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26Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
METAPHOR IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK STORIES OF THE XXI CENTURY
Kurbanova Asaloy
Master of the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
Metaphor is one of the most productive means by which reality is verbalized. It is also a universal way of knowing and conceptualizing the real world. Metaphor successfully plays the role of a prism through which a person performs an act of worldview and is one of the most expressive speech means, characterized by high information content and semantic capacity.
Metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon is found not only in oral speech, but also in writing. The great importance of metaphor lies in its use in works of art. There is not a single author who would not use metaphorical transfer in order to describe heroes, various phenomena and actions in bright colors. The following article is devoted to the study of the use of metaphor in English and Uzbek stories of the XXI century.
Keywords: metaphor, literary device, stylistics, poetry, prose, comparison, metaphor is a highly useful, western culture the phrase, metaphorical comparison, metaphorical comparison
Метафора — одно из наиболее продуктивных средств вербализации действительности. Это также универсальный способ познания и осмысления реального мира. Метафора успешно играет роль призмы, через которую человек осуществляет акт мировоззрения, и является одним из наиболее выразительных речевых средств, отличающихся высокой информативностью и смысловой емкостью.
Метафора как языковое явление встречается не только в устной речи, но и в письменной. Большое значение метафоры заключается в ее использовании в произведениях искусства. Нет ни одного автора, который бы не использовал метафорический перевод для того, чтобы в ярких красках описать героев, различные явления и поступки. Текущая статья посвящена изучению использования метафоры в англоязычных и узбекских рассказах XXI века.
Ключевые слова: метафора, литературный прием, стилистика, поэзия, проза, сравнение, метафора весьма полезная, западная культура фраза, метафорическое сравнение, метафорическое сравнение
ABSTRACT
АННОТАЦИЯ
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
ANNOTATSIYA
Metafora voqelikni so'z bilan ifodalashning eng samarali vositalaridan biridir. Bu shuningdek, haqiqiy dunyoni bilish va kontseptsiyalashning universal usulidir. Metafora prizma sifatida muvaffaqiyatli foydalaniladi, bu orqali odam dunyoqarash harakatini amalga oshiradi. Yuqori axborot mazmuni va semantik qobiliyati bilan ajralib turadigan eng ifodali nutq vositalaridan biridir.
Metafora til hodisasi sifatida nafaqat og'zaki nutqda, balki yozma nutqda ham keng foydalaniladi. Metaforaning katta ahamiyati uning badiiy asarlarda ishlatilishidadir. Qahramonlarni, turli hodisa va harakatlarni yorqin ranglarda tasvirlashda metaforaviy ko'chimlardan foydalanmaydigan muallif yo'q. Quyidagi maqola XXI asr ingliz va o 'zbek hikoyalarida metafora qo'llanilishini o 'rganishga bag 'ishlangan.
Kalit so'zlar: metafora, adabiy vosita, stilistika, she'riyat, nasr, qiyos, metafora juda foydali, g'arb madaniyati iborasi, metaforik taqqoslash.
INTRODUCTION
A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two non-similar things. As a literary device, metaphor creates implicit comparisons without the express use of "like" or "as." Metaphor is a means of asserting that two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar. This is useful in literature for using specific images or concepts to state abstract truths.
Metaphor is a key component of all forms of literature, including poetry, prose, and drama. This is not only because metaphor is a highly useful literary device, but also because it is such a vital part of all language and communication. Many cognitive theorists have researched and written about the importance of metaphor in the way we understand the world around us. For example, in western culture the phrase "time is money" is quite prevalent. This is not just a cliché, though; we talk about time in terms of wasting it, spending it, saving it, and so on. The metaphorical comparison of these two concepts ends up influencing the way people in cultures actually perceive time. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that there are examples of metaphor in literature from every culture. The use of metaphor allows authors to present unfamiliar ideas or situations in ways that the reader is able to comprehend by comparing unknown things to known things. This can be a good technique for fantasy writers or science fiction writers to make the worlds they create seem more familiar to the reader. Metaphors can also be used, however, to compare very common things to one another. This type of usage forges a cognitive link
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
between previously unrelated objects and makes readers appreciate them in a new way.
For example, one of the most famous metaphors in literature is featured in this line from William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet: What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet, the sun! (from act.2 scene 2) In this metaphor, Juliet is compared to the sun. In fact, this figure of speech claims that Juliet is the sun. Of course, the reader understands that Romeo does not believe that Juliet is literally the sun. Instead, the comparison demonstrates the idea that Romeo equates Juliet with the beauty, awe, and life-giving force of the sun. To Romeo, symbolically, Juliet and the sun are the same.
Overall, as a literary device, metaphor functions as a means of creating a direct comparison between two seemingly different things. This is effective for readers in that metaphor can create an association between two dissimilar entities or ideas that, because of the metaphor, illuminate each other and deepen the meaning of both. Metaphor is an essential figure of speech for writers of both poetry and prose.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It's important that writers construct proper metaphors so that the comparative meaning is not lost for the reader. In fact, metaphors are dependent on the understandable combination of a principal term and a secondary term. The principal term conveys the concrete or literal entity, and the secondary term is used figuratively to add meaning. For example, in the metaphor "the car was a lemon," the principal term is "car" and the secondary term is "lemon". The use of lemon adds figurative meaning for the car.
It can be observed that Uzbek storytelling is developing in two different methodological directions: traditional realist and modernist. Modern Uzbek writers, with the creative experiences of master Uzbek storytellers, as well as world storytelling, widely use modernist forms and methods characteristic of Western literature in terms of symbolic and metaphorical images and style, and create new artistic and aesthetic innovations in storytelling. They include a deeper insight into the hero's psyche, literary hallucinations, illusion-like images, new symbolic-psychological images, and even the interpretation of artistic-romantic textual images created by the writer's fantasy.
Literary critic B. Sarimsakov dwells on the theoretical nature and characteristics of metaphor, metaphorical image, and in his book "Badiiylik asoslari va mezonlari" (Fundamentals and Criteria of Art) gives the following opinion: "Increasing the
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
intensity of experience in a work of art is characteristic of a metaphorical image. Metaphor is the creator's negative attitude towards this or that thing, event also serves to express directly ". Agreeing with the opinion of the scientist, we would like to emphasize that sometimes when naming an image in a work of art, a writer can not only express a negative attitude, but express an impartial and open attitude. However, as Bahadir Sarimsakov rightly pointed out, the metaphorical image mainly embodies a negative attitude.
In addition, the stories of Sobir O'nar and Abduqayum Yo'ldosh are mainly built in traditional realistic style, and they are dominated by domestic, spiritual and social problems. For instance, Sobir O'nar in the story "Tarvuz" (Watermelon) reveals the essence of a person through the behavior and spirit of the image of Khudoyqul, who prefers money and wealth to the world over true friendship and inhumanity, by narrating scenes from everyday life. In the story, watermelon is a psychological symbol. The arrival of a watermelon at the house of Omondavlat's friend, the arrival of Xudoyqul's friends, the placing of watermelon on the table, and the throwing of watermelon in the garbage dump are all connected and served to express an important artistic idea in the story.
CONCLUSION
In our conclusion, Xudoyqul, in fact, with his meaning, outwardly shiny, but internally thin appearance restores the external state of the watermelon. We can say that Tarvuz is smooth, shiny, and motley, so Khudoyqul, by nature, is a symbolic representation of such a person, who by nature will finish any work in society smoothly with money. Culture related vocabulary of the writer shed a great light on the customs and traditions of the nation.
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 10/2 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
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