12ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-1114-1116
LINGUOCULTURAL STUDY OF FEMALE JEWELRY NAMES (BASED ON
ENGLISH AND UZBEK MATERIALS)
Shakhnoza Kobiljonovna Kayumova
Teacher, Termez State University
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes and describes the names of jewelry that make up the lexical-semantic group of "jewelry made of metal", which are an invariable accessory and an important element of traditional Yakut clothing. The study presents the cultural and historical characteristics of the complex of metal jewelry, the seminal structure of the lexical units of the names of jewelry in the language is determined, types, subgroups, lexical and semantic associations as part of the named lexical and semantic group are identified. Keywords: Cognitive linguistics; lexical and semantic group; metal jewelry; polysemy; linguistic picture of the world.
INTRODUCTION
The semantic features of language, their use, the ability to combine and connect with other words, the role of "location" in the lexical system of the language have specific features in different languages and are not always consistent. Since it is not possible to cover all cases of semantic difference between two languages at the same time, we study it according to its typical features.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Types of lexical matching in English and Uzbek can be classified as follows:
1. Full lexical compatibility.
2. Partial lexical compatibility.
3. General incompatibility.
4. Full lexical compatibility.
Complete lexical matching is a rare occurrence in English and Uzbek. Typically, they belong to the following lexical groups:
1) names of horses and geographical places; 2) scientific and technical terms; 3) months, weeks, days and numbers.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-1114-1116
Partial lexical compatibility. In translation practice, partial compatibility of lexical units is often observed. Partial compatibility occurs when a word in the source text has multiple correspondences in the target language.
In the last two decades, studies that consider languageas an integral part of the cultural heritage of an ethnos, which is characterized by national-cultural specificity, have been widely developed in linguistics. Studies of various concepts as clots of culture in the human mind from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics and linguocultural studies have gained particular relevance. The cognitive approach, which is one of the most important linguistic paradigms of our time, consists in a functional view of language as a communicative system that offers optimal conditions for coding and decoding of non-language information.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cognitivism considers language as a cognitive mechanism, which is the connecting link between speech and thought activity, on the one hand, and the functioning of language, on the other. The basis of the cognitive approach is the identification of all types of knowledge that are embedded in the structure of individual lexemes and their blocks and are used in communicative activities. The single structure of the human brain and the need for structuring linguistic reality in the process of cognitive activity determine the presence of universals and differences in various languages. The basis of linguistic universals are concepts that represent the basic category of cognitive semantics of the highest degree of abstraction. They, including the particular values of concretization of general semantics, are the most adequate way to reflect extralinguistic reality (Abdyukova, 2002)
The reasons are:
1) Many words in a language are polysemantic (i.e., plural), and the meaning of a word in one language is not entirely consistent with the meaning of a word in another. For example: house (house, shelter, parliament, etc.), head (head, head, leader, chief, etc.). Therefore, in the process of translating words, their meanings are revealed within the context;
2) selection and interpretation of words in a synonymous sequence. When using synonyms, it is necessary to determine the essence of their semantic features. In this case, the meanings of synonymous strings themselves, differences in lexical and stylistic meanings, the possibility of combining individual components of synonymous strings are taken into account: dismiss, discharge - dismissal (in biblical language); sack, fire - to drive (in oral speech);
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 9 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 Directory Indexing of International Research Journals-CiteFactor 2020-21: 0.89
DOI: 10.24412/2181-1385-2021-9-1114-1116
3) each word has its own nominative meaning. Nominative units in different languages can mean the same thing. Because in the nominative unit of each language there are "different principles of expression of vocabulary in different parts" peculiar to this language.
Following V.I. Karasik, we understand the concept as "multidimensional semantic education, in which the value, figurative, conceptual sides stand out". The value dimension of the concept reflects the importance of a given mental education for an individual, society; figurative - "relevant signs of practical knowledge" (visual, taste, tactile and other characteristics of objects); conceptual -linguistic fixation of the concept. The researcher identifies several types of concepts depending on the producing subject: ethnocultural, sociocultural, and individual cultural (Karasik, 2009).
The following methods are more common in the translation of words:
1) transcription;
2) transliteration;
3) creation of a new word - neologism through translation;
4) literal (kalka) translation;
5) translation with a word whose meaning is approximated;
6) to explain the specific word;
7) Substitution with a contextual alternative.
REFERENCES
1. Raximov G'. Translation theory and practice. National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. State Scientific Publishing House. Tashkent-2016. 176 b.
2. Alimov V. V. Translation theory. Translation in the sphere of professional communication. - Moscow: URSS, 2004.
3. Barxudarov L. S. Yazyk and perevod. - Moscow: MO, 1975. - 190 p.
4. Visson Linn. Practicum on synchronous translation from Russian to English. -Moscow, 2000. - p. 200.
