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12SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 1 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
METHODS OF PROVIDING MOBILE COVERING FOR REMOTE AREAS
WITHOUT MOBILE COVERING
Golib Gayratovich Djalilov
Uzbekistan, Tashkent city [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The article is written about satellite communication, which does not act as a competitor to cellular, but rather organically combines with the latter. Almost all mobile satellite communication systems provide for a fairly high degree of integration with cellular communication; in particular, in addition to subscriber terminals intended for satellite systems, it is planned to create dual-mode terminals designed to operate both in a satellite system and in any of the cellular standards.
Keywords: sphere, create, enhance, efficiency, telephone, invent, goal, system, line, informational, etc.
INTRODUCTION
Communication has always been of great value to humanity. When two people meet, there is enough voice to communicate to them, but with an increase in the distance between them, there is a need for special tools.
On November 21, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a decree on advanced management systems for the introduction of information technologies and communications, as well as the organization of their protection.
METHODOLOGY
The document is supervised by the Inspection for Control in the Sphere of Communications, Information and Telecommunication Technologies under the Ministry for the Development of IT and Communications and the Center for Information Security in the Field of Communications.
In their place, the State Inspectorate for Control in the Field of Information and Telecommunications of the Republic of Uzbekistan with a technical service center, as well as the Public Order Service Center "harmless city" of the Ministry of Information and Communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan are being created. The formation is aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy in the information sphere, improving the management systems of telecommunications and ensuring information and cyber security.
Mobile communication is a radio communication between subscribers, the location of one or several of which changes. One of the types of mobile communication is cellular communication.
Cellular communication generation is a set of network functionality, namely: subscriber registration, call establishment, information transfer between a mobile phone and a base station via a radio channel, the procedure for establishing a call between subscribers, encryption, roaming in other networks, as well as a set of services that precede subscribers.
In Uzbekistan, mobile operators neglect the third-generation communication, and quite recently the 4G network was introduced, thanks to which the speed of mobile Internet will significantly increase.
In addition to the obvious high-speed advantages of 4G communication, there is also a more profitable solution in remote regions of various countries. Thus, 4G can provide high-speed Internet access, for example, in small cities or rural areas.
Today, work is underway in the world to create a fifth-generation network that will meet the following requirements:
S an increase in the speed of data transmission by 10-100 times per subscriber;
S increase in average traffic consumption by a subscriber up to 1000 times;
S increase in the number of serviced devices in the network by 100 times;
S reduction of energy consumption of subscriber devices in several times;
S reduction of network delays by 5 times or more;
S reduction of the total cost of operation of networks of the fifth generation.
Global satellite communication systems have been used by large companies around the world for several decades. The communication satellite is in demand in the military sphere, in transport, in the oil and gas industry, in the mining industry and geological exploration, in banking, and in network trade. Mobile communication satellite is widely used by researchers and travelers in places where there is no coverage of a conventional cellular network.
At the present time, global satellite communication is a fully accessible service that allows you to expand the boundaries of what is possible even for young developing companies and private individuals. The organization of satellite communications for a company or for personal purposes is a simple process, but a high-tech one, it requires, first of all, the cost of equipment and subscription fees, as well as high-quality service. In addition to the standard service packages, the user can purchase a number of specialized applications that will make it possible to fully reveal the possibilities of global communication in a satellite.
This article examines the ability to provide mobile coverage for remote areas that do not have mobile coverage.
Previous AMPS cellular systems were more like television or radio broadcast networks than modern cellular systems. Base stations (BS, BTS) in them emitted a signal with high power and over a wide area (with a radius of up to 50 km). This scheme had a number of disadvantages, the main ones being low network capacity and low spectral efficiency. A very wide frequency band was used to operate a large network with a significant number of subscribers. In large cities, cellular communication systems were quickly overloaded, and due to the limited frequency range they could not be expanded.
DISCUSSION
In the AMPS standard, this problem is solved by the method of frequency reuse, which has become key in all subsequent cellular communication systems. The principle of this method is that each frequency allocated to the operator can be used on many noncontiguous cells. This is made possible by the fact that the AMPS base stations have much less radiated power. The signal at a certain frequency propagates over a smaller area, and the re-reflected waves quickly fade out and cannot significantly affect the operation of nearby cells with a similar frequency. Thus, the operator can, using the same frequency channels in a relatively small frequency range, build an entire network. By adjusting the power and the number of frequencies used, you can effectively configure the network for areas with different subscriber densities: from the steppe to the metropolis.
Принципы построения сети стандарта AMPS схожи с принципами строительства других сетей сотовой связи 1G, например, NMT. Mobile Telecommunications Switching Office (MTSO), Cell-Site/Base station, Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSU).
The principles of building an AMPS network are similar to the principles of building other 1G cellular networks, such as NMT. The main elements of the network are: Mobile Telecommunications Switching Office( MTSO), Cell-Site/Base station, Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSU).
Другие операторы телефонной связи
MSU Cell Site
(Figure 1. 1.AMPS network architecture)
MTSO is the central object of the mobile communication network. It includes Mobile Switching Centre (MSC), network monitoring equipment, transport equipment for communication with external telephone networks, for example, PsTN. The main function of the MSC is to switch connections between network subscribers and possibly with other telephone networks. In addition, the MSC performs the functions of monitoring radio resources, compiling invoices for communication services rendered(billing), determining the location of subscribers, and some others.
RESULTS
The Cell Site network element is an analog of the base station and performs almost similar functions. In fact a Cell Site is some physical location of the equipment that provides radio coverage within the cell/sot: antenna-feeder device and radio transmitters. Along with this, the Cell Site usually includes transport equipment, power supply equipment, air conditioning, etc. The main task of the Cell Site is to organize the interface between the MSU and the MTSO.
MSU - mobile subscriber device. In fact, this is the end user equipment with which subscribers receive network services. By the AMPS standard, all MSUs are divided into 3 groups:
1. Mobile phone
2. Transportable device
3. Portable device
Moreover, only the last type corresponds to a cell phone in its usual form. Devices from the first group provided for installation in vehicles, and portable devices are rather bulky. Naturally, the most compact devices meant the shortest operating time between charges.
(Figure 1. 2.ExamplesofcellphonesoperatingundertheAMPSstandard) Each MSU includes a Numeric Assignment Module - NAM), a digital assignment module that is used to provide secure access to the network for subscribers. MTSO
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 1 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
contains a "black" list of NAMS that are denied access to the network. When registering an MSU on the network, the MSC checks the NAM for its presence in the "black" list, and, depending on the result of the check, it can allow or deny registration.
The AMPS standard was quite successful for its time. The basic principles of this standard are the basis for several others, which eventually led to the formation of a whole family of standards used around the world. The main one saredis cussed below.
CONCLUSION
This article discusses most of the well-known mobile and satellite communication standards, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
Mobile satellite communication systems are becoming a reality. There is every reason to believe that at the turn of the millennium, mobile satellite communication will become, if not as widespread as cellular communication today, then at least no less well-known and almost everywhere available.
REFERENCES
1. Sh. M. Mirziyaev. We will continue our path of national development with determination and take a new look (Volume 1)., 592. page
2. Ibraimov R. R. Radio relay and satellite transmission systems.: TUIT, 2000.
3. Yu. A. Gromakov. Mobile radio communication standards and systems. Eco-Trends Publishing House. Moscow. 1998.
4. William K. Y. Lee. Mobile cellular communication: Analog and digital systems. McGraw-Hill. Inc. 195, p. 664.
