depth of tillage of ground, sm Quality of crumbling of ground,%. size of fraction, mm Width of loosened zone, sm Tractive resistance of loosener, kH.
M sr. ±o >100 100-50 >50 M sr. ±o M sr. ±o
flat 5,0 36,2 1,08 17,47 7,40 75,13 68,4 1,35 11,46 2,46
7,0 34,9 1,62 7,64 10,67 81,69 72,1 1,82 12,56 2,24
concave 5,0 37,7 1,21 13,50 10,10 76,40 64,5 1,28 11,63 1,98
7,0 35,4 1,71 9,20 11,97 78,83 70,5 1,92 12,62 2,07
convex 5,0 35,7 1,19 10,20 9,85 79,84 70,9 1,53 10,41 2,23
7,0 35,1 1,42 7,48 7,85 84,67 73,5 1,92 11,27 2,37
In researches depending on the forms working surfaces ofloosening paws were studied change of quality in cutting of ground, uniformity of the depth of its processing, as well as depth of the furrow with compacted walls, width of loosened zones and tractive resistance ofworking organ. Herewith we changed the form of a working
surface of loosening paws. The rest parameters of loosening paws were constant: at width working t surfaces of loosening paws-180 mm, angle of entering of loosener into the ground-25 length of loosening paws - 150 mm. Studies were conducted at velocity of the moving the unit 5, 0-7, 0 km/hour with installed depth of the mov-
ing working organs-35 sm. Results of the studies are presented in the table.
Thereby, results of the studies have shown that basic researches are taken correctly. Ensuring the qualitative loosening of ground under minimum depth of the furrow with compacted wall and the least expenses of energy for loosening of ground the form of working surfaces of loosening paws must be protuberant.
As the results of theoretical researches have shown when using protuberant working surfaces of loosening paws the layer is compressed but sprawls in longitude direction. This brings about improvement of the cutting of ground and decreasing tractive resistance of the unit.
The results of carried out studies have shown that increasing the velocity of the moving the unit brings to increasing the
tractive resistance of loosener and perfect the quality of cutting ground, that is fractions in size more than 100 mms decrease, but size less 50 mms increase. The main reason of this is that influence of power increases at increasing the velocity of the moving unit to inertias of ground on working organs of the machines and blow from the working organs on the ground. At increasing the velocity of the moving unit from 5,0 km/hour up to 7,0 km/hour of the tractive resistance of loosening paws with protuberant surface and working organ changed not so, much in contrast to flat and convex working units.
So on, the base of results of theoretical and experimental studies we can confirm with confidence that for qualitative processing of ground with minimum expenses of energy working organs with protuberant working surface are necessary.
References:
1. Sineokov G. N., Panov I. M. Theory and calculation ground cultivating machine. - Moscow: Machine building, - 1977.
2. Tuhtaquziev A., Hushvaktov B., Mamadaliev M. Way spare energy when processing of ground//AGRO ILM - ZH. Agriculture of Uzbekistan - T., - 2007. - No 3.
3. Khudoyorov A., Mamadaliev M. Results of the comparative test of working organ loosener//ZH. Agriculture of Uzbekistan - T., -2008. - No 8.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-11.12-140-142
Khudayarov Muzaffar Burhanovich, candidate of technical Sciences associate Professor, Tashkent State Technical University E-mail: [email protected] Khabibulina Albina Talgatovna, Senior teacher, TGTU E-mail: [email protected] Karimkulov Hojiakbar Kholmuradovich, Undergraduate, TSTU E-mail: [email protected]
Energy consumption forecasting methodology of a set of objects
Abstract: This article presents the methodology and questions the use of different types of models for forecasting of energy consumption a set of objects. To improve the forecasting results is carried out procedure to select the best model for each object together.
Keywords: technocenosis, forecasting, data matrix, forecasting vector, forecasting models.
Introduction
One of the most important tasks of effective management of a set of objects (technocenosis [1]) is the task of energy consumption forecasting of individual objects and the whole set.
In this case, the forecasting is a procedure which consists in determining the probable values of energy consumption in the future, for planning purposes. Forecasting is designed to help decision making and planning in the present.
According to [2] forecasting can be done by different methods, which include the G-methods (based on Gaussian mathematical statistics), the Z-method (based on Zipf mathematical statistics) [3]. Also for forecasting are widely used methods based on the use of artificial neural networks [4], neuro-fuzzy models [5] and others.
The main aim of this work is to develop forecasting method and evaluate the different types of models to predict the energy consumption of a set of buildings.
Energy consumption forecasting method
The first step to perform forecasting is collection of monthly data (5 years or more) on the energy consumption of all the objects of a set, allowing you to prepare a database for further use in the calculations.
As it is known, the data which used for further analysis is not always are quite correct. There are zero data, absolutely equal data, and also so-called "outliers" resulting in incorrect database. In some cases, when there is a small volume of data need to simply increase existing database on a few years "back".
Consequently, on the second step, it requires pre-verification database that includes the following procedures: 1) elimination of zero data 2) elimination error data (outliers); 3) elimination of absolutely equal data; 4) recovery of lost data.
It should be noted that the verification procedure is not mandatory, but it must always be applied in that case there is the slightest doubt in correctness of the initial data.
