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8Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
THE NOTION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE ONOMASTIC SCOPE OF
THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Yashnarbekova Shahzoda Ravshanovna,
UzSWLU, teacher
ABSTRACT
As is known a considerable part of the vocabulary system of any language consists of proper nouns. Meanwhile one can say that the present rich linguistic material, in general, was not researched properly in linguistics. Particularly, wide range of studies were not carried out on noun types which exist in certain languages, their types, differences of proper nouns from common nouns, the volume of their vocabulary system in the language. More detailed study is required on quantity, the spread limits, their nominative, functional tasks they fulfill in the speech, basic motives, principles of naming things and objects, and the role of linguistic and non-linguistic factors in it. Among the mentioned problems one of the most topical one is the types of proper nouns, their specifics, defining of their rank in this language vocabulary and evaluating medial phenomenon that is in between onomastic and non-onomastic system.
Keywords: Onomastic scope, phenomena, object, proper nouns, common nouns, toponymic scope, polysematic, onomastic level, onomastic field.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Как известно, значительную часть словарной системы любого языка составляют имена собственные. Между тем можно сказать, что имеющийся богатый языковой материал в целом не был должным образом исследован в языкознании. В частности, не проводились широкие исследования типов имен существительных, существующих в определенных языках, их типов, отличий имен собственных от имен нарицательных, объема их словарного состава в языке. Требуется более детальное изучение количества, границ распространения, их номинативных, функциональных задач, которые они выполняют в речи, основных мотивов, принципов наименования вещей и предметов, роли в этом языковых и неязыковых факторов. Среди названных проблем одной из наиболее актуальных являются типы имен собственных, их специфика, определение их ранга в лексике данного языка и оценка медиального феномена, находящегося между ономастической и неономастической системами.
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Ключевые слова: ономастический объем, явления, объект, имена собственные, имена нарицательные, топонимический объем, многозначность, ономастический уровень, ономастическое поле.
INTRODUCTION
Reality, material world which surrounds us is very complex, rich, multisided and different, and it differs from the essence, state, form, appearance and task of the things and phenomena which comprise them. The word used as a term common noun expresses partially these features which belong to the category of noun.
It is necessary, when speaking about the onomastic system, to pay attention to its interrelation and components which comprise separate groups belonging to the onomastic scope rather than about it. For example, the forms of pet and diminishing names, and various regional variants of toponyms, etc.
FEATURES OF PROPER NAMES
Naming things and phenomena, essence and actions in groups in general is peculiar not only to common nouns, but also to other types of words. For example, any colour in the nature and its any shade are reflected in the notions of "colour" and "shades". All the notions on the things and phenomena which suit people's taste, good will, and aesthetic requirements are expressed by the help of the word "good", and its opposite is expressed by the word "bad". Genaralizing nomination of the notions like these is peculiar to all parts of speech. The fact that in the history of humanity, in the history of a society a language does not only fulfil its function of thinking by generalizing, and some things and phenomena, and objects which are named are important for the people's life requirements who name them and the fact that those objects have some differential features in comparison with others, played an important role. For instance, people gave separate names for each river, lake, and spring to differtiate them from each other in the regions where they live: Amudarya, Syrdarya, Zarafshan, Tashbulak, Kutirbulak and the like.
It means that proper names appeared as a result of naming things and phenomena as wel as objects separately, and one by one. In case there was no such necessity they used to be satisfied with their general names.
The generalizing ability is the highest point of human being's thinking. If in case there was not such ability of a human being a language would consist of millions, billions of words and grammatical means and would be super difficult and Science found out the existence of 100000 smell in the nature. Roses had more than 50
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fragrances. But they are generalized by using several words and word combinations in Uzbek including уид, uc, буй or сассщ, хушбуй, бадбуй, уидли, and ёцимли уид .
So, naming of things and phenomena separately through proper names is the result of specific requirements, rules and laws.
Common nouns and other types of common nouns are well studied in comparison with proper nouns in linguistics. It can be noticed from the fact that common nouns and other types of parts of speech in Uzbek were widely analyzed and described on the basis of all their linguistic features. As only 4 or 5 types of proper nouns are mentioned in the existing lexicology, grammars, spelling rules and dictionaries and in analyzing various linguistic features materials of proper nouns are simply avoided.
