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presented in mosques and the mass media by honest and well-educated preachers that will be the most effective means to combat Salafites and Wahhabis.
Notes
1. A. Evstratotv. 2013. Salafizm v Rossii i SNG. [Salafizm in Russia and the CIS.] http://www.iran.ru
2. E.Primakov. 2013. Neotlozhnaya k resheniu problema [Pressing Problem to Be Solved]. http://www.rg.ru
"Vlast", Moscow, 2014, № 4, pp. 139-141.
E. Shcherbina,
Ph. D. (Political sciences), Institute of State Management at the Government of the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic
MONITORING THE ETHNOPOLITICAL SITUATION IN THE KARACHAYEVO-CIRCASSIAN REPUBLIC
The Karachayevo-Circassian Republic, one of the parts of the North-Caucasian Federal okrug (region), was formed in 1992. Its Constitution was adopted on March 5, 1996, which noted the specific features of its functioning and development. The leading bodies of power in the republic are formed with due account of national representation.1 Article 11 of the Constitution noted that the official languages of the republic are Abazin, Karachay, Nogai, Russian and Circassian. Article 109 sets the rules of the formation of bodies of local self-government whose structure is determined by the local population independently. Changes of borders of territories are allowed only on consent of their residents.
At present, a strategy of the socio-economic development of the Karachayevo-Circassian Republic up to the year 2035 is elaborated. The development of the republic will include all municipalities on the basis of thoroughly elaborated plans. While working out all relevant documents the opinion of the population was duly taken into consideration on the basis of the data of regular sociological polls.
According to the All-Russia population census of 2010, the ethnic composition of the republican population was as follows: Karachays - 41 percent; Russians - 31.6 percent; Circassians -11.9 percent; Abazins - 7.8 percent; Nogais - 3.3 percent.2 The number of the Karachay population has grown by 25,126, and that of the Abazins and Circassians has also increased, but slightly. The Russian population in the republic has decreased by 2.25 percent.
Beginning from 2001 an annual migration decrease of the population has been registered. The greatest number of people who have left the republic was noted in 2011 (14,108 people).
At the end of 2012 a strategy of state national policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 was adopted, which determined the main directions in the sphere of nationalities policy at all levels, from the federal to local ones. The concept of the nationalities policy of the Karachayevo-Cirkassian Republic has been evolved and endorsed by a decree of the President of the republic on February 2, 2011.
A legal and legislative basis in the sphere of interethnic relations has been worked out in the republic, which also deals with opposition to extremism and terrorism and corresponds to similar federal legislative acts and programs.
Public organizations in the republic act as subjects of ethnic policy. There are 48 such organizations representing all nationalities living there.3 The most active are the Karachayevo-Circassian public
movement "Rus," the public movement "Abaza," the "Adyge-Khase" public movement, the "Birlik" Nogai movement, and some others.
Small national groups in the republic - Ossetian, Greek, Armenian, Azerbaijani and Jewish also have their public organizations, whose activity is aimed at the preservation and development of culture of their people.
Young people form about thirty percent of the total population of the republic. Among the main directions of the state policy toward young people are fight against drug addiction, alcoholism and tobacco smoking, as well as the development of student activity, upbringing of patriotism, and propaganda of tolerance. Sports are also among priority matters of domestic policy.
A no small role in ideological work among young people belongs to public and religious organizations - the Spiritual Board of Muslims, the Muftis and representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church.
National television companies prepare and transmit monthly programs on religious subjects, explaining the essence of traditional Islam and extremist trends in it. "The World of Islam" in the Abazin language, "The Word from the Koran" in the Nogai language, "Azan" in the Karachay language, and "Minaret" in the Circassian language. The TV program in Russian is entitled "On the Road to Faith." Orthodox Christian spiritual leaders regularly appear on the local TV and radio.
The leaders of public and religious organizations emphasize that the main role in the implementation of interethnic policy should be played not only by the authorities, but also by all these organizations. They can and must actively participate in preventing and regulating interethnic conflicts in the republic.
To sum up: a stable ethnic structure is formed in the Karachayevo-Cirkassian Republic;
Migration from the republic is of a sluggish character, but is continuing at the present time;
A vast legal-legislative base in the sphere of interethnic relations has been evolved in the republic, which is founded on all-Russia laws, but with due account of national and local specific features;
It is not only bodies of state power of various level, but also national-cultural public organizations positioning themselves as independent actors in political processes and interethnic relations that come out as subjects of ethnic policy in the Karachayevo-Cirkassian Republic.
Notes
1. http://yougor.ru/karachaevo-cherkesskaya-respublika.html
2. Site of the Ministry for Nationalities, Mass Communications and the Press of the KCR. Section on "Ethnic composition of the Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Republic." (http://www.minnacop)
3. http://www.palata09.ru
"Etnopoliticheskaya situatsiya v Rossii i sopredelnykh gosudarstvakh v 2013 godu, " Moscow, 2014, pp. 502-508
Aider Bulatov,
Ph. D. (Philosophy), Head of Crimean Scientific Center of Islamic Studies SALAFISM AS IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN MUSLIM UMMAH OF THE CRIMEA
When talking of Crimean Muslims, mention is often made of Salafites (Wahhabis), along with such terms as "fundamentalism," "radicalism," "non-traditional," "extremist," etc. To date it would be necessary to present one of the Islamic trends in the modern Crimea,