Appropriate defining and grounding the essence and linguistic functions of proper nouns is mainly connected with collecting maximum material in concrete languages and proper noun materials in languages in general, and quantity volume of these names, their place in the word stock, defining the proportion, and the limits of proper noun types like in common nouns. In this case, particularly it is important to define clearly scientific criteria, requirements and provisions which meet the requirements of so called proper noun as a linguistic unit (onomastic category). As such scientific measure will enable to differentiate and limit a word which is called a proper noun from other common nouns and adjacent vocabulary phenomena.
Defining the existing proper noun types and the quantity in a concrete language will facilitate being aware of the circle of proper nouns and their spread in onomastic field in that very language.
NOTION OF TOPONYMIC SCOPE
Initially the term "toponymic" scope" was used by V.N.Toporov1 and later A.V.Seperanskaya in her copied V.N.Toporov and used the terms "onomastic scope" and "toponomic scope".
"The Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" explains the word кулам (scope) in the following way: "The spread of some activity, the scope, and volume; the degree of development and reaching the top"43. In the given explanation the meanings "spread of some activity, the scope, and volume" can be applied to "onomastic scope". As onomastic scope defines the limits of existence of proper names in that language, its limits and indicates it quanitity and volume.
1 Топоров B.H. Из области теоретической топономастики // Вопросы языкознания. - М., 1962. - № 6. — РР. 3-4; О палийской топономастике // Топонимика Востока. Исследования и материалы. - М.: Наука, 1969. -РР. 33-34.
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The word "пространство" is polysematic: it expresses 1) space, place, empty space in philosophy; 2) in simple meaning: wide space, field, place, gap; 3) vast space on the land surface.
This term can be used as onomastic level, onomastic field. But the onomastic notion, we are considering, expresses three features: 1) the existence of proper nouns in certain language; 2) their spread limit in the language; 3) the volume of onomastic vocabulary in the language. The terms level and field are narrow to express this meaning. Therefore we think it will be appropriate to replace the word пространство with the word кулам (scope). The meaning of this word is wide and is suitable for the meaning of the mentioned notion. It is also understood by the given explanation.
ONOMASTIC SCOPE
The term onomastic scope is also used in the meaning of general nomenclature (inventory), collection of proper nouns in a concrete language. This inventory, according to A.V. Seperanskaya2, as follows: " — это сумма имен собтвенных, употребляющихся в языке данного народа для именования реальных, гипотетических и фантастических объектов" ("Onomastic scope is a set of proper nouns in certain folk language and serves to name real, unreal and imaginary objects").
If we base on the mentioned ideas, the onomastic scope of the Uzbek language consists of a set (inventory) of all types of proper nouns. In this respect onomastic scope is close to the terms onomastic vocabulary, onomastic stock of the language, the system of proper nouns of the language and onomastic units of the language. As all proper nouns existing in onomastic scope are opposed phenomenon to common nouns of the Uzbek language.
Onomastic Scope of the Uzbek Language
r
Su perse о ре Set of all proper nouns in Uzbek
1 1
Macroseopc toponyms, zoonyms, ctc. Microscope oykonyms, gipponyms, ctc. Other small groups astionyms, agaronyms, etc.
2 Суперанская А.В. Общая теория имени собственного. - М.: Наука, 1973
- С. 141.
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The given classification of onomastic scope of the Uzbek language is provisional. As the interrelation of various types of proper nouns comprising onomastic system and the expressing processes of it is multisided and complex. For example, each of the concrete onomastic units (for instance, oykonym - Jizzakh; hydronym - Akdarya, Korasuv; anthroponym - Azimbek, Gulbahor; cosmonym -Chulpon, Zuhafetc.) will be directly connected as a unit of proper noun types with superscope as its component and will belong to it. These units are connected with superscope through macro- and microscope as they are material of superscope from the essence as they belong to it.
CONCLUSION
Among the mentioned problems one of the most topical one is the types of proper nouns, their specifics, defining of their rank in this language vocabulary and evaluating medial phenomenon that is in between onomastic and non-onomsatic system. We found it appropriate to define the aspects of scientific analysis of the problems and the scope of study of them in linguistics in this respect in the introductory part of the monograph. We made an attempt to dwell mainly upon the ideas that exist in Turkology, paying attention to Uzbek linguistics as well as Russian linguistics.
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